...other audiovisual work, are fixed by any method now known or later developed, and from which the sounds can be perceived, reproduced, or otherwise communicated,...either directly or with the aid of a machine or device. The term "phonorecords" includes the material object in which the sounds are first fixed. "Pictorial,...

...are the subject of another slightly different form of property right: copyright. Copyright law reads: "Copyright protection subsists, in accordance with...communicated, either directly or with the aid of a machine or device."51 Patents for gene sequences seem to exist somewhere between the former patent law and copyright....

...and forward-looking way in the law. Thus the Copyright Act of 1976 defined it as referring to works "fixed in any tangible medium of expression, now known...directly or with the aid of a machine or device," making the meaning of "tangible" technologically invariant! You can establish proof of the starting...

...the work be fixed in a 'tangible medium of expression'. Section 101 defines a fixed work as one that 'can be perceived, reproduced, or otherwise communicated, either directly or with the aid of a machine or device'.92 Fixation can play a role in claims of infringement because a 'copy' is further defined as...

...Code, which is largely still based on the Copyright Act of 1976. The Copyright Act gives protection to "original works of authorship fixed in any tangible...a machine or device." Works of authorship include: • Literary works • Musical works, including any accompanying words • Dramatic works, including...

...1250 (1984); POOLEY, TRADE SECRETs, Law Journal Press (1997). (c) Copyrights Copyright law protects "works of authorship fixed in any tangible medium...directly or with the aid of a machine or device." 1 7 USC § 102. Copyright protection, however, does not "extend to any idea, procedure, process, system,...