...gain is the best way to advance the public welfare through the talents of authors and inventors .... Sacrificial days devoted to such creative activities...deserve rewards commensurate with the services rendered. 37 The monopoly privileges that Congress may authorize are neither unlimited nor primarily designed...

...and discoveries.' The Supreme Court has stated that 'the economic philosophy behind the clause ... is the conviction that encouragement of individual...personal gain is the best way to advance public welfare', Mazer v Stein, 347 US 201, 219 (1954). The author's benefit, however, is clearly a 'secondary' consideration,...

...31-37.' A. COPYRIGHT LAW APPLIES TO INDIAN TRIBES The economic philosophy behind the [Constitution's] clause empowering Congress to grant patents and copyrights...Sacrificial days devoted to such creative activities deserve reward commensurate with the services rendered." Mazer v. Stein. 347 US 201, 21 9 (1954). This public...

...498 US 505, 515 (1991) (Stevens, J. concurring). 4The economic philosophy behind the [Constitution's] clause empowering Congress to grant patents and copyrights...the best way to advance public welfare through the áness above the law. There is no Supreme Court case holding that an Indian tribe's off-reservation...

...Writings and Discoveries." The Supreme Court has repeatedly affirmed that the plain meaning of this clause is "the conviction that encouragement of individual...authors and inventors in 'Science and useful Arts.'" Mazer v. Stein, 347 US 201, 219 (1954), which was quoted with approval in Harper & Row Publishers v....

...debasement.48 Reed eliminated the objectionable phrases. Another example: In a copyright case Reed wrote, "Sacrificial days devoted to such creative activities...rewards commensurate with the services rendered." In big letters in the margin, Frankfurter observed, "Gawd! A ditchdigger also spends sacrificial days."49...

...copyright is "to encourage people to devote themselves to intellectual and artistic creation"6 and the "encouragement of individual effort by personal gain...advance public welfare through the talents of authors."* The first Copyright Act passed in 1790 and all subsequent copyright laws enacted since then have had...

...US 201 (1954), 74 S Ct. 460, 98 L Ed. 630 (1954): "[t]he economic philosophy behind the clause ... is the conviction that encouragement of individual...rewards commensurate with the services rendered." 9 This analysis has been developed by WM Landes and RA Posner, see the muchcited Landes and Posner,...

...Carnden speaking before Parliament in 1774). 75. But see Mazer v. Stein (1954) 347 US Supreme Court 219 ('The economic philosophy behind the clause empowering Congress to grant patents and copyrights in the conviction that encouragement of individual effort by personal gain is the best way to advance...

...constitutional value, the Supreme Court has found in the Authors and Inventors Clause a constitutional precept that "encouragement of individual effort by personal...authors and inventors in 'Science and useful Arts.'" 83 Intellectual property has characteristics that in some circumstances differentiate it from other...