...This article reads : "Nothing in the present Charter shall invalidate or preclude action, in relation to any state which during the Second World War has been an enemy of any signatory to the present Charter, taken or authorized as a result of that war by the Governments having responsibility...

...security. Article 107 Nothing in the present Charter shall invalidate or preclude action, in relation to any state which during the Second World War has been an enemy of any signatory to the present Charter, taken or authorized as a result of that war by the Governments having responsibility...

...the part of any such state, until such time as the Organization may, on request of the Governments concerned, be charged with the responsibility for preventing further aggression by such a state. The purpose of these provisions was to permit states to take or continue to take action against the...

...on the pan of any such state, until such time as the Organization may, on request of the Governments concerned, be charged with the responsibility for preventing further aggression by such a stale. 2. The term enemy state as used in paragraph 1 of this Article applies to any state which during...

...the United Nations Charter (Art. 107) that allows for the continued validity of action in relation to any state which during the Second World War has been an enemy of any signatory of the Charter. At present, as reunited Germany and Japan are fully respected members of the international...

...107 enabling the parties to the 1943 Four-Nation Declaration and France to take action "in relation to any state which during the Second World War has been an enemy of any signatory to the present Charter." After these enemies — in particular Germany and Japan — themselves became...

...an ambiguous provision there. It is not necessary in 1994 to refer in slightly contemptuous language to 'any state which during the Second World War has...an enemy of any signatory of the present Charter' (Articles 53 and 107). It would be possible to clarify the distinction between 'affirmative' and 'concurring'...

...strongly evidences this obsession, particularly in Articles 53 and 107 which justify action against 'any State which during the Second World War has been an enemy of any signatory to the present Charter' if such action is 'taken or authorized ... by the Governments having responsibility...

...including several associated with the inter-American collective security system,5 feared that such taken under regional arrangements or by regional agencies...an enemy of any signatory of the present Charter. Id. art. 53. 4. The Chairman of Committee 4 of Commission III at the San Francisco Conference (which...

...articles 53 and 107 which respectively mention "measures against any enemy state" and "action, in relation to any state which during the Second World War has been an enemy"; and article 106 which mentions "joint action on behalf of the Organization" 1X1 Both Bowett and Kelsen,...