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TABLE 53.—Industrial condition before coming to the United States of foreign-born females who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more females reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign

born.]

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Of 534 females who were 16 years of age or over at the time of coming to the United States, 78.7 per cent were without occupation abroad, 20.2 per cent worked for wages, and less than 1 per cent were working either without wages or for profit. Over 50 per cent of each race reporting were without occupation, while the proportions who were working for wages range from none in the case of the Hebrews to 46.8 per cent of the English. The Hebrews show much higher proportions than the other races who were working without wages and who were working for profit.

The table next presented shows, by race of individual, the occupations before coming to the United States of foreign-born females in the households studied, who were 16 years of age or over at time of arrival in this country.

TABIE 54.-Occupation before coming to the United States, of foreign-born females who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more females reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign

born.]

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Of the 534 females 16 years of age or over at time of coming to the United States, only 20.2 per cent were working for wages. A larger proportion of those working for wages were employed as domestic servants than in any other occupation, while a somewhat less proportion were factory operatives, and very much smaller proportions were farm laborers, in hand trades, and other occupations. Less than 1 per cent were working either without wages or for profit. Of the different races working for wages the Polish shows the largest proportion as farm laborers, and most of the races reporting show none as farm laborers for wages. The Slovaks show the largest proportion working as domestic servants, and the English the largest working in factories or at hand trades.

GENERAL OCCUPATION OF MALES AT THE PRESENT TIME IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The following table shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the general occupation of males 16 years of age or over in the households studied:

TABLE 55.-General occupation of males 16 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual.

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5 .5 9.0 14.9 16.4 5.0 14.9 13.9 7.5 2.0
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66

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.0 10.6 6.1 6.1 27.3 15.2 9.1 18.2 1.5 .0 .0 4.0 12.0 .0 .0 .0 20.0 44.0 8.0

88 1.1 4.5 5.7 6.8 6.8 1.111. 434. 1 6.8 8.0

Italian, North.

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Polish.
Slovak.

Grand total..

Total native-born of foreign

father.

Total native-born..

.0 6.0 2.0 7.0 .5 .0 2.3 .0 1.2 .0 .0 1.5 .0 4.5 .0 .012.0 .0 .0 .0 1.1 3.4 9.1 .0 5.0 25.0 5.030.0 .0 .015.0 .0 15.0 5.0 .0 .0 .0 .4 .9 1.7 1.3 40.6 .4 5.7 24.9 14.4 3.9 .0 .9 .0 4.4 43 2.3 .020.9 9.3 9.3 .0 11.6 16.3 16.3 .0 .0 2.3 .011.6 .0

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1,091

.4 1.4 7.1 7.716.2 4.0 11. 6 22. 514.8 2.4

.4 4.3

.9 4.3 1.9

Total foreign-born..

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Of 1,091 males 16 years of age or over, from whom information was secured in Community A, it is seen that a larger proportion are employed in the manufacture of paper and paper products than in any other industry, while comparatively large proportions are employed in the manufacture of cotton goods, woolen and worsted goods, and in "other industries," and more than 5 per cent are employed in the manufacture of metal products and in building trades; small proportions are engaged in various other industries or in miscellaneous occupations.

GENERAL OCCUPATION OF WOMEN AT THE PRESENT TIME IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

Two tables exhibiting the present industrial status of members of the immigrant households studied are next presented. The first table, which immediately follows, shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the general occupation of females 16 years of age or over in the households studied.

TABLE 56.-General occupation of females 16 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more females reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

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Of 1,125 females 16 years of age or over reporting from Community A, the larger proportion, or 63.1 per cent, are at home, 14.2 per cent are employed in the manufacture of cotton goods, 6.8 per cent and 6.6 per cent are employed in the manufacture of silk goods, respectively, while less than 5 per cent are employed in each of the various industries, trades, etc., specified.

OCCUPATIONS OF FIRST AND SECOND GENERATION COMPARED.

An opportunity of comparing the first and second generation is afforded by the two tables next submitted, the first of which shows, by general nativity and race of father and birthplace of individual, the per cent of males 16 years of age or over in each specified occupa

tion.

TABLE 57.-Per cent of males 16 years of age or over in each specified occupation, by general nativity and race of father and by birthplace of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more males born in the United States and also 20 or more born abroad. The native-born of native father are shown for comparative purposes.]

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Of all males 16 years of age or over included in the preceding table it is seen that, with the exception of those born abroad of German father, the largest proportion are employed in the manufacture of paper and its products-the largest proportion of those excepted being employed in the manufacture of silk goods. Small proportions are engaged in domestic and personal service, general labor, or trade, and those born abroad of Irish fathers show the only proportion engaged in agricultural pursuits, and those born in the United States of German father show the only proportion in professional service. Practically the same proportion of those born in the United States of German fathers, those born abroad of German fathers, and those born in the United States of Irish fathers are engaged in the manufacture of metal products-those born in the United States of native-born fathers showing a smaller proportion so engaged, which is at the same time approximately the same as the proportion of those born abroad of Irish fathers. With the exception of those born abroad of Irish fathers, a comparatively large proportion is shown to be in other industries.

The following table shows, by general nativity and race of father and by birthplace of individual, the percentage of females 16 years of age or over in each specified occupation.

TABLE 58.-Per cent of females 16 years of age or over in each specified occupation, by general nativity and race of father and by birthplace of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more females born in the United States and also 20 or more born abroad. The native-born of native father are shown for comparative purposes.]

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Of the total number of females 16 years of age or over born in the United States whose fathers are native-born whites the preceding table shows that 33.3 per cent are employed in the manufacture of paper and its products; the proportions who are employed in the manufacture of silk goods, engaged in trade, or employed in the manufacture of cotton goods, following in the order named, in smaller proportions, and less than 10 per cent, are engaged in each other specified occupation.

ANNUAL EARNINGS OF MALE HEADS OF FAMILIES STUDIED.

The extent to which the male heads of families studied were regularly employed, together with their average annual earnings, are set forth in the table next submitted. This table shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the proportion of husbands who are at work.

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