TABLE 50.-Persons per sleeping room, by general nativity and race of head of household. The preceding table shows that the average number of persons per sleeping room is 1.70. Of all households, 43.9 per cent show 2 or more persons per sleeping room, 10.2 per cent show 3 or more persons per sleeping room, while 2.3 per cent show 4 or more persons per sleeping room. The foreign-born report the highest average number of persons per sleeping room, followed by the native-born of foreign father and the native-born of native father in decreasing proportions. The foreign-born also show a considerably higher percentage of households having 2 or more persons per sleeping room, the native-born of foreign. father and the native-born of native father following in decreasing ratio. The native-born of native father report the highest percentage of households having 3 or more persons per sleeping room; the foreignborn follow with slightly smaller proportions, while the native-born of foreign father report a comparatively low percentage. The nativeborn of native father report the highest percentage of households having 4 or more persons per sleeping room, native-born of foreign father and foreign-born following in the order named. Of the foreign-born races, the Armenians report the highest percentage of households as having 2 or more and 3 or more persons per sleeping room, and the Danes the lowest percentage of households having 2 or more persons per sleeping room, while German and Irish households, in the order named, show the lowest percentage having 3 or more persons per sleeping room. The Irish alone report a small proportion of households having 4 or more persons per sleeping room. The next table submitted, which is the last of the series, indicates the effect of congestion upon living conditions within the households studied. The table shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the number and percentage of households regularly using all except each specified number of rooms to sleep in. TABLE 51.-Number and per cent of households regularly sleeping in all except each specified number of rooms, by general nativity and race of head of household. The above table shows the average number of rooms per household to be 5.62 and the average number of sleeping rooms per household to be 2.27. Of the total number of households, 4.5 per cent use all except 1 room and 15.5 per cent use all except 2 rooms to sleep in. Families native-born of foreign father report a higher average number of rooms per household than either those native-born of native father or those foreign-born, which follow in the order named. The nativeborn of foreign father also report the highest average number of sleeping rooms per household, followed by the foreign-born and the nativeborn of native father. The foreign-born report a slightly higher percentage of households using all except one room to sleep in than do those native-born of foreign father, while those native-born of native father show a considerably lower percentage of households using all except 1 room to sleep in than either of the two mentioned above. The native-born of native father report the highest percentage of households using all except 2 rooms to sleep in. The foreign-born follow with an only slightly smaller percentage, while the native-born of foreign father show somewhat smaller proportions than do the foreign-born. Of the foreign-born races, the Armenians report by far the highest percentage using all except 1 room to sleep in, English and German households report smaller proportions when contrasted with Armenians, while Danish and Irish report no households using all except 1 room to sleep in. Armenians report the highest percentage using all except 2 rooms to sleep in, the Irish also showing a comparatively high percentage, and the Germans the smallest proportion of households which use all except 2 rooms to sleep in. CHAPTER VI. SALIENT CHARACTERISTICS. Literacy-Conjugal condition-Visits abroad-Age classification of employees and members of their households-[Text Tables 52 to 62 and General Tables 32 to 40]. LITERACY. The general literacy of the employees of the collar and cuff industry is set forth in the two tables which follow, the first of which shows, by sex and general nativity and race, the percentage of employees for whom information was secured who were able to read and percentage who were able both to read and write. TABLE 52.-Per cent of employees who read and per cent who read and write, by sex and general nativity and race. (STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.) [This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.] General nativity and race. Number reporting Per cent who read. Per cent who read and write. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. 96 བའོ 752 100.0 1.472 100.0 A total of 1,472 persons, male and female, reported information as to literacy for the foregoing table. Of that number, 98.9 per cent read and 97.5 per cent read and write. All of the males read, as compared with 98.8 per cent of the females, while 99.4 per cent of the males read and write as compared with 97.3 per cent of the females who can read and write. The native females born of foreign father show larger proportions who can read only and who can read and write than do the females who are foreign-born. The foreign-born males report in numbers too small for computation in percentages. All of the males and females who are native-born of Irish fathers can read and write. All of the white males who are native-born of native father read, and 98.9 per cent of them read and write. Of the white females who are native-born of native father, 99.5 per cent read and 96.7 per cent read and write. The following table shows, by sex and general nativity and race of individual, the percentage of persons 10 years of age or over in the households studied who read, and the percentage who both read and write. 48296°-VOL 11-11- 46 TABLE 53. Per cent of persons 10 years of age or over who read and per cent who read and write, by sex and general nativity and race of individual. (STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.) [This table includes only races with 40 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.) General nativity and race of individual. Native-born of native father, Number reporting Per cent who read. Per cent who read and write. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. The preceding table shows only a slight difference in the percentage of persons who can read and who can both read and write. In each instance the proportion of males is somewhat greater than that of females. Those native-born of foreign father show 100 per cent who are able to read, closely followed by those native-born of native father, while foreign-born show somewhat smaller proportions. The same order is preserved in showing persons who can both read and write. It should be noted that the foreign-born show a slightly higher percentage of males who can read than do the natives born of native father, and also slightly larger proportions of males who can both read and write than do the native-born of native father. Of the foreign-born races Armenians alone show less than 100 per cent of males and females in both classes. The degree of literacy which prevails among persons of foreign birth after designated periods of residence in this country may be seen from the next table presented. This table shows, by years in the United States and race of individual, the percentage of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over who read and the percentage who both read and write. TABLE 54.-Per cent of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over who read and per cent who read and write, by years in the United States and race of individual. (STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.) [By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 40 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.] The preceding table shows that 94.7 per cent of the total number of persons reporting who have been in the United States under five years can read and write; 92.1. per cent with a residence of from five to nine years can read, while only 89.5 per cent who have been in this country from five to nine years can both read and write. All persons who have been in this country ten years or over are able to read and write. The literacy of the foreign-born persons, according to their ages at the time of arrival in this country, is set forth in the table next presented. This table shows the percentage of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over, in the households studied, who could read and the percentage who could both read and write, by race and age of individual at the time of coming to the United States. TABLE 55.-Per cent of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over who read and per cent who read and write, by age at time of coming to the United States and race of individual. (STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.) [This table includes only races with 40 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign born.] The above table shows the percentage of persons who were under 14 years of age at the time of coming to the United States who can read is somewhat higher than the percentage of person who were 14 years of age or over at the time of arriving in this country who can. read. The percentage of persons who were under 14 years of age at the time of arrival who can both read and write is also higher than that of persons who were 14 years of age or over at the time of arrival. English, Germans, and Irish show 100 per cent who can both read and write for both age periods, while Armenians show a somewhat smaller proportion for each age period, the proportions under 14 years of age at the time of arrival in the United States, who can read only and who can both read and write, being somewhat larger than of those who were 14 years of age or over. CONJUGAL CONDITION. The conjugal condition of the employees of the collar and cuff industry is studied in the series of tabulations next submitted. |