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STATUS OF CHILDREN IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The status of children in the households studied may be seen in the following table which shows, by sex and general nativity and race of individual, the per cent of children 6 and under 16 years of age who were at home, at school, and at work:

TABLE 60.-Per cent of children 6 and under 16 years of age at home, at school, and at work, by sex and general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more children reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

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Of the 344 male children for whom complete data were furnished for the foregoing table, 92.7 per cent are at school, 6.1 per cent are at home, and only 1.2 per cent are at work. The differences in proportion for the native-born of foreign father and the foreign-born are not marked, except that none of the foreign-born children are at work, as compared with 1.4 per cent of the native-born of foreign father who are at work. Of the male children who are native-born of foreign father none of the Irish, French Canadian, North Italian, Norwegian, or Swedish children are at home. The proportion of Croatian children in this general nativity group who are at home is larger than that of any other race, it being 16.7 per cent, as compared with 10 per cent of the Finnish and 5.8 per cent of the Poles. All of the male children who are native-born of French Canadian, Irish, North Italian, and Swedish fathers are at school. Slightly more than 94 per cent each of the male children of Norwegian and Polish fathers are at school, as compared with 79.2 per cent of the Croatians and 88 per cent of the Finnish. None of the native-born children of foreign-born French Canadian, Irish, North Italian, Polish, or Swedish fathers are at work. Of the native-born children whose fathers are foreign-born Norwegians 5.6 per cent are at work as compared with 4.2 per cent of the children of Croatian fathers and 2 per cent of the children of Finnish fathers.

Of the 313 female children information for whom is included in the preceding table slightly more than 90 per cent are at school, less than 10 per cent are at home, and less than 1 per cent are at work. A larger proportion of the foreign-born Croatian than of any other females are at home. The proportion is 25 per cent. None of the native-born female children of Irish father and less than 10 per cent of those of North Italian, Norwegian, Polish, or Swedish fathers are at home. All of the native-born female children of Irish fathers are at school, as compared with 95.8 per cent of those whose fathers are Swedes and 95.2 per cent whose fathers are Norwegians. A small proportion of native-born children whose fathers are foreign-born North Italians are the only ones who are at work. The totals are a combination of the foregoing information.

The table next presented makes possible a comparison of the status of the children of native and of foreign birth in the households studied, and shows, according to general nativity and race of father and birthplace of child, the number and percentage of children 6 and under 16 years of age who are at home, at school, and at work.

TABLE 61.-Number and per cent of children 6 and under 16 years of age at home, at school, and at work, by general nativity and race of father and by birthplace of child.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more children born in the United States and also 20 or more born abroad. The native-born of native father are shown for comparative purposes.]

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The purpose of the foregoing table is to compare the first and second generation of children 6 and under 16 years of age of the same race. The Croatian children born abroad show 87 per cent at school and the Croatian children born in the United States 78 per cent.

CITIZENSHIP.

In the Tennessee copper-mining district only 20 foreign-born male employees who had been in the United States five years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming reported their political condition. Of this number 3 were fully naturalized-1 German, 1 Magyar, and 1 Slovak. One German reported having taken out first papers only.

As regards the interest in, and the attainment of, citizenship in the entire district by the operatives of foreign birth, the following table shows by race the present political condition of foreign-born male employees who had been in the United States five years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming to this country:

TABLE 62.-Present political condition of foreign-born male employees who have been in the United States 5 years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming, by race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States.]

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Of the 1,340 male employees information for whom is presented in the preceding table 40.5 per cent are fully naturalized and only 31.4 per cent have taken out first papers. The Germans, of whom 66.7 per cent are fully naturalized, show the largest proportion of citizens. The proportion of second rank is shown by the Swedes, of whom 54.7 per cent are fully naturalized. The English and Finns each show between 40 and 50 per cent who are fully naturalized. Slightly less than 35 per cent of the North Italians are fully naturalized, while the French Canadians and Croatians each show a proportion smaller than that shown by the North Italians. The French Canadians show the largest proportion of persons who have taken out first papers-58.4 per cent. Between 30 and 40 per cent each of the Swedish, English, Finns, and Germans have taken out first papers. The Croatians, of whom only 19.2 per cent have first papers, show the smallest proportion.

The tendency to acquire citizenship after designated periods of residence in this country is set forth in the following table, which shows, by years in the United States and race, the present political condition of foreign-born male employees who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming to the United States:

TABLE 63-Present political condition of foreign-born male employees who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming to the United States, by years in the United States and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 100 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

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Of the total number of males employed in the copper-mining industry who have been in the United States for from five to nine years only 17.9 per cent are fully naturalized, while 34.5 per cent have taken out first papers. Of those who have been here five years or over the English show the largest proportion fully naturalized, also the largest proportion who have first papers only. The smallest proportion in each column is shown by the North Italians. Of those who have lived in this country for ten years or over, 60.7 per cent are fully naturalized and 28.7 per cent have taken out first papers only; 72.2 per cent of the Finns in this period of residence are fully naturalized as compared with 64.7 per cent for the English and 56.5 per cent for the North Italians. In this period of residence the proportion of persons who have first papers only is greater among the

English than any other race. It is 27.3 per cent for the English, as compared with 21.7 per cent of the North Italians and 20.2 per cent of the Finns.

The following table shows by race of individual the present political condition of foreign-born males in the households studied who had been in the United States five years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming to this country:

TABLE 64.-Present political condition of foreign-born males who have been in the United States 5 years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States.]

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Of 284 foreign-born males for whom information was secured, 59.9 per cent are fully naturalized and 25.7 per cent have first papers only. The Poles report the greatest proportion, or 87.1 per cent, who are fully naturalized. The English and Finns follow with 77.3 per cent and 70 per cent, respectively, the North Italians showing slightly less than 60 per cent, and the Croatians 47.1 per cent of males 21 years of age or over at the time of coming to this country who are fully naturalized. The Croatians report over 40 per cent who have first papers only and the North Italians and Finns over 20 per cent. The English show 18.2 per cent and the Poles only 3.2 per cent who have first papers.

ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH.

The table following shows, by sex and general nativity and race of individual, the percentage of persons 6 years of age or over who speak English.

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