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TABLE 46.-Number and per cent of households regularly sleeping in all except each specified number of rooms, by general nativity and race of head of household.

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a Not computed, owing to small number involved.

Of the total number of households, 0.2 per cent regularly use all rooms for sleeping, 22.2 per cent all rooms except 1, and 37.9 per cent all rooms except 2. These figures closely represent the proportions of the foreign-born households, all but 11 of the total 504, being of that class. Of the Magyar households, 3.3 per cent use all rooms for sleeping purposes, 50 per cent all except 1 room, and 46.7 per cent all except 2 rooms. The Croatians and North Italians also show a relatively large proportion sleeping in all rooms except 1 and all rooms except 2, as compared with the total foreign-born group. The Norwegians show the most marked tendency to have more than 2 rooms in which they do not regularly sleep. Only 11.5 per cent of the households of that race use all rooms except 2 and none use all rooms or all rooms except 1.

CHAPTER VI.

SALIENT CHARACTERISTICS.

Literacy-Conjugal condition-Visits abroad-Age classification of employees and members of their households-[Text Tables 47 to 58 and General Tables 32 to 41].

LITERACY.

As regards the literacy of the employees of the copper-mining industry, the series of tables submitted below sets forth not only the degree. of literacy which prevails among them at the present time, but the elements of progress evidenced by the foreign-born employees after their arrival in this country. The first table presented in this connection shows, by general nativity and race, the per cent of male employees who were able to read and per cent who were able to both read and write.

TABLE 47.-Per cent of male employees who read and per cent who read and write, by general nativity and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

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Of a total of 7,045 male employees in the copper-mining industry 94 per cent can read and a somewhat smaller proportion, or 92.4 per cent, can both read and write. The proportions shown by the foreignborn are practically the same as those for the total in both instances, and are somewhat smaller than those shown by the native-born of foreign father and larger than those shown by the native white born of native father. Of the foreign-born races the Norwegian alone shows 100 per cent who can both read and write, and the greater number of other races show more than 90 per cent who can read and both read and write. The French Canadians show the lowest proportion in both groups. In most instances a slightly larger proportion can read than can both read and write. Generally speaking the nativeborn of foreign father show a greater proportion who are literate than the corresponding foreign-born races.

The following table shows, by sex and general nativity and race of individual, the percentage of persons 10 years of age or over in the households studied who read and the percentage who both read and write:

TABLE 48.-Per cent of persons 10 years of age or over, who read and per cent who read and write, by sex and general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

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General nativity and race of

individual.

Native-born of native father,
White..

Native-born of foreign father,

by race of father:

Canadian, French..
Finnish.

Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total.

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20

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Number reporting com-
plete data.

Per cent who read.

Per cent who read and write.

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Italian, North.

Norwegian..

Swedish.

Polish..

Foreign-born:

Canadian, French.

Croatian..

English..

Finnish..

Irish..

Italian, North.

Magyar..

Norwegian..

126

Polish..

Slovenian.

Swedish.

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96.0 98.1

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92.9 100.0 100.0

96.6

Grand total..

984

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49 70.0 116 90.2 87 98.4

84.2 75.5 70.0 89.1 89.7 90.2 100.0 98.9 98.4 100.0 99.5 99.1

84.2 75.5 78.2 84.5

98.1

Equal proportions of the total number of males and females read, 96.5 per cent of the males and 96.1 of the females read and write. Among the native-born of native father 100 per cent of both males and females read and write. Among the native-born of foreign father and the foreign-born a slightly larger proportion of males are literate, but the difference between the literacy of the sexes is very little. Among the specified races, however, there is greater variation in the literacy of the sexes. Among the French Canadians, North Italians, and Polish the proportion of males who read and write is somewhat smaller than the corresponding proportion of females. In addition to these races the English and Finns show a slightly smaller proportion of males who read than of females. The most marked difference in the literacy of males and females is among the French Canadians, Croatians, Magyars, and Irish: The French Canadians have a predominance of females who read and who read and write, the Irish, Croatians, and Magyars have a greater proportion of males who are literate. Both the Irish and French Canadians, it will be noted, have relatively smaller proportions who read and who read and write as compared with the total foreign-born group.

The relation between literacy and period of residence in this country is indicated by the following table. The table shows, by years in the United States and race of individual, the per cent of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over who read, and the per cent who read and write.

TABLE 49.-Per cent of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over who read and per cent who read and write, by years in the United States and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 40 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.}

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Of the total number of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over, the smallest proportion who are literate is in the group who have been in the United States ten years or over, the largest proportion in the group who have been here from five to nine years. There is not, however, any considerable difference between the proportions who are literate in any group. Moreover, among the specified races, there

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