TABLE 167.-Per cent of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over who read and per cent who read and write, by age at time of coming to the United States and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.}

A larger proportion of the persons who were under 14 years of age at time of coming to the United States than of those who were 14 years of age or over can now read. All the Armenians, English, Greeks, Hebrews, South Italians, and Lithuanians who were under 14 at time of coming can now read. The Irish show the smallest proportion, 89.7 per cent. All of the English persons who were 14 years of age or over at time of coming to this country can now read. The smallest proportion among that group is shown by the Greeks, 71.2 per cent.

Of those who were under 14 years of age at time of coming, 96.4 per cent can both read and write, and of those who were 14 or over 77.3 per cent can read and write. In the first group all of the Armenians, English, Greeks, Hebrews, South Italians, and Lithuanians can read and write, and in the second group all of the English can read and write. The Syrians show the smallest proportion of persons who can read and write of those who were under 14 at time of coming to this country and the Lithuanians show the smallest proportion of those who were 14 years of age or over at time of coming.

CONJUGAL CONDITION.

The table next presented shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the percentage of male employees 20 years of age or over who were in each conjugal condition.

TABLE 168.-Per cent of employees 20 years of age or over in each conjugal condition, by sex and general nativity and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.}

Among the employees 20 years of age or over for whom information was secured, 61.9 per cent of the males and 36.7 per cent of the females are married, and 4.7 per cent of the males and 12.9 per cent of the females are widowed. The proportion of married employees, both males and females, and the proportion of widowed females, is largest for those native-born of native father, second largest for the foreign-born, and smallest for those who were native-born of foreign father. The proportion of widowed males is largest for the nativeborn of native father, second in rank for the native-born of foreign father, and smallest for the foreign-born. Among the foreign-born, the Canadians, other than French, English, and French Canadians, in the order mentioned, have the largest and the Russian Hebrews and Irish the smallest proportions of married males, and the English, South Italians, and North Italians, in the order mentioned, have the largest and the Russian Hebrews and Irish the smallest proportions of married females.

The following table further classifies the figures of the one preceding and shows the percentage of employees in each conjugal condition, by sex and general nativity and race, and by age groups:

TABLE 169.-Per cent of employees in each conjugal condition, by sex and age groups, and by general nativity and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 200 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

Native-born of native fa-
ther, White...

Native-born of foreign fa-
ther, by country of
birth of father:
Canada...
Ireland..

Foreign-born, by race:
Canadian, French..
Canadian, Other..
Hebrew, Russian..
Italian, South..

Grand total.......

Total native-born of for

eign father

Total native-born..

Total foreign-born..

332 50.0 47.6 2.4 456 18.6 75.0 6.4 268 5.681.013. 4 1,056 25. 267.9 6.9

TABLE 169.-Per cent of employees in each conjugal condition, by sex and age groups, and by general nativity and race-Continued.

Information concerning the conjugal condition of 2,900 males is contained in the above table. Of that number 61.9 per cent are married, less than 5 per cent are widowed, and 33.4 per cent are single. The proportion of married males is greater among those who are 45 years of age or over than in any other age group. The smallest proportion of married persons is among those who are from 20 to 29 years of age. In each specified age group the proportion of married persons is greater among the foreign-born than it is among the nativeborn of foreign father. Of those who are from 20 to 29 years of age the native whites, born of native father, show the largest proportion 48296°-VOL 12-11

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of married males. Of the foreign-born races the Russian Hebrews show the largest proportion of married males and the South Italians show the smallest proportion. None of the foreign-born Russian Hebrews are widowed and less than 5 per cent of the foreign-born males of any other race, in this age group, are in that conjugal condition. Of the males who are from 30 to 44 years of age, the Russian Hebrews show a larger proportion married than any other race. The proportion is 90 per cent and none of that race are widowed. Of the foreign-born races, the French Canadians show the smallest proportion of married males in this age group. Of the males who are 45 years of age or over, no race shows less than 80 per cent who are married. The South Italians show the largest proportion and those native-born whose fathers were born in Ireland the smallest. Of the 1,282 females included in the above table, slightly more than 50 per cent are single, 12.9 per cent are widowed, and only 36.7 per cent are married. The proportion of married females is greater in the age group of 30 to 44 years than in any other. In each age group the foreign-born show a proportion that is decidedly larger than the proportion shown by the native-born of foreign father. Of the foreignborn females who are between the ages of 20 and 29 years, the French Canadians and South Italians, each of whom show 30 per cent as married, show the largest proportions. None in these two races are widowed. Just 58.8 per cent of the Canadian, other than French, females who are between the ages of 30 and 44 are married, as compared with 45 per cent of the French Canadians. The total tabulations show, in general, the same tendencies that are manifested by the foregoing. Of the total number of males and females combined, 54.2 per cent are married and 7.2 per cent are widowed. The proportion of married persons is greater among those who are 45 years of age or over than in any other age group, those who are between the ages of 20 and 29 years of age showing the smallest proportion.

In the table next presented the percentage of persons in the households studied in each conjugal condition is shown by sex, age groups, and by general nativity and race of individual.