The following table shows, by locality and by sex, the race of employees for whom information was secured:

TABLE 7.-Race of employees for whom information was secured, by locality and by ser.

TABLE 7.-Race of employees for whom information was secured, by locality and by sex— Continued.

In preparing the data for publication, geographical distinctions were observed and separate tabulations for the employees were made for the Middle West and the East in order that working conditions in the two sections might be compared. The States included in the first division are Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Wisconsin, while New York and Pennsylvania make up the second. The three main divisions of the report, therefore, are:

Part I. General survey of the industry as a whole.-This section consists of a statistical survey of the entire industry based on the data obtained from employees and households without regard to geographical lines.

Part II. General survey of the industry in the Middle West.-This section is a statistical review of employees in the Middle West, together with a detailed study of a representative agricultural implement and vehicle manufacturing community.

Part III. General survey of the industry in the East. This section embraces a study of employees in the States of New York and Pennsylvania.

In the case of each section, historical and descriptive data dealing with working conditions and racial displacements have been added.

CHAPTER II.

RACIAL DISPLACEMENTS.

History of immigration-Period of residence in the United States of foreign-born employees and members of their households-Racial composition of employees at present time [Text Tables 8 to 15 and General Tables 4 and 5].

HISTORY OF IMMIGRATION.

This table shows the total persons engaged in the manufacture of agricultural implements in 1880, by country of birth:

TABLE 8.-Number of persons engaged in the manufacture of agricultural implements, by country of birth, 1880.

Of the 4,891 employees studied in the above table, 3,255, or 66.5 per cent of the total were born in the United States. Of the foreignborn, 33.6 per cent were born in Germany, 27.3 per cent in Sweden and Norway, and from 6.6 to 13.9 per cent in British America, Great Britain, and Ireland, respectively.

This table shows the total number of persons engaged in the manufacture of agricultural implements in 1890, by general nativity and country of birth:

TABLE 9.-Number of persons engaged in the manufacture of agricultural implements, by general nativity and country of birth, 1890.

In the above table 1,509 of the 3,755 employees studied are foreign whites, 1,431 native whites of native parents, and 700 native whites of foreign parents. There are only 115 negroes in the industry.

With 40.2 per cent of the total number foreign-born and 38.1 per cent native-born of native parents, it would seem that the employees have been essentially American in their makeup, but that the foreign element is now supplanting them.

Of the foreign-born employees, 27.3 per cent were born in Sweden and Norway, 26.8 per cent in Germany, 19.6 in Ireland, and from 2.4 to 5.6 per cent were born in Canada (English), Denmark, Canada (French), and Great Britain, respectively. Of the total, 11.6 per cent were born in unspecified countries.

PERIOD OF RESIDENCE IN THE UNITED STATES OF FOREIGN-BORN EMPLOYEES AND MEMBERS OF THEIR HOUSEHOLDS.

An insight into the racial movements to the industry is set forth in the series of tabulations next presented, which show the period of residence in the United States of foreign-born employees and members of their households. Length of residence in this country and period of employment in the industry are not necessarily the same, but are sufficiently approximate to indicate the character of recent and past immigration to the plants engaged in the manufacture of agricultural implements and vehicles. The table first submitted, which immediately follows, shows, by sex and race, the per cent of foreign-born employees who had been in the United States each specified number of years:

TABLE 10.-Per cent of foreign-born employees in the United States under 1 year, 1 year, 2 years, etc., by sex and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]