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hold the possession of any real estate under foreclosure of mortgage, or the title and possession of any real estate purchased to secure any debts due to it, for a longer period than five years.

Sec. 727. DURATION OF CHARTER.-The charters for incorporations named in this subchapter may be made perpetual, or may be limited in time by their provisions, subject to the approval of Congress.

Sec. 728. CAPITAL STOCK.-The capital stock of every such company shall be at least one million dollars, and at least fifty per centum thereof must have been paid in, in cash or by the transfer of assets as hereinafter provided in section seven hundred and thirty-five of this subchapter, before any such company shall be entitled to transact business as a corporation, except with its own. members, and before any company organized hereunder shall be entitled to transact the business of a trust company, or to become and act as an administrator, executor, guardian of the estate of a minor, or undertake any other kindred fiduciary duty, it shall deposit, either in money or in bonds, mortgages, deeds of trust, or other securities equal in actual value to one-fourth of the capital stock paid in, with the Comptroller of the Currency, to be kept by him upon the trust and for the purposes hereinafter provided; and the said Comptroller may from time to time require an additional deposit from any such company, to be held upon and for the same trust and purposes, not exceeding, however, in value one-half the paidin capital stock; and the said Comptroller shall not issue to any corporation the certificate heretofore provided for until said deposit with him of securities required by this section. Within one year after the organization of any corporation under the provisions of this subchapter, or after any corporation heretofore existing shall have availed itself of the powers and rights given by this subchapter in the manner herein provided for, its entire capital stock shall have been paid in.

Sec. 729. SHARES.-The capital stock of every such company shall be divided into shares of one hundred dollars each. It shall be lawful for such company to call for and demand from the stockholders, respectively, all sums of money by them subscribed, at such time and in such proportions as its board of directors shall deem proper, within the time specified in section seven hundred and twenty-eight, and it may enforce payment by all remedies provided by law; and if any stockholder shall refuse or neglect to pay any installment, as required by a resolution of the board of directors, after thirty days' notice of the same, the said board of directors may sell at public auction to the highest bidder so many shares of said stock as shall pay said installment, under such general regulations as may be adopted in the by-laws of said company, and the highest bidder shall be taken to be the person who offers to purchase the least number of shares for the assessment due.

Ib., sec. 713.

32 Stat., 590; 29

Sec. 730. ANNUAL REPORTS TO COMPTROLLER.-Every D. C. App., 265. such company shall annually, within twenty days after the first of January of each year, make a report to the Comptroller of the Currency, which shall be published in a newspaper in the District, which shall state the amount of capital and of the proportion actually paid, the amount of debts, and the gross earnings for the year ending December thirty-first then next previous, together with their expenses, which report shall be signed by the president and a majority of the directors or trustees, and shall be verified by the oath of the president, secretary, and at least three of the directors or trustees; and said company shall pay to the District of Columbia, in lieu of personal taxes for each next ensuing year, one and onehalf per centum of its gross earnings for the preceding year, shown by said verified statement, which amount shall be payable to the collector of taxes at the times and in the manner that other taxes are payable.

Sec. 731. LIABILITY OF TRUSTEES.-If any company fails to comply with the provisions of the preceding section, all the directors or trustees of such company shall be jointly and severally liable for the debts of the company then existing and for all that shall be contracted before such report shall be made: Provided, That in case of failure of the company in any year to comply with the provisions of section seven hundred and thirty of this subchapter, and any of the directors shall, on or before January fifteenth of such year, file his written request for such compliance with the secretary of the company, the Comptroller of the Currency, and the recorder of deeds of the District of Columbia, such director shall be exempt from the liability prescribed in this section.

Sec. 732. FALSE SWEARING.-Any willful false swearing in regard to any certificate or report or public notice required by the provisions of this subchapter shall be perjury and shall be punished as such according to the laws of the District of Columbia. Any misappropriation of any of the money of any corporation or company formed under this Act, or of any money, funds, or property intrusted to it, shall be held to be larceny, and shall be punished as such under the laws of said District.

Sec. 733. STOCK PERSONAL ESTATE.-The stock of such company shall be deemed personal estate, and shall be transferable only on the books of such company in such manner as shall be prescribed by the by-laws of the company; but no shares shall be transferable until all previous calls thereon shall have been fully paid, and the said stock shall not be taxable in the hands of individual owners, the tax on the gross earnings of the company herein before provided being in lieu of other personal tax. All certificates of the stock of any company organized under this subchapter shall show upon their face the par value of each share and the amount paid thereon.

Sec. 734. LIABILITY OF STOCKHOLDERS.-All stockholders of every company incorporated under this subchapter, or availing itself of its provisions under section seven hundred and twenty-five, shall be severally and individually liable to the creditors of such company to an amount equal to and in addition to the amount of stock held by them respectively for all debts and contracts. made by such company.

Sec. 735. STOCK TO BE PAID UP IN MONEY ONLY.Nothing but money shall be considered as payment of any part of the capital stock, except that in the case of any company now doing business in the District of Columbia in any of the classes herein provided for, or under any act of Congress, or by virtue of the laws of any of the States, and which company has actually received full payment in money of at least fifty per centum of the capital stock required by this act, and which company desires to obtain a charter under this act, all the assets or property may be received and considered as money at a value to be appraised and fixed by the Comptroller of the Currency: Provided, That all such assets and property are also transferred to and are thereafter owned by the company organized under this act.

Sec. 736. NUMBER OF TRUSTEES.-The stock, property, Ib., sec. 713. and concerns of such company shall be managed by not less than nine nor more than thirty directors or trustees, who shall, respectively, be stockholders, and at least onehalf residents and citizens of the District of Columbia, and shall, except the first year, be annually elected by the stockholders at such time and place and after such published notice as shall be determined by the by-laws of the company, and said directors or trustees shall hold until their successors are elected and qualified.

Sec. 737. OFFICERS.-There shall be a president of the company, who shall be a director, also a secretary and a treasurer, all of whom shall be chosen by the directors or trustees: Provided, That only one of the above-named offices shall be held by the same person at the same time. Subordinate officers may be appointed by the directors or trustees, and all such officers may be required to give such security for the faithful performance of the duties of their offices as the directors or trustees may require.

Sec. 738. BY-LAWS.-The directors or trustees shall Ib., sec. 713. have power to make such by-laws as they deem proper for the management or disposal of the stock and business affairs of such company, not inconsistent with the provisions of this subchapter, and prescribing the duties of officers and servants that may be employed, for the appointment of all officers, and for carrying on all kinds of business within the objects and purposes of such company.

Sec. 739. DIVIDENDS.-If the directors or trustees of any company shall declare or pay any dividend the payment of which would render it insolvent, or which would

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create a debt against such company, they shall be jointly and severally liable as guarantors for all the debts of the company then existing, and for all that shall be thereafter contracted while they shall, respectively, remain in office.

Sec. 740. If any of the directors or trustees shall object to declaring such dividends or the payment of the same, and shall at any time before the time fixed for the payment thereof file a certificate of their objection in writing with the secretary of the company and with the recorder of deeds of the District, they shall be exempt from the liability prescribed in the preceding section.

Sec. 741. LIABILITIES EXCEEDING ASSETS. -If the liabilities of any company shall at any time exceed the amount of the fair cash value of the assets, the directors or trustees of such company assenting there to shall be personally and individually liable for such excess to the creditors of the company, after the additional liability of the stockholders has been enforced.

Sec. 742. EXECUTORS, AND SO FORTH, HOLDING STOCK.— No person holding stock in such company as executor, administrator, guardian, or trustee shall be personally subject to any liability as stockholder of such company, but the estate and funds in the hands of such executor, administrator, guardian, or trustee shall be liable in like manner and to the same extent as the testator or intestate or the ward or the person interested in such trust fund would have been if he had been living and competent to act and hold the stock in his own name.

Sec. 743. INCREASE OF CAPITAL STOCK.-Any corporation which may be formed under this subchapter may increase its capital stock by complying with the provisions of this subchapter to any amount which may be deemed sufficient and proper for the purposes of the corporation.

Sec. 744. COPY OF CERTIFICATE TO BE EVIDENCE.-A copy of any certificate of incorporation filed in pursuance of this subchapter, certified by the recorder of deeds to be a true copy and the whole of such certificate, shall be received in all courts and places as presumptive legal evidence of the facts therein stated.

Sec. 745. NO BOND TO BE REQUIRED WHEN COMPANY APPOINTED EXECUTOR, AND SO FORTH, EXCEPT, AND SO FORTH. No bond or other collateral security, except as hereinafter stated, shall be required from any trust company incorporated under this subchapter for and in respect to any trust, nor when appointed trustee, guardian, receiver, executor, or administrator with or without the will annexed, collector, committee of the estate of a lunatic or idiot, or other fiduciary appointment; but the capital stock subscribed for or taken, and all property owned by said company and the amount for which said stockholders shall be liable in excess of their stock, shall be

taken and considered as the security required by law for the faithful performance of its duties, and shall be absolutely liable in case of any default whatever; and in case of the insolvency or dissolution of said company, the debts due from the said company as trustee, guardian, receiver, executor, administrator, collector, or committee of the estate of lunatics, idiots, or any other fiduciary appointment shall have a preference.

Sec. 746. BOND MAY BE REQUIRED.-The supreme court of the District of Columbia, or any justice thereof, shall have power to make orders respecting such company whenever it shall have been appointed trustee, guardian, receiver, executor, administrator with or without the will annexed, collector, committee of the estate of a lunatic, idiot, or any other fiduciary, and require the said company to render all accounts which might lawfully be made or required by any court or any justice thereof if such trustee, guardian, receiver, executor, administrator with or without the will annexed, collector, committee of the estate of a lunatic or idiot, or fiduciary were a natural person. And said court, or any justice thereof, at any time, on application of any person interested, may appoint some suitable person to examine into the affairs and standing of such companies, who shall make a full report thereof to the court, and said court, or any justice thereof, may at any time, in its discretion, require of said company a bond with sureties or other security for the faithful performance of its obligations, and such sureties or other security shall be liable to the same extent and in the same manner as if given or pledged by a natural person.

Sec. 747. CORPORATIONS ORGANIZED UNDER STATE LAWS.-No corporation or company organized by virtue of the laws of any of the States of this Union and having its principal place of business within the District of Columbia shall carry on in the District of Columbia any of the kinds of business named in this subchapter without strict compliance in all particulars with the provisions of this subchapter for the government of such corporations formed under it, and each one of the officers of the corporation or company so offending shall be punished by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars or imprisonment not exceeding one year, or by both fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of the court.

Sec. 748. RIGHT TO AMEND OR REPEAL RESERVED TO CONGRESS.-Congress may at any time alter, amend, or repeal this subchapter, but any such amendment or repeal shall not, nor shall the dissolution of any company formed under this subchapter, take away or impair any remedy given against such corporation, its stockholders, or officers for any liability or penalty which shall have been previously incurred.

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