The table shows an average of 2.46 persons per sleeping room in the 17,141 households investigated, there being an average of 2.53 persons per sleeping room in the households the heads of which were foreign-born, 2.25 in those the heads of which were native-born negroes, 1.99 in those the heads of which were native-born of foreign father, and 1.84 in those the heads of which were native-born whites of native father.

In the households the heads of which are of the several foreignborn races, it is seen that in those the heads of which are Bulgarians, Mexicans, Macedonians, Croatians, and Roumanians the average number of persons per sleeping room is over 3, and in the households the heads of which are of each other race, except Armenian, Danish, English, French, Irish, Syrian, and Turkish, the average number is over 2; the average number in the households the heads of which are of each of the races excepted above being over 1. In the households the heads of which were native-born of foreign father, the average number of persons per sleeping room ranges from 2.57, in those the head of which were native-born of Polish parentage, to 1.81 in those the heads of which were native-born of English parentage. That section of the table which gives the per cent of households having each specified number of persons per sleeping room shows 77 per cent of the 17,141 households as having 2 or more, 36.9 per cent as having 3 or more, 14.6 per cent as having 4 or more, 5.6 per cent as having 5 or more, and 2.2 per cent as having 6 or more persons per sleeping room. Of the households the heads of which are of each nativity group, it is seen that those the heads of which were foreign-born show the largest proportion having each specified number of persons per sleeping room, except 5 or more or 6 or more, where those the heads of which were native-born negroes show the largest proportion. The households the heads of which were nativeborn whites of native father show the smallest proportion having each specified number of persons per sleeping room, except 4 or more, where those the heads of which were native-born of foreign father show the smallest proportion. Of the households the heads of which are of the several foreign races, those the heads of which are Croatians, Finns, Mexicans, Russians, Slovaks, and Slovenians are the only ones 5 per cent of which have 6 or more persons per sleeping room; and less than 10 per cent of the households the heads of which are of each race, except Bulgarian, Croatian, Finnish, Mexican, Roumanian, and Slovak, have 5 or more persons per sleeping room. The households the heads of which are of the races excepted in the statement immediately preceding are the only ones 25 per cent of which have 4 or more persons per sleeping room, and also the only ones, with the addition of those the heads of which are Magyars, Russians, and Ruthenians, 50 per cent of which have 3 or more persons per sleeping room. The proportion of households which have 2 or more persons per sleeping room ranges from 97.6 per cent of those the heads of which are Mexicans, to 35 per cent of those the heads of which are Danish.

The effect of crowding within the households upon the living and sleeping arrangements is exhibited in the next table, which shows,

by general nativity and race of head of household, the number and per cent of households regularly sleeping in all except each specified number of rooms:

TABLE 57.-Number and per cent of households regularly sleeping in all except each specified number of rooms, by general nativity and race of head of household.

a Not computed, owing to small number involved.

Not including 1 household not reporting number of sleeping rooms.
Not including 3 households not reporting number of sleeping rooms.

A small proportion of the households the heads of which were foreign-born, as can be seen from the preceding table, use all rooms for sleeping purposes, this tendency being especially noticeable in the case of the Bulgarian households, 63.3 per cent of which use all rooms for sleeping purposes. Of the Ruthenian households 12.1 per cent, 10.3 per cent of the Slovenian, and 16.4 per cent of the Greek households sleep in all rooms. Of the total number of households the heads of which were foreign-born, 35.1 per cent use all except one room for sleeping quarters, this practice being much more prevalent among the households of Southern and Eastern Europeans than among those of the races from Great Britain and Northern Europe. Of the total native-born, less than 1 per cent of the households use all rooms for sleeping purposes, and only 10.2 per cent sleep in all except one room. Practically the same situation exists among the households the heads of which were immigrants from Great Britain and Northern Europe as that shown for the households the heads of which were of native birth.

CHAPTER VI.

SALIENT CHARACTERISTICS.

Literacy-Conjugal condition-[Text Tables 58 to 61 and General Tables 38 to 46].

LITERACY.

The following table shows, by sex and general nativity and race of individual, the per cent of persons in the households studied 10 years of age or over who were able to read and the per cent who were able to both read and write:

TABLE 58.-Per cent of persons 10 years of age or over who read and per cent who read and write, by sex and general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

a Not computed, owing to small number involved.