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agents, servants, or employees, any interest in any business referred to in clause (a) or (b) above, or unless

(3) Any interest in such business of manufacturing or preparing livestock products, or in such marketing business is owned or controlled, directly, or indirectly, through stock ownership or control or otherwise, by himself or through his agents, servants, or employees, by any person engaged in any business referred to in clause (a) or (b) above, or unless

(4) Any person or persons jointly or severally, directly or indirectly, through stock ownership or control or otherwise, by themselves or through their agents, servants, or employees, own or control in the aggregate 20 per centum or more of the voting power or control in such business of manufacturing or preparing livestock products, or in such marketing business and also 20 per centum or more of such power or control in any business referred to in clause (a) or (b) above. (Aug. 15, 1921, sec. 201, 42 Stat. 160; 7. U. S. C.. sec. 191.) 395. Unlawful practices enumerated. It shall be unlawful for any packer or any live-poultry dealer or handler to:

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(a) Engage in or use any unfair, unjustly discriminatory, or deceptive practice or device in commerce; or

(b) Make or give, in commerce, any undue or unreasonable preference or advantage to any particular person or locality in any respect whatsoever, or subject, in commerce, any particular person or locality to any undue or unreasonable prejudice or disadvantage in any respect whatsoever; or

(c) Sell or otherwise transfer to or for any other packer or any live poultry dealer or handler, or buy or otherwise receive from or for any other packer or any live poultry dealer or handler, any article for the purpose or with the effect of apportioning the supply in commerce between any such packers or live poultry dealers or handlers, if such apportionment has the tendency or effect of restraining commerce or of creating a monopoly in commerce; or

(d) Sell or otherwise transfer to or for any other person, or buy or otherwise receive from or for any other person, any article for the purpose or with the effect of manipulating or controlling prices in commerce, or of creating a monopoly in the acquisition of, buying, selling, or dealing in, any article in commerce, or of restraining

commerce; or

(e) Engage in any course of business or do any act for the purpose or with the effect of manipulating or controlling prices in commerce, or of creating a monopoly in the acquisition of, buying, selling, or dealing in, any article in commerce, or of restraining commerce; or

(f) Conspire, combine, agree, or arrange with any other person (1) to apportion territory for carrying on business in commerce, or (2) to apportion purchases or sales of any article in commerce, or (3) to manipulate or control prices in commerce; or

(g) Conspire, combine, agree, or arrange with any other person to do, or aid or abet the doing of, any act made unlawful by subdivision (a), (b), (c), (d), or (e). (Aug. 15, 1921, sec. 202, 42 Stat. 161; Aug. 14, 1935, sec. 503; Public, 272, 74th Cong.; 7 U. S. C., sec. 192.) 396. General procedure before Secretary for violations; complaint; hearing; intervention; report and order; service of process.-(a) Whenever

the Secretary has reason to believe that any packer has violated or is violating any provision of this title, he shall cause a complaint in writing to be served upon the packer, stating his charges in that respect, and requiring the packer to attend and testify at a hearing at a time and place designated therein, at least thirty days after the service of such complaint; and at such time and place there shall be afforded the packer a reasonable opportunity to be informed as to the evidence introduced against him (including the right of cross-examination), and to be heard in person or by counsel and through witness, under such regulations as the Secretary may prescribe. Any person for good cause shown may on application be allowed by the Secretary to intervene in such proceeding, and appear in person or by counsel. At any time prior to the close of the hearing the Secretary may amend the complaint; but in case of any amendment adding new charges the hearing shall, on the request of the packer, be adjourned for a period not exceeding fifteen days.

(b) If, after such hearing, the Secretary finds that the packer has violated or is violating any provisions of this title covered by the charges, he shall make a report in writing in which he shall state his findings as to the facts, and shall issue and cause to be served on the packer an order requiring such packer to cease and desist from continuing such violation. The testimony taken at the hearing shall be reduced to writing and filed in the records of the Department of Agriculture.

(c) Until a transcript of the record in such hearing has been filed in a circuit court of appeals of the United States, as provided in section 204 [7 U. S. C., sec. 194], the Secretary at any time, upon such notice and in such manner as he deems proper, but only after reasonable opportunity to the packer to be heard, may amend or set aside the report or order, in whole or in part.

(d) Complaints, orders, and other processes of the Secretary under this section may be served in the same manner as provided in section 5 of the Act entitled "An Act to create a Federal Trade Commission, to define its powers and duties, and for other purposes ", approved September 26, 1914 [15 U. S. C., sec. 45]. (Aug. 15, 1921, sec. 203; 42 Stat. 161; 7 U. S. C., sec. 193.)

397. Conclusiveness of order; appeal and review; temporary and final injunction.-(a) An order made under section 203 [7 U. S. C., sec. 193] shall be final and conclusive unless within thirty days after service the packer appeals to the circuit court of appeals for the circuit in which he has his principal place of business, by filing with the clerk of such court a written petition praying that the Secretary's order be set aside or modified in the manner stated in the petition, together with a bond in such sum as the court may determine, conditioned that such packer will pay the costs of the proceedings if the court so directs.

(b) The clerk of the court shall immediately cause a copy of the petition to be delivered to the Secretary, and the Secretary shall forthwith prepare, certify, and file in the court a full and accurate transcript of the record in such proceedings, including the complaint, the evidence, and the report and order. If before such transcript is filed the Secretary amends or sets aside his report or order, in whole

or in part, the petitioner may amend the petition within such time as the court may determine, on notice to the Secretary.

(c) At any time after such transcript is filed the court, on application of the Secretary, may issue a temporary injunction restraining, to the extent it deems proper, the packer and his officers, directors, agents, and employees, from violating any of the provisions of the order pending the final determination of the appeal.

(d) The evidence so taken or admitted, duly certified and filed as aforesaid as a part of the record, shall be considered by the court as the evidence in the case. The proceedings in such cases in the circuit court of appeals shall be made a preferred cause and shall be expedited in every way.

(e) The court may affirm, modify, or set aside the order of the Secretary.

(f) If the court determines that the just and proper disposition of the case requires the taking of additional evidence, the court shall order the hearing to be reopened for the taking of such evidence, in such manner and upon such terms and conditions as the court may deem proper. The Secretary may modify his findings as to the facts, or make new findings, by reason of the additional evidence so taken, and he shall file such modified or new findings and his recommendations, if any, for the modification or setting aside of his order, with the return of such additional evidence.

(g) If the circuit court of appeals affirms or modifies the order of the Secretary, its decree shall operate as an injunction to restrain the packer, and his officers, directors, agents, and employees from violating the provisions of such order or such order as modified.

(h) The circuit court of appeals shall have exclusive jurisdiction to review, and to affirm, set aside, or modify, such orders of the Secretary, and the decree of such court shall be final except that it shall be subject to review by the Supreme Court of the United States upon certiorari, as provided in section 240 of the Judicial Code, if such writ is duly applied for within sixty days after entry of the decree. The issue of such writ shall not operate as a stay of the decree of the circuit court of appeals, insofar as such decree operates as an injunction, unless so ordered by the Supreme Court.

(i) For the purposes of this title the term "circuit court of appeals ", in case the principal place of business of the packer is in the District of Columbia, means the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia. (Aug. 15, 1921, sec. 204, 42 Stat. 162; 7 U. S. C., sec. 194.)

398. Punishment for violation of order.-Any packer, or any officer, director, agent, or employee of a packer, who fails to obey any order of the Secretary issued under the provisions of section 203 [7 U. S. C., sec. 193], or such order as modified

(1) After the expiration of the time allowed for filing a petition in the circuit court of appeals to set aside or modify such order, if no such petition has been filed within such time; or

(2) After the expiration of the time allowed for applying for a writ of certiorari, if such order, or such order as modified, has been sustained by the circuit court of appeals and no such writ has been applied for within such time; or

(3) After such order, or such order as modified, has been sustained by the courts as provided in section 204 [7 U. S. C., sec. 194]: shall on conviction be fined not less than $500 nor more than $10,000, or imprisoned for not less than six months nor more than five years, or both. Each day during which such failure continues shall be deemed a separate offense. (Aug. 15, 1921, sec. 205, 42 Stat. 163; 7 U. S. C., sec. 195.)

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TITLE III.-STOCKYARDS

399. "Stockyard owner", "stockyard services", "market agency", dealer ", defined.-When used in this Act

(a) The term "stockyard owner" means any person engaged in the business of conducting or operating a stockyard;

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(b) The term "stockyard services means services or facilities furnished at a stockyard in connection with the receiving, buying or selling on a commission basis or otherwise, marketing, feeding, watering, holding, delivery, shipment, weighing, or handling, in commerce, of live stock;

(c) The term "market agency" means any person engaged in the business of (1) buying or selling in commerce livestock at a stockyard on a commission basis or (2) furnishing stockyard services; and

(d) The term "dealer" means any person, not a market agency, engaged in the business of buying or selling in commerce livestock at a stockyard, either on his own account or as the employee or agent of the vendor or purchaser. (Aug. 15, 1921, sec. 301, 42 Stat. 163; 7 U. S. C., sec. 201.)

400. "Stockyard" defined; posting yards subject to act.-(a) When used in this title the term "stockyard" means any place, establishment, or facility commonly known as stockyards, conducted or operated for compensation or profit as a public market, consisting of pens, or other inclosures, and their appurtenances, in which live cattle, sheep, swine, horses, mules, or goats are received, held or kept for sale or shipment in commerce. This title shall not apply to a stockyard of which the area normally available for handling livestock, exclusive of runs, alleys, or passageways, is less than twenty thousand square feet.

(b) The Secretary shall from time to time ascertain, after such inquiry as he deems necessary, the stockyards which come within the foregoing definition, and shall give notice thereof to the stockyard owners concerned, and give public notice thereof by posting copies of such notice in the stockyard, and in such other manner as he may determine. After the giving of such notice to the stockyard owner and to the public, the stockyard shall remain subject to the provisions of this title until like notice is given by the Secretary that such stockyard no longer comes within the foregoing definition. (Aug. 15, 1921, sec. 302, 42 Stat. 163; 7 U. S. C., sec. 202.)

401. Registration of stockyard dealer or market agency; penalty for failure to register.-After the expiration of thirty days after the Secretary has given public notice that any stockyard is within the definition of section 302 [7 U. S. C., sec. 202], by posting copies of such notice in the stockyard, no person shall carry on the business of a market agency or dealer at such stockyard unless he has registered

with the Secretary under such rules and regulations as the Secretary may prescribe, his name and address, the character of business in which he is engaged and the kinds of stockyard services, if any, which he furnishes at such stockyard. Whoever violates the provisions of this section shall be liable to a penalty of not more than $500 for each such offense and not more than $25 for each day it continues, which shall accrue to the United States and may be recovered in a civil action brought by the United States. (Aug. 15, 1921, sec. 303, 42 Stat. 163; 7 U. S. C., sec. 203.)

402. Duty as to services; State weighing.-It shall be the duty of every stockyard owner and market agency to furnish upon reasonable request, without discrimination, reasonable stockyard services at such stockyard: Provided, That in any State where the weighing of livestock at a stockyard is conducted by a duly authorized department or agency of the State, the Secretary, upon application of such department or agency, may register it as a market agency for the weighing of livestock received in such stockyard, and upon such registration such department or agency and the members thereof shall be amenable to all the requirements of this Act; and upon failure of such department or agency or the members thereof to comply with the orders of the Secretary under this Act he is authorized to revoke the registration of such department or agency and to enforce such revocation as provided in section 315 of this Act [7 U. S. C., sec. 216]. (Aug. 15, 1921, sec. 304, 42 Stat. 164; May 5, 1926, 44 Stat. 397; 7 U. S. C., sec. 205.)

403. Rates and charges generally; discrimination.-All rates or charges made for any stockyard services furnished at a stockyard by a stockyard owner or market agency shall be just, reasonable, and nondiscriminatory, and any unjust, unreasonable, or discriminatory rate or charge is prohibited and declared to be unlawful. (Aug. 15, 1921, sec. 305, 42 Stat. 164; 7 U. S. C., sec. 206.)

404. Schedule of rates; filing and exhibition; change in rates; suspension; penalties.-(a) Within sixty days after the Secretary has given public notice that a stockyard is within the definition of section 302 17 U. S. C., sec. 202], by posting copies of such notice in the stockyard, the stockyard owner and every market agency at such stockyard shall file with the Secretary, and print and keep open to public inspection at the stockyard, schedules showing all rates and charges for the stockyard services furnished by such person at such stockyard. If a market agency commences business at the stockyard after the expiration of such sixty days such schedules must be filed before any stockyard services are furnished.

(b) Such schedules shall plainly state all such rates and charges in such detail as the Secretary may require, and shall also state any rules or regulations which in any manner change, affect, or determine any part or the aggregate of such rates or charges, or the value of the stockyard services furnished. The Secretary may determine and prescribe the form and manner in which such schedules shall be prepared, arranged, and posted, and may from time to time make such changes in respect thereto as may be found expedient.

(c) No changes shall be made in the rates or charges so filed and published, except after ten days' notice to the Secretary and to the public filed and published as aforesaid, which shall plainly state the

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