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CHAP. VII.

CHARLES 1.-THE PARLIAMENT.-THEIR NEW ARRANGEMENTS IN THE UNIVERSITY, AND EJECTION OF THE ROYALISTS,

JAMES left his dying injunctions to his son, Charles I. to pursue his course in all ecclesiastical and disciplinarian matters. True to this injunction, in favour of the University, Charles, on the 4th of March, 1629, sent from Newmarket, where he then resided, injunctions, orders, and directions, which contained, among some other regulations, that all his father's orders at any time sent to the University should be duly observed, and put in execution; but he invested the University with no new powers.

These injunctions were sent to Cambridge at a time when Charles was engaged in the most serious disputes with his Parliament, which, at length, breaking out into civil war, overspread, like a storm, the whole country. The storm reached Cambridge; the University sided with the King; several of the colleges sent him their plate and money; and when the King's party was overpowered, his University friends shared in the defeat",

In 1641, when the Parliament had shewn a design of abolishing episcopacy, the University addressed them in

a Dr. Parris's MS. Extracts.

Querela Cantabrigiensis,

the most humble manner, in favour of their privileges and possessions, in April 1641, in Latin, and in the May following, in English.

The House gave the subject an hearing, and Dr. Hacket, formerly Fellow of Trinity College, and then. Bishop of Litchfield and Coventry, made an elaborate defence of those ancient foundations; but it did not produce the desired effect.

The following is the English address a:

To the Honourable the Knights, Citizens, and Burgesses of the House of Commons in Parliament assembled.

The humble Petition of the University of Cambridge,

Sheweth,

"That your Petitioners having heard of divers suggestions offered to this Honourable House, by way of remonstrance, tending to the subversion of cathedral churches, and alienation of those lands, by which they are supported, being the ancient inheritance of the church, founded and bestowed by the religious bounty of many famous and renowned kings and princes of this land, and other benefactors, both of the clergy and laity, and established and confirmed unto them by the laws of this kingdom, and so accordingly have been employed, to the advancement of learning, the encourage

From Mr. Robert Smyth's MS.

ment of students, and preferment of learned men, besides many other very charitable uses.

"May it please this Honourable Court, out of their great wisdom and tender care for the cherishing of learning and furthering of the studies and pains of those who have and do devote themselves to the service of the church, graciously to protect and secure those religious foundations from ruin and alienation; and withal to take order that they may be reduced to the due observance of their statutes, and that all innovations and abuses, which have, by some miscarriages, crept in, may be reformed; that so the students of our University, which, by the present fears, both are and will be much sadded and dejected, may be the better invited to pursue their studies ; and the places themselves disposed to the most serviceable and deserving men, according to their first institution; and your Petitioners, as in duty bound, shall ever pray."

March 4, 1642, The Earl of Holland, Chancellor of the University, represented further, in the House of Lords, the alarms and apprehensions of the University, when the Lords in Parliament ordered, that the colleges, chapels, libraries, schools, and other buildings of the said University, should experience no outrage or violence; and the Earl of Essex, in March 7, 1642, had given order, to the same effect, to all colonels, lieutenant-colonels, captains, and all other officers under his command. But the storm soon took a most violent direction.

The University had, as already observed, sent their

a Querela Cantabrigiensis. Preface.

plate to the King, partly for its security, and partly to supply the royal necessities: and the Parliament issued a command, entitled an Ordinance for regulating the University of Cambridge, &c. with full powers to eject such Masters and Fellows of colleges as opposed the proceedings of Parliament. Accordingly, numerous persons, both Masters, Fellows, and Students of colleges, viz. such as refused to take the covenant, as it was called, were ejected. After which, I might here speak, of a military quartered in the colleges; of libraries and treasures ransacked; of chapels dishonoured; of service books torn to pieces in the University church; of pictures and prints burnt in the marketplace; of coins removed; of bridges, groves, and woods, cut down a.

To fill the places of the ejected Masters and Fellows, such persons were appointed as in general approved the measures of Parliament, and a Committee for the reformation of the University was appointed in 1650: from that time, Oliver Cromwell had for several years a strong party in the University, hearty approvers of his measures, both at home and abroad'; but these

a Querela Cantabrigiensis, p. 13.

b See the OLIVA PACIS, ad illustrissimum celcissimumq. Oliverum, Reipublicæ Ang. Scot. & Hib. Dominum Protectorem, de Pace, cum fœderatis Belgis, feliciter sancitâ: Carmen Cantabrigiense. Cambridge, 1654. The principal writers were, Dr. Seaman, Master of Peter House, Vice-chancellor; Dr. Arrowsmith, Master of Trin. Col. and Reg. Professor of Divinity; Dr. Tuckney, Master of St. John's; Dr. Whichcot; Dr. Cudworth, Master of Clare Hall; Dr. Dillingham, Master of Emmanuel; Dr. Duport, Greek Professor, of King's; Dr. Worthington, of Jesus, Editor of Mr. Joseph Mede's Works; Francis Fane, Armiger, Emman. &c.

It is certain, that many of Oliver's party wished to make him

matters were transient; and as his mandates were, by a grace passed by the University a, blotted out of the register books, I shall not enter on these subjects here.

King; and there is in print a remarkable dialogue between him and one who espouse his cause on the subject; of which I am reminded here, by some Greek lines, signed I. V. T. C. Socius, in the Oliva Pacis. They begin

and end

Καιρ ̓ Αγίλων Βασιλευ, (τόσα δέδρακες, ηδε μενοινας,
Ου θεμιτον τατίειν τουνομα μικροτερον.)

Ο τως πασ σοι λαος επευφημήσει αυσας,
Ουκ αγαθον πολυκοιρανίη εις κοιρανος εςω.

Apr. 27, 1661. De Mandatis Oliveri ex Registro delendis.

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