the aid of the foot. When the mortice is headed down at one end, to its proper depth, the chissel is turned the half of a revolution, by the aid of a spring and movable box n, and again confined, by a spring, in a proper position, and the timber is caused to retrace its course, and the mortice is completed to a uniform depth, and headed down at the other end; and, on turning it over, the chips will either drop out, or may be easily picked out, as the chissel is so constructed, with side cutters, as to cut at both sides, as well as at the end; and therefore the mortice is not only perfectly true, or uniform in its sides, but also smooth, or free from splinters, arising from cross grain, as is frequently the case in the ordinary mode of morticing. to be morticed is laid. It may be raised or n, The box and thumb-spring, by which o, The spring-pole, (shown in part,) which acts upon the lever h, and of course the slide and chissel which are connected with it. e It will be readily perceived that, by pressing the foot-board down to C, the chissel will be brought down in a perpendicular line near to the top of the rest ; and it may be repeated an hundred times a minute, and thereby cut a mortice three inches or more k, A back board or fence, which serves in depth, and six to twelve inches in length, according to the wood, in a minute.—[Ed. to keep the timber parallel. 1, The rest or bench, on which the timber M. M.] AN ACT TO INCORPORATE THE HARLÆM RIVER CANAL COMPANY.} Passed April 16, 1827. Be it enacted by the People of the State of New-York, represented in Senate and Assembly: 1. That Peter Embury, Richard Riker, and such other persons as now are, or hereafter may be associated with them, be, and they hereby are constituted and created a body corporate and polític, in fact and in name, by the name of " the Harlem River Canal Company," and by that name, they and their successors and assigns shall and may have continual succession, and may sue and be sued, defend and be defended, in all manner of suits and actions, in all courts and places whatsoever, and that they and their successors may have a common seal, and may change and alter the same at pleasure; and also, that they and their successors, by the same name and style, shall be in law capable of purchasing, holding and conveying any estate, real or personal, for the use of the said corporation: Provided, That the real estate so to be holden, shall be such as the said company shall purchase and obtain by voluntary transfer, to be used in and about the construction of the said canal, and the works connected there. with. It is said that the Prussian Government has renounced its opposition to Railroad Companies. The subscriptions on the Exchange at Stettin amounted, in one day, to 800,000 rix dollars (3,300,000fr.,) and was immediately closed; but as the whole expense of the road to Stettin is estimated at 2,000,000 rix dollars, in order to complete this sum, a subscription is to be opened at Berlin. Dr. Bowring, M. P., with M. G. Thomas, and Capt. Pringle, R. E., have come to Pa. ris, as a deputation, for the purpose of obtaining the co-operation of the French Government in a plan for uniting by a grand railroad the three capitals of France, England, and Belgium. It is understood that the Governments of all these countries look upon the project with the most kindly eyes, and are desirous of lending it their cordial support. When accomplished, the journey from Paris; in 11 hours from Brussels; to London will be performed in 13 hours and from Paris to Brussels in about seven hours. Elisha W. King, Charles H. Hall, John Watts, William R. Smith, Alexander Hamilton, William P. Hawes, Henry D. Sewall, William S. Smith, Stephen Richards, Aaron Sergeant, and William W. Todd, shall be the first directors, and shall hold their offices until the fourth Monday of April, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty-eight, and until others shall be chosen; and that the major part of said directors shall form a board for the transaction of business. 3. And be it further enacted, That if at any time it should hap pen, that an election of directors should not be made on the day when, pursuant to this act, it ought to have been made, the said corporation shall not for that cause, or for any non-user, be deemed to be dissolved, but that it shall and may be lawful, on any other day, to hold an election of directors. 4. And be it further enacted, That the said corporation shall have full right, power and authority to cut, construct and make a canal, in the twelfth ward of the city of New-York, from Spitendeuvel creek to Harlæm river, from and to such points and places as the said directors shall deem most expedient and advantageous; and such number of basins, connected therewith, as may be necessary; and to improve the navigation of Harlæm river, so as to afford to vessels, boats and other freighting craft, which shall traverse the land, canal and river, a secure and easy navigation from the said Spitendeuvel creek to and along the Harlæm river into the East river; and it shall also be lawful for the said corporation to invest such sums as they may deem expedient, in the building, purchase and employment of steam or other freighting boats, to be used in navigating the said canal and Harlem river, and the waters adjacent, and therewith connected; and also to purchase, build or hire houses, factories, ware-houses, wharves and other necessary buildings for the use of said corporation, and to sell or lease the whole or any part of the above mentioned property as they may think conducive to the interests of the said incorporation: Provided, That the said company shall not take any land against the consent of the owner or own. ers, and shall not break ground in the excavation of the said canal or canals, or basins, without the approbation of the Corporation of the city of New-York, first had and obtained under their corporate seal. 2. And be it further enacted, That the stock, property and affairs of the said corporation shall be managed by thirteen directors, to be elected from the stockholders, (one of whom to be president) who shall hold their offices for one year, and until others shall be elected, in their stead; and that the directors of the said company, after the term of the first board thereof shall have expired, shall be elected on the fourth Monday of April in each and every year, at such time of the day, and at such place, as the directors for the time being may appoint; and public notice shall be given by the said directors, not less than fourteen days previous to the time of holding the said election, in at least two of the public newspapers printed in the city of New-York; and the said election shall be held under the inspection of three stockholders, not being directors, to be appointed by the board of directers; and such election shall be by ballot, and by a plurality of votes of the stockholders present, or their proxies, allowing one vote for every share of stock; and if it shall happen at any election that two or more persons have an equal number of votes, so that no choice shall have been made as to such person or persons, then the said stockholders, herein before authorised to vote at such election, shall proceed by ballot a second time, and by a plurality of votes determine which of the said persons so having an equal number of votes, shall be the director or directors, so as to complete the whole number of twelve; and the said direct-holding such subscription; and that in case of the death or refuors, as soon as may be after the election, shall proceed to elect by ballot one of their number, to be their President; and if any vacancy shall be occasioned in the board, by resignation, death, or otherwise, the same shall be filled for the remainder of the year in which it may happen, by such person or persons as the remainder of the directors for the time being, or the major part of them, shall appoint; that Richard Riker, Benjamin Bailey, 5. And be it further enacted, That the capital stock of the said company shall be five hundred thousand dollars, to be divided into shares of fifty dollars each; and that it shall be lawful for the directors to call and demand from the stockholders respectively, all such sums of money by them subscribed, at such time and in such proportion, as they shall see fit: and that Richard Riker, Elisha W. King and Charles H. Hall shall be commissioners, for opening books and receiving subscriptions to said stock; and shall give thirty days notice of the time and place of sal to act, of any or either of the said commissioners, that the directors for the time being, shall and may appoint any one or more persons, as commissioners to supply the vacancy or vacancies occasioned by such death or refusal to act as aforesaid: and that if any stockholder or stockholders, so subscribing, shall neglect to make such payment as the said directors, on public notice of thirty days, may call for and demand, for ten days after the 6. And be it further enacted, That the directors for the time being, shall have power to make such by-laws, rules and regula tions as shall appear needful and proper, touching the manage. ment and disposition of the stock, property, estate and effects of the said corporation, the rate and manner of collecting tolls and fares, with power to appoint such and so many officers, clerks and servants for carrying on the business of the said corporation, and such allowances and salaries as to them shall seem meet and proper. 7. And be it further enacted, That if any person or persons shall wilfully do or cause to be done any act whatsoever, whereby the said canal, basins and works, or any matter or thing appertaining to the same, shall be impaired or injured, the person or persons so offending shall forfeit and pay to the said company treble the amount of damages sustained by means of such offence or injury, to be recovered by said company, with costs of suit, and by action of debt, in the supreme court of judicature of this State, which action shall, in every instance, be considered transitory in its nature, and may be triable in any county of this State. 8. And be it further enacted, That it shall not be lawful for the said corporation to employ any part of its capital in banking, nor shall it issue any bond, bill, note of credit, check, draft, or other obligation for the purpose of loaning the same; nor shall it use any power not expressly granted by this act, or any power not necessary to affect the object of the incorporation; and that any violation of this section shall be deemed a forfeiture of the privileges and rights of such corporation. 9. And be it further enacted, That the stock of said corporation shall be deemed and considered personal estate, and shall be assignable and transferable, and that no transfer of such stock shall be valid until the same shall have been duly assigned and transferred in and upon a book to be kept for that purpose, by the president of said corporation, which book shall be closed ten days previous to every election, and no transfer of stock shall entitle the person to election, unless the same shall have been transferred at least ten days previous to any such election. 10. And be it further enacted, That this act shall be deemed a public act; and shall be benignly and favorably construed for all the purposes therein declared and expressed, in all courts and places whatsoever. 11. And be it further enacted, That the term of two years from the passing of this act be, and it is hereby allowed for constructing said canal, and no more; and should said canal not be made within said period, then this act shall be deemed to have expired, and to be void to all intents and purposes. PAN OR TEACHE. 12. And be it further enacted, That the stockholders shall jointly and severally be liable for the debts and demands against the said company, to the amount of the stock held by each stockholder: Provided, That no suit shall be brought against any stockholder or stockholders until thirty days after such debt or demand shall have been demanded from the said corporation. 13. And be it further enacted, That the Legislature may, at any time, alter or amend this act. 66 AN ACT TO AMEND AND EXTEND THE ACT ENTITLED AN Passed May 13, 1836. The People of the State of New-York represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows: § 1. The act entitled "An act to incorporate the Harlem River Canal Company," passed 16th April 1827, is hereby revived and continued and the time limited by said act for constructing said canal shall be extended to the term of five years from the passing of this act. §2. Charles Henry Hall, Francis Fickett, Richard Riker, William Beach Lawrence, Lewis Morris, James R. Whiting, J. Green Pearson, Isaac Adriance, Jonathan B. Hall, Joseph G. Swift, Benson McGowan, Benjamin F. Carman, and Joseph E. Bloomfield, shall be the first directors, and shall hold their offices until the fourth Monday in April one thousand eight hundred and thirty-seven, and until others shall be chosen. §3. The company are hereby authorised to extend their capital to the sum of seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars. § 4. Section twelfth of the former act is hereby repealed; but the said corporation shall not purchase, hold, or possess docks, wharves, ware-houses, or any other real estate exceeding in amount the sum of two hundred thousand dollars. § 5. Every thing in the act hereby revived, inconsistent with the provisions of this act, is hereby repealed. § 6. But persons residing upon, or owning lands bounded upon Harlem River, or Spitendeuvel Creek, shall at all times have the liberty of passing through the locks or works of said company, with their ordinary farm boats, to and from New-York market, or pleasure boats, free from toll or other charges. §7. This corporation shall continue for fifty years, and the Legislature may at any time alter and amend this act. Secretary's Office. I have compared the preceding with an original act of the Legislature on file in this office, and do certify that the same is a correct transcript therefrom, and of the whole of said original. ARCH'D. CAMPBELL, Albany, May 13, 1836. Dep. Secretary. DR. URE'S PATENT CORRUGATED SUGAR-ner pan. H shows the level of the bath-inverted over the open top of the safetyliquor about two-thirds up the side corruga-pipe of the drum D. The edges of the basin tions. A is a bent pipe, three inches wide, rest on 3 iron props, and dip an inch deep, The pan is made of cast-iron, and is dou. for connecting the space between the pans, or thereby, into some water poured round ble. Between the outer case, which is even-with an iron drum D, called the condenser. them, in the upper space of the drum. This ly, and the inner one which is corrugated Any watery vapor which may occasional- arrangement forms a water-valve, which into a double surface, there is a space for ly exhale from the bath, when overforced allows air or steam to pass freely to and containing a liquid medium, which is unal- by fire, rises freely up the pipe A, and is from the bath space between the pans, but terable by the fire in any length of time, condensed into water in D. The water at the same time cuts off the open commuand serves as a bath to transmit a sufficient thus condensed is quite pure, and is allow-nication between the external atmosphere heat to boil the syrup very quickly, but in- ed to trickle slowly down through the stop- and the bath liquor. This liquor consists of a tercepts the scorching temperature which cock F into the funnel beneath it, from strong solution of caustic potash, and may turns it into molasses. The sugar, therefore, which it runs back into the bottom of the be preserved any number of years in a percannot be burned in the inner pan, and the medium through the pipe B, and thus pre- fect state for sugar-boiling, by this plan of fire need never be extinguished, as at pre- serves the boiling pitch of the medium al- seclusion from the open air. Should the sent, when a skip is struck. Thus, much ways at the requisite temperature. The body of medium after a long time absorb so time, labor, and fuel, are saved. The pan best heat of the medium for boilng sugar much carbonic acid or fixed air, as to immay be set up by any bricklayer, at the end quickly without discoloration has been pair its action as a bath, it may be easily of the ordinary range of coppers in a colo- found to be from 300 to 310 degrees of Fah-made caustic again, and thus restored to its nial sugar-house, where the finishing renheit's thermometer, but it may vary a few original state, by boiling it for half an hour teache now stands; or it may be worked by degrees up or down without inconvenience. in a copper with half a hundred weight of a separate fire at the pleasure of the plant- The temperature of the bath may be made fresh slaked quick lime, and six times its er, and may have the spare heat of its flue higher or lower, at the pleasure of the bulk of water. This lime-mixture being applied to the clarifier-coppers. boiler. By merely preventing some of the allowed to settle a night in the large copper Fig. 1 is a section of the double pan water that exhales into the condenser Din which it was boiled, must be ladled off Being as tight as a bottle, and without from returning into the bottom of the bath, into smaller copper in successive portions, seams or jomts it is not liable to leak, like the temperature is raised; and by pour and boiled down till its boiling pitch rises to pans made of copper, which must be riveting slowly a little more water into the bath 290 degrees, or thereby. The copper should ted or brazed. G is the vacant space be- through the pipe B, the temperature is low-be partially covered with boards during this tween the two pans for the play of the ered. A few quarts of water added make a boiling up, and whenever the liquor is conbath-liquor during the time of skipping, difference of several degrees in the heat of centrated enough, the copper should be when no evaporation is going on in the in- the bath. E is a light basin of cast iron closely covered with boards or mats, till th charge-pipe, to be made use of only on fin ishing crop, when the medium ought to be run off into an iron drum, where it would remain free from the influence of the atmosphere till the following season. DD represents the circle of fire-bricks upon which the patent pan is seated.] Fig. 3 represents more clearly the action of the dampers, as previously shown. These are placed betwixt the patent pan and the second of the range. A and B are the two dampers, equal in weight, and consequently of easy adjustment. When the dampers are furthest apart, the patent pan is receiving the full influence of the fire, but as they approach each other the flame is sucked more rapidly through the diminished orifice, and is in consequence allowed less contact with the bottom of the patent pan. By these means the fierceness of the fire, as applicable to the patent pan, may be completely controlled, without the least waste of fuel; for while little of the heat is acting upon the patent pan, more is made available to the other pans of the range. The medium is carefully prepared under the superintendence of the patentee, in a laboratory fitted up on purpose, and is sent out in a state ready for use, in an iron drum-tank, packed in a cask. The orifice of the tank is closed with a screwed iron plug, having a lead-washer under its flange. On taking out this plug with a common screw-wrench, the medium must be poured by portions into a stone or metal pitcher, and thence into the bath-space between the pans; the discharge-hole at the bottom of the pan having been previously closed tightly with its screwed pipe, and flange with lead-washer. At the other end of this short pipe there is a stop-cock, which is never to be opened but when the bath-liquor is to be drawn off at any vacant period, for the purpose of making it caustic again after some years' use. This stop-cock should in general be incased in brick-work or mortar, to screen it from idle fingers. The bath-liquor is corrosive to skin aud wood and should not be put into wooden vessels or much handled; if a little happens to touch the fingers, it may be washed away with a little water. Should some of the medium be found to be congealed, the bottom of the open tank may be plunged in boiling water for a little, or surroundthe water may be poured into it through Bed with blazing cane-trash, and half a galin the former case, or a little of the conden- lon of hot water may be poured in to wash sed water in D, allowed to run to waste, out the remainder. by the stop cock in F, in the second Should the junction of the outer and inner pans, at their brims above, become in the least open at any time, they may be made secure again, by packing them with iron cement, made of ground iron borings sal-ammoniacs, well mixed, in the proportion of six pounds of the former to one ounce of the latter, and very slightly damped with water. The flange A, of the bent pipe, is made The condensing-drum D, must be propped water-tight to the brim of a pan by a lead-in its proper position, while its being fixed washer, and is fixed down firmly with on to the brim of the pan by the screw-bolts screw bolts, having square heads. The of the flange A. When the pan is briskly funnel-pipe B, with the lengthening piece for at work, both stop-cocks for regulating the introducing water into the bottom of the medium may be shut, and slightly opened medium for regulating the temperature of the only when the pan is charged afresh with bath, is fixed in its place by a union-joint syrup; or the stop cocks after a little practice, When fire is first applied to the pan, after screw turned by a screw-key or wrench. may both be left always slightly opened, the proper charge of medium has been inThe thermometer tube-case has a flange, whereby the pan will become self-acting, troduced into it, the progressive heating of with lead-washer at C, by which it may be by the circulation of a little vapor into the the bath must be carefully observed by screwed tight into its aperture. Into this tube condenser, and a return of it in the state of means of the thermometer, standing in the which is shut bottom, an inch or two of quick water to the bottom of the bath. Water quicksilver tube C. It the temperature rises silver is to be poured, or sufficient for cover- poured on the surface of the dense medium to 290 degrees, or thereby, the pan is ready ing the bulb of the thermometer. This quick does not incorporate with it, and therefore without discoloration. A charge of such silver lying always in the tube, takes the tem- has little or no effect upon its temperature. syrup may be boiled off into good sugar, by perature of the medium, and immediately Fig. 2 is a section of the patent pan when the patent teache, in half an hour, and into imparts it to the thermometer, on dipping its set as the first of the range. A is the flue fine syrup for shipment home, in half that open end down into the bottom of the quick-leading to the other pans. BB, the shuttle- time. At the instant of running off the silver. The thermometer, after some ex-valve, or dampers of fire-brick, by means granulating skip into the cooler, the firing perience in boiling with the pan, need only of which the orifice of the flue may be low- should be suspended, and resumed as soon be used occasionally, as in the morning ered when required; thereby allowing the as the fresh charge of syrup is introduced. and afternoon. It shows at once, whether flame to have less contact with the bottom The pans have a shelving brim, to which the bath is too hot or too cool, so that a lit" of the patent pan. C is the medium dis-the usual sloping saddle of lead or mortar For some time after beginning to use the pan, it is proper to look every two or three days into the state of the bath, and to measure the depth at which it stands. This is conveniently done, at any interval of the boiling, by unscrewing the quicksilver pipe C, lifting it perpendicularly up, and noting how high the wet mark of the medium is. If it corresponds with about the middle height of the side corrugations, all is right; if it shows the medium to stand lower, a few gallons may be poured in from the spare tank. Too much medium is not advisable, as it merely heats the sides of the pan above the level of the granulated skip, and as it leaves too little space for the free play of the medium exposed to a fierce and fluctuating fire. I I pying your valuable columns with much I fear that you will accuse me of occutrivial matter; but as far as the preservation, or rather representation, of fishes and reptiles is worthy of consideration, I think that the "preservers" will be benefitted by this communication. cement may be most conveniently adapted, || colorato e barbaresco."-" In London we linseed oil, and painted it from nature, so for allowing the juice to froth up without can sell the regular things; but here (in the as to be, to all intents and purposes, a facboiling over. The bath is a constant mag-country,) we must have the colored and simile. Secondly, I skinned the fish, took a azine of heat, by which the hot syrup is barbarous." By-the-bye, I will remark, cast, and then drew the skin over the cast. made to boil briskly immediately after its that the Italian did not mean to attach the Thirdly, I made the cast from the unskinintroduction, so that not an instant is lost epithet of "barbarous" to the colored, mere-ned fish, then skinned it, and drew the skin in the operation of a sugar house. This ly as colored; though I do not mean to say over the cast. The only difficulty I had pan is also more easily managed than the that he was actually aware of the fact of was with the skin of the head, but that is simple teache, as it cannot by possibility the ancients, both Greeks and Romans, of no consequence, and it might be overburn the juice, the fierceness of the fire painting the statues of their gods and god- come after three days' application. But by merely agitating the bath for a little, without desses to the natural hues, and clothing painting the cast the most perfect fac-simile affecting the quality of the sugar. When them in garments according to the most is produced, both in form and color; and there is no syrup in the corrugated pan, the approved fashion of the day. the latter will not be liable to the changes medium should not be forced with a strong I should think that there can be little doubt and blackening which occurs to the varfire, as having no evaporable liquor to trans- but that the contemplation of, and the draw-nished skins of fishes. fer its heat to, it might possibly boil up a ing from, good statues or casts, is far more little into the condenser. Even in this case efficacious in infusing a right knowledge of no evil could result, since the moment that design ino the student, as well as good taste the fire becomes moderate, or that fresh syr.and judgment in the public, than engravup is put into the inner pan, the drop of ings, drawings, or paintings, can possibly be. medium which may have been forced up mean, that cæteris paribus, the diffusion into the condenser D, can be run back into of good statues or casts will have a far its proper place, through the stop-cock F, greater effect in a community than an equal and subjacent funnel-pipe. Another word or two on a subject condiffusion of engravings and paintings. The facilities, however, which occur in the dis- nected with the preservation of stone and semination of the latter, through the innu- roofs, &c. The stone of which the Church of St. Peter's, at Rome, is constructed, is merable publications which are now accompanied by wood cuts or superior engravings, vertino, formed by an agglomeration of a calcareous, stalictitious stone, called Tramust give it the lead in the power of gene- bushes, leaves, roots, and some shells, by ral instruction to a community. Speaking of castings in plaster of Paris, means of a calcareous fluid by which the will mention a circumstance which. I dare this formation may be observed in all its whole is fossilised. The very process of say most of your readers will feel aware of, various stages of progression and complewhich is, the very imperfect representations of fishes exhibited in museums and collection, on the road to Tivoli, about twelve miles from Rome. This is an interesting tions of natural history, when the stuffed skins of the animals are given as something like topic, but I must only allude to it in order unto the originals. When we look upon the to introduce the Travertino, which I have stuffed and varnished skin of fishes we have to represent as rather liable to honeycombs. never seen alive or dead, the faults in the These honeycombs when they occurred in representation do not strike us; but let any terraces, &c., on the vast surface of the the surface of any of the steps, copings, one look at the preserved specimens of cod, soles, salmon, pike, trout, &c., with the top of St. Peter's Church, were usually very phisiognomy of which he is quite fa- filled with melted pitch or some kind of cemiliar, and he will surely require the aid of ment; but the great heat of the sun, comthe name affixed to the specimen in order bined with the action of the air and water, to recognise his old acquaintance! Not soon melted, decomposed, and dissipated one of the stuffed fishes of the collections these fillings in. In 1804, I recommended bear any greater resemblance to the real the application of melted sulphur into al, animals, than a stocking stuffed with hay honeycombs, cracks, crevices, and junctions Sir,-Upon reading your judicious testi-or wool would have any anatomical resemin the stone or clinkers, which constitute mony before the Committee of the House of blance to the leg of a human being! The the top and pavements of St. Peter's Church Commons on Arts and Manufactures, I was transformations of the stuffer are truly lu- which, in extent and appearance, is very struck with a passage (p. 189, 642d No.) dicrous. But it is not his fault; it is the much like a small town or fortress. The wherein you most appositely remark on the process, which is entirely inadequate to the sulphur was universally applied; and up to "wretched prints," and "still more wretch- purpose. Birds, and some animals with 1815, I had frequent ocular proofs that it ed stucco images," with which this country long hair, such as bears, &c., may be tole- was no more affected by the sun or atmosis inundated by the itinerant Italian hawk-rably well represented through the art of Phere, than would have been so much pure ers. A great portion of the plaister of Pagold. To this, I will only add, that from ris casts are good, and in good taste; but subsequent experiments I have found, that the prints are all, without exception, the by the addition to the sulphur of a small most wretched that it is possible to conceive quantity of iron filings, a very hard sulphuit possible to execute. Many of the plaister ret of iron, or artificial pyrites is produced. casts, too, are as bad as the prints; and Copper, or brass filings would probably your remarks on this head brought to my produce an analogous result. recollection a circumstance which tallies most opportunely with them. From the London Mechanics' Magazine. I have read, with very great satisfaction, in your last number, Mr. Thomas S. Mackintosh's Electrical Theory of the Universe, to which I take the liberty of soliciting the particular attention of your philosophical readers. I shall venture to offer some remarks upon it next week. Meantime, I have the honor to be, Sir, your obedient servant, F. MACERONI. stuffing, &c. But has any one seen a stuffed horse? I have, at Paris and elsewhere; and, unfortunately, our eyes are so familiar to the "noble presence,' "" and to every beautiful swell and turn of the limbs and muscles of that noble animal, that the specimens I allude to, although executed by the first artists of the line in the world, might almost be mistaken for apes, or even Some ten years ago, walking in the coun- cows, but for want of the ears and horns try in company with a gentleman of exten. But I am too prolix in the introduction of sive knowledge, and the most correct taste, the trifle I have to present to such of your we met an Italian lad bearing his board of readers as are fond of fish and fishing, images, most of which were of that horri- which has been my only diversion for many ble sort of rubbish most prized in country years. I have been in the habit of catching places-all daubed with paint, red, yellow, pike of 10, 12, and 20 lbs. weight; trout of blue, and black. My friend asked the Ital. 7, 10, and 11 lbs.; and in Italy, fish of much ian how he could possibly think of selling larger size. I was for some time in the such ugly things, and how he could look on habit of preserving a drawing of the best From the following article, we are much them without being sick? The Italian's fish, by laying them on paper and taking pleased to find that the Champlain and St. reply exactly tallied with that which you, the outline, an exact fac-simile as far as Mr. Editor, gave to the Committee: No that went. I then attempted to stuff some Lawrence Railroad promises to answer all doubt they consulted the taste of their cus. of them, but succeeded no better than the expectations. Mr. Casey deserves great tomers." He said, "Ugly, do you say? gentlemen of the museums. I then thought||credit, for having erected a work as yet unYes, they are ugly; but some people's do of taking a cast in plaster of Paris of the injured-having stood the test of one of like them for to be ugly!" and added, in fish, which I executed in more ways than Italian, “In Londra, possiamo vendere le one, all equally satisfactory. First, I took the severest winters that may ever be ex, cose regolare; ma in campagna, ci vuole ita cast of the fish, and then saturated it with pected. work at the termination of the road. No one, unless acquainted with the nature | Eaton & Robertson for two, twenty-four of the ground, can form any conception of passenger cars, and with Messrs. Eaton & the severe stress upon the pins and other the road, and which by late accounts from Gilbert for two, sixteen ditto, complete for that place are being finished in a style of elegance worthy of the establishments from which they will emanate, and no doubt with the view of extending their high reputation to this country. The inexperience of the Canadian people in such matters, is an impediment of no small consequence, unknown, of course, in the United States. We wish Mr. Casey equal success in all his works, though we cannot but feel jealous that our Canadian neighbors should secure to themselves so promising a member of the profession. From the Report, in this day's paper, of the Committee of Management of the Cham. plain and St. Lawrence Railroad Company, it will be seen that every thing connected with that undertaking is in a highly forward and promising state, and that there is every prospect of the Railway being in operation in July. We think, with our contemporary the Gazette, that "the opening of the Rail way will be one of the proudest days in the annals of Lower Canadian improvement." -[Morning Courier.] It is most gratifying to state, that the wharf at Laprairie, after undergoing an ordeal of no ordinary nature, remains uninjured in the slightest degree, thus justifying the high terms of commendation made use of in the Report which we had the honor to submit at the last half-yearly meeting. The work upon the station house at Laprairie, was recommended on the 13th April, and completed, as far as practicable for the present, on the 3d instant. The work also upon the station house at St. John's, is now rapidly progressing. The state of the graduation of the road is matter of much congratulation to the stockholders, for our Engineer reports, and we use his own words. "That the admirable state of the banks will not only facilitate all our operations this year, but is a At a meeting of the Stockholders of the guarantee that the superstructure will hereChamplain and St. Lawrence Railroad after suffer little, if any, derangement from Company, held on Monday last, the follow-the frost. All streams and discharges have ng Report of the proceedings since the last half yearly meeting, was submitted, approved, and ordered to be printed :— been uncommonly high this year, and two or three small culverts will be added to aid the passage of the water across the road, The Committee of Management of the this is all the extra work required." The Champlain and St. Lawrence Railroad, beg Engineer also states, that about 1200 feet of to submit to the Stockholders of the Com- the timber superstructure has been laid pany a Report of the progress of the under- down ready to receive the iron, and that the taking, since they had the honor of address-workmen employed in this branch improve daily in expertness. ing them on the 14th of December last. Shortly after the period just mentioned, contracts were entered into by the Commissioners of the Company, for preparing all the materials required for the superstructure of the Road, and also for the distribution of the same, when completed, together with the iron along the line of road, and we are happy to state that notwithstanding the unfavorable weather for such work during the past winter, the Commissioner reports that these several contracts have all been regularly fulfilled, and the various materials for completing the road now lie along the line, ready prepared to be put down thereon. Contracts were entered into with the Messrs. Wards, early in the winter, for the completing of twelve, and the castings of eight freight cars, together with a variety of castings of iron works for turn-outs, splicing plates, &c. &c., all of which are rapidly progressing, (the splicing plates being completed, and in a great measure distributed along the line.) A locomotive ordered in September last, and made by Stephenson of Liverpool, who ranks among the first in this department of engineering, was to be shipped, say our correspondents, about the end of March, and may be expected among the first vessels; the Company have been most fortunate in the seasonable execution of this order, sa well as in that for the iron, which the present high price of that material will clearly testify. The superior style in which passenger cars are got up in the city of Troy, in the United States, together with the inexperience of the mechanics in this city in the construction of such carriages, induced the Committee to send the Engineer of the Company, Mr. Casey, to Troy in January last, who entered into contracts with Messrs, We have much pleasure in stating, that the steamboat building by Mr. Lindsay, to run in connexion with the Railroad, will be ready to launch in a day or two, and as the contract with the Messrs. Wards for the engine was entered into as early as the 1st December last, there is every reason to suppose the boat will be ready to take her station upon the ferry about the 10th July. It now only remains for us to state, that the reports of the Engineer and Commissioner are such as confidently lead us to expect, that with favorable weather the station house about the 15th July next, and road may be opened from station house to the estimate set forth in the Engineer's rethat there is still every reason to suppose port of December last, will vary but little from the sum necessary to accomplish this desirable result. PETER M'GILL, Chairman. THE NEW SAFETY CAB. We extract the following clear and sensible exposition of the advantages of this new vehicle (the invention of Mr. Hansomthe architect of the Birmingham Townhall, confessedly one of the finest architectural productions of modern times,) from the prospectus of a company which has been formed for promoting its introduction into the metropolis : "The very peculiar construction of this carriage secures advantages that men of science and of practical experience have long wished for, but which have never before been obtained. Instead of an axle going through from side to side of the carriage, Mr. Hansom uses a frame work so contrived, that, while fully able to sustain any shock te which it may be exposed, and admitting the use of wheels of any diameter, it allows the body to be placed at any dis tance, however small, from the ground.By this contrivance, three most important objects are attained: namely "1st. Absolute safety: for the body is placed so low, and the frame work so arranged, as to render it impossible that the carriage should be upset in any direction whatever; nor can a kicking, a rearing, of a stumbling horse place the passengers in danger. 2. Great relief to the horse in peculiar situ. ations: for the centre of gravity of the load being placed below the centre of the wheels, the injurious pressure on the horse, in ascending and descending hills with a 2-wheel carriage of the common construction, is avoided; for in descending, the pressure on his back is entirely removed; while in ascending, a small and advanta. geous addition is made to it. 3. "Considerable reduction of draught in all circumstances: for wheels of larger diameter than usual may be employed, not only without prejudice to the other advantages of the invention, but in promotion of them, and it is on all hands agreed, that very great saving of draught might be effect a by the use of large wheels, but for the hitherto supposed impossibility of reconciling them with the other necessary properties and conveniences of a carriage. * "The inconvenience and danger of the present cabs have been long, loudly and justly complained of. The new cab is perfectly and obviously safe, and effectually protects passengers from injury by a vicious or stumbling horse; it affords ingress and egress as safe and easy as those of a sedanchair, and is smoother of motion than many of the best carriages of other kinds; it also combines the shelter and comfort of a close carriage, with the lightness of an open one, and the speed of the best of the present cabs, at the cost of perhaps one-third less labor to the horse, and with the entire avoidance of the injurious effect of common 2-wheel carriages on hilly roads. "In ascents and descents, any moderate degree of safety to the passenger, or of pressure on the horse, has been, hitherto, attainable only by the use of four wheels. Where four are used, they cannot be large: the additional friction-and two horses are much power is thus lost-to say nothing of fort to the passengers, and much greater needed. Absolute safety, and greater comease to the animal, are now secured by two wheels, and those large ones. The additional horse is thus dispensed with, and posting may be done by one horse, on terms and with a convenience and rapidity yet unaccomplished. The conveyance of mails and despatches may be done by 2-horse carriages, with the like, or even greater, benefit. "A carriage has recently been built, and is ready for public inspection and trial, which exemplifies the plan, and fully justifies the preceding observations. It has been subjected to severe trials, both intentionally and by accident; and by coming out of them without the slightest failure, has proved that its framework may be safe. ly relied on in any emergency." Business on the Chemung Canal has opened this spring with vigor. Several boats have already departed laden with produce and lumber for the great emporium. There is more than twice as much lumber now on its banks as there was last year.— No damage has been done to the canal by the spring freshət.—[Elmira Republican.] |