Giving to them, or to any three or more of them, all manner of power and authority to treat, adjust, and conclude with such Minister or Ministers as may be vested with similar power and authority on the part of Our Good Friends the United States of America, any Treaties, Conventions, or Agreements that may tend to the attainment of the abovementioned end, and to sign for Us and in Our name everything so agreed upon and concluded, and to do and transact all such other matters as may appertain to the finishing of the aforesaid work in as ample manner and form, and with equal force and efficacy, as We Ourselves could do if personally present: Engaging and promising upon Our Royal Word, that whatever things shall be so transacted ond concluded by Our said High Commissioners, Procurators, and Plenipotentiaries shall be agreed to, acknowledged, and accepted by Us in the fullest manner, and that We will never suffer, either in the whole or in part, any person whatsoever to infringe the same, or act contrary thereto, as far as it lies in Our power.

"In witness whereof We have caused the Great Seal of Our United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to be affixed to these Presents, which We have signed with Our Royal Hand.

"Given at Our Court at Windsor Castle, the sixteenth day of February, in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy.one, and in the thirty-fourth year of Our reign."

"Ulysses S. Grant, President of the United States of America, To all who shall see these presents, Greeting:

"Know ye that, reposing special trust and confidence in the integrity and ability of Hamilton Fish, Secretary of State; Robert C. Schenck, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Great Britain; Samuel Nelson, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States; Ebenezer R. Hoar, of Massachusetts; and George H. Williams of Oregon; I have nominated and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, do appoint them jointly and severally, to be Commissioners on the part of the United States, in a Joint High Commission between the United States and Great Britain; hereby empowering them, jointly and severally, to meet the Commissioners appointed or to be appointed on behalf of Her Britannic Majesty, and with them to treat and discuss the mode of settlement of the different questions which shall come before the said Joint High Commission, and the said office to hold and exercise during the pleasure of the President of the United States for the time being.

"In testimony whereof I have caused these letters to be made patent, and the seal of the United States to be hereunto affixed.

"Given under my hand at the city of Washington, this 10th day of February, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, and of the Independence of the United States of America the ninety-fifth.

It was proposed by the British High Commissioners that Mr. Fish, Secretary of State of the United States, should preside.

The United States Commissioners stated that, although appreciating the proposal, they did not consider it necessary that a President should be named.

The High Commissioners, on the suggestion of Mr. Fish, requested that Lord Tenterden, Secretary of the British High Commission, and Mr. Bancroft Davis,

Assistant-Secretary of State of the United States, acting as Secretary to the United States High Commission, to undertake the duties of Joint Protocolists.

The High Commissioners then agreed that the subjects for discussion should be those mentioned in the following correspondence which had taken place between the two Governments.

I. Sir E. Thornton to Mr. Fish, January 26, 1871.

[See "North America, Nc. 1 (1871)," Inclosure 1 in No. 1.]

2. Mr. Fish to Sir E. Thornton, January 30, 1871.
[Ibid., Inclosure 2 in No. 1.]

3. Sir E. Thornton to Mr. Fish, February 1, 1871.
[Ibid., Inclosure 3 in No. 1.]

4. Mr. Fish to Sir E. Thornton, February 3, 1871.

[Ibid., Inclosure 4 in No. 1.]

The Commissioners further determined that the discussion might include such other matters as might be mutually agreed upon.

The meeting of the High Commissioners was then adjourned to the 4th of March.

2nd Protocol of Conference between the High Commissioners on the part of Great Britain and the High Commissioners on the part of the United States of America.

WASHINGTON, March 4, 1871.

The High Commissioners having met, the Protocol of the Conference held on the 27th of February was read and confirmed.

At the commencement of the Conference the United States' High Commissioners called attention to the provision in the Constitution of the United States by which the advice and consent of the Senate is required for the ratification of any Treaty which may be signed under the authority of the President.

The British High Commissioners stated that they were acquainted with this provision.

The High Commissioners then proceeded with the consideration of the matters referred to them.

The Conference was adjourned to the 6th of March. (Signed,)

TENTERDEN.

J. C. BANCROFT DAVIS.

3rd Protocol of Conference between the High Commissioners on the part of Great Britain and the High Commissioners on the part of the United States of America.

WASHINGTON, March 6, 1871.

The Commissioners having met, the Protocol of the Conference held on the 4th of March was read and confirmed.

The High Commissioners then proceeded with the consideration of the matters referred to them.

The Conference was adjourned to the 8th of March.

[The subsequent Protocols to No. XXXIV are to the same effect as Protocol No. III.]

35th Protocol of Conference between the High Commissioners on the part of Great Britain and the High Commissioners on the part of the United States of America.

WASHINGTON, May 3, 1871.

The High Commissioners having met, the Protocol of the Conference held on the 25th of April was read and confirmed.

The High Commissioners then proceeded with the consideration of the matters referred to them.

The American Commissioners produced the following further full-power, under the seal of the United States, authorizing them to conclude and sign a Treaty :

66

Ulysses S. Grant, President of the United States of America, to all to whom these presents shall come,-GREETING :

"Know ye that whereas by my power bearing date the 10th day of February last, Hamilton Fish, Secretary of State, Robert C. Schenck, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Great Britain, Samuel Nelson, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, Ebenezer R. Hoar, of Massachusetts, and George H. Williams, of Oregon, were authorized to meet the Commissioners appointed, or to be appointed, on behalf of Her Britannic Majesty, and with them to treat and discuss the mode of settlement of the different questions which should come before them;

"And whereas that meeting and discussion have taken place, and the said mode of settlement has been agreed upon;

"Now, therefore, I, Ulysses S. Grant, President of the United States, do hereby appoint the said Hamilton Fish, Robert C. Schenck, Samuel Nelson, Ebenezer R. Hoar, and George H. Williams, jointly and severally, Plenipotentiaries for and in behalf of the United States, and do authorize them, and any or either of them, to conclude and sign any Treaty or Treaties touching the premises, for the final ratification of the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, if such advice and consent, be given.

"In witness whereof I have caused the seal of the United States to be hereunto affixed.

"Given under my hand at the City of Washington, the second day of May, in the year of Our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, and of the Independence of the United States of America the ninety-fifth.

(Signed,)

"By the President :

(Signed,)

"HAMILTON FISH, Secretary of State,"

"U. S. GRANT,

This full-power was examined by the British Commissioners, and found satisfactory. The Joint High Commissioners determined that they would embody in a Protocol a statement containing an account of the negotiations upon the various subjects included in the Treaty, and they instructed the Joint Protocolists to prepare such an account in the order in which the subjects are to stand in the Treaty.

The Conference was adjourned to the 4th of May.

36th Protocol of Conference between the High Commissioners on the part of Great Britain and the High Commissioners on the part of the United States of America.

WASHINGTON, May 4, 1871.

The High Commissioners having met, the Protocol of the Conference held on the 3rd of May was read and confirmed.

The High Commissioners then proceeded with the consideration of the matters referred to them.

The statement prepared by the Joint Protocolists, in accordance with the request of the Joint High Commissioners at the last Conference, was then read as follows::

Statement.

ARTICLES I TO XI.

At the Conference held on the 8th of March, the American Commissioners stated that the people and Government of the United States felt that they had sustained a great wrong, and that great injuries and losses were inflicted upon their commerce and their material interests by the course and conduct of Great Britain during the recent rebellion in the United States; that what had occurred in Great Britain and her Colonies during that period had given rise to feelings in the United States which the people of the United States did not desire to cherish toward Great Britain; that the history of the "Alabama" and other cruizers which had been fitted out, or armed, or equipped, or which had received augmentation of force in Great Britain or in her colonies, and of the operations of those vessels, showed extensive direct losses in the capture and destruction of a large number of vessels with their cargoes, and in the heavy national expenditures in the pursuit of the cruizers, and indirect injury in the transfer of a large part of the American commercial marine to the British flag, in the enhanced payments of insurance, in the prolongation of the war, and in the addition of a large sum to the cost of the war and the suppression of the rebellion; and also showed that Great Britain, by reason of failure in the proper observance of her duties as a neutral, had become justly liable for the acts of those cruizers and of their tenders; that the claims for the loss and destruction of private property which had thus far been presented amounted to about fourteen millions of dollars, without interest, which amount was liable to be greatly increased by claims which had not been presented; that the cost to which the Government had been put in the pursuit of cruisers could easily be ascertained by certificates of Government accounting officers; that in the hope of an amicable settlement no estimate was made of the indirect losses, without predjudice, however, to the right to indemnification on their account in the event of no such settlement being made.

The American Commissioners further stated that they hoped that the British Commissioners would be able to place upon record an expression of regret by Her Majesty's Government for the depredations committed by the vessels whose acts were now under discussion, They also proposed that the Joint High Commission should agree upon a

sum which should be paid by Great Britain to the United States, in satisfaction of all the claims and the interest thereon.

The British Commissioners replied, that Her Majesty's Government could not admit that Great Britain had failed to discharge toward the United States the duties imposed on her by the rules of international law, or that she was justly liable to make good to the United States the losses occasioned by the acts of the cruisers to which the American Commissioners had referied. They reminded the American Commissioners that several vessels, suspected of being designed to cruise against the United States, including two iron-clads, had been arrested or detained by the British Government, and that that Government had in some instances not confined itself to the discharge of international obligations, however widely construed; as, for instance, when it acquired at a great cost to the country the control of the Anglo-Chinese Flotilla, which, it was apprehended, might be used against the United States.

They added, that although Great Britain had, from the beginning, disavowed any responsibility for the acts of the "Alabama" and the other vessels, she had already shown her willingness, for the sake of the maintenance of friendly relations with the United States, to adopt the principle of arbitration, providing that a fitting arbitrator could be found, and that an agreement could be come to as to the points to which arbitration should apply. They would, therefore, abstain from replying in detail to the statement of the American Commissioners, in the hope that the necessity for entering upon a lengthened controversy might be obviated by the adoption of so fair a mode of settlement as that which they were instructed to propose; and they had now to repeat, on behalf of their Government, the offer of arbitration.

The American Commissioners expressed their regret at this decision of the British Commissioners, and said further that they could not consent to submit the question of the liability of Her Majesty's Government to arbitration unless the principles which should govern the Arbitrator in the consideration of the facts could be first agreed upon.

The British Commissioners replied, that they had no authority to agree to a submission of these claims to an Arbitrator with instructions as to the principles which should govern him in the consideration of them. They said that they should be willing to consider what principles should be adopted for observance in future; but that they were of opinion that the best mode of conducting an arbitration was to submit the facts to the Arbitrator, and leave him free to decide upon them after hearing such arguments as might be necessary. The American Commissioners replied, that they were willing to consider what principles should be laid down for observance in similar cases in future, with the understanding that any principles that should be agreed upon should be held to be applicable to the facts in respect to the "Alabama" claims.

The British Commissioners replied, that they could not admit that there had been any violation of existing principles of international law, and that their instructions did not authorize them to accede to a proposal for laying down rules for the guidance of the Arbitrator, but that they would make known to their Government the views of the American Commissioners on the subject.

At the respective Conferences on March 9, March 10, March 13, and March 14, the Joint High Commission considered the form of the declaration of principles or rules which the American Commissioners desired to see adopted for the instruction of the Arbitrator and laid down for observance by the two Governments in future.

At the close of the Conference of the 14th of March the British Commissioners reserved several questions for the consideration of their Government.

At the Conference on the 5th of April the British Commissioners stated, that they were instructed by Her Majesty's Government to declare that Her Majesty's Government could not assent to the proposed rules as a statement of principles of international law which were in force at the time when the "Alabama" claims arose, but that Her Majesty's Government, in order to evince its desire of strengthening the friendly relations between the two countries, and of making satisfactory provision for the future, agreed that in deciding the questions between the two countries arising out of those claims, the Arbitrator