TABLE 25.-Occupation before coming to the United States of foreign-born females who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual. (STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.) [This table includes only races with 20 or more females reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.] Information was secured from a total of 1,727 females in the households studied who reported the character of their occupations before coming to this country. Of the total number reporting, 66.5 per cent had been without occupation; while 18.5 per cent of the total number had been working for wages, 14.3 per cent had been working without wages, and 0.8 per cent had been working for profit. Of the total number of Croatian females reporting, 16.9 per cent had been employed as farm laborers for wages, as compared with 13.9 per cent of the Slovaks, 11.9 per cent of the Poles, and 7.5 per cent of the Magyars. None of the French, Irish, North Italians, Scotch, or Slovenian reporting had been so employed, and only 2.1 per cent of the Roumanians and 4.6 per cent of the Servians. The Poles had the largest proportion, or 15 per cent, who were engaged in domestic service, while none of the Scotch were thus engaged. Of the races represented among those who were employed as factory operatives, 4.7 per cent of all of the Irish reporting were so employed, 1.6 per cent of the Magyar, 1.2 per cent of the Slovak, and 0.3 per cent each of the South Italian and Polish These are the only races represented in factory occupations. Small proportions of the Slovenian, Croatian, German, Irish, Magyar, South Italian, and Polish women were engaged in hand trades in their native countries. Thirteen and five-tenths per cent of the total number of women reporting were farm laborers working without wages, and only 0.8 per cent were in other occupations. Of all of the Roumanian females reporting, 55.3 per cent were farm laborers working without wages, as well as 42.9 per cent of the Slovenians, 36.6 per cent of the Ruthenians, and 21.6 per cent of the Poles. None of the French, Irish, or Scotch were thus employed. Of the North Italian females, 2 per cent were working without wages in occupations other than farming, as compared with 2.9 per cent of the Slovenians, 1.6 per cent of the Poles, 1.2 per cent of the Magyars, 1 per cent of the South Italians, and 0.5 per cent of the Croatians. None of the other races show any women who worked abroad without wages in occupations other than farming. Six-tenths per cent of the total number reporting were farmers working for profit. These were confined to the Magyar, Polish, Roumanian, Servian, and Slovak races; and the 0.1 per cent who were working for profit in occupations other than farming were confined to the Croatian and German races. The tables next presented show the occupation and industrial condition before coming to the United States of foreign-born males in the households studied who were 16 years of age or over when they came to the United States. TABLE 26.-Industrial condition before coming to the United States of foreign-born males who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual. (STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.) [This table includes only races with 20 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.] Race of individual. TABLE 27.-Occupation before coming to the United States of foreign-born males who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual. (STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.) [This table includes only races with 20 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.] Of the total number of individuals, 48.5 per cent had worked abroad for wages; 27.3 per cent had worked for profit; and 22.3 per cent had worked without wages. Only 1.9 per cent were without occupation abroad. The There is a considerable variation in the industrial condition of the specified races before coming to the United States. Of the Scotch 96.7 per cent and of the French 92.2 per cent had worked for wages. With a few exceptions, a larger proportion of the remaining races were working for wages than in any other industrial condition. Slovenians, Servians, Croatians, and Roumanians, however, had a greater proportion working without wages than were reported in any other industrial condition. Of the Greeks 57.1 per cent, of the Macedonians 53.8 per cent, and of the Bulgarians 48.1 per cent had worked for profit. The Irish had a much larger proportion without occupation abroad than any other race. The largest proportion, or 21.3 per cent, of the total number of individuals reporting who worked for wages were farm laborers abroad. Relatively large proportions of this class were also in the hand trades and in other occupations. This occupation was relatively most commonly followed by the Slovaks and Ruthenians. The Irish show a greater proportion who were laborers abroad than in any other occupation. The iron and steel industry was not a general occupation with any race. The largest proportions in that industry were 7.8 per cent of the French, 6.7 per cent of the Scotch, and 5.8 per cent of the Irish, thus indicating that the members of the various races had little experience and training abroad for the work in which they are engaged in Farmers. In other occupa Total. tions. this country. The Poles, Germans, and Bulgarians show relatively large proportions in the hand trades. Of the French 78.4 per cent and of the Scotch 76.7 per cent were in occupations other than those specified in the table. Of the total number of male employees reporting, 57.1 per cent of the Slovenians and 55.4 per cent of the Servians were farm laborers working without wages. Twenty-four and three-tenths per cent were farmers working for profit. The largest proportions who worked for profit in other occupations were 12.1 per cent of the Macedonians, 9.2 per cent of the Greeks, and 8.8 per cent of the North Italians. PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION OF IMMIGRANT EMPLOYEES BEFORE COMING TO THE UNITED STATES. The table next submitted shows the percentage of foreign-born male employees who were in each specified occupation before coming to the United States. The presentation is by race. The accompanying chart shows more graphically the proportions engaged in iron and steel manufacture as contrasted with the proportions farming or doing farm labor. TABLE 28.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees in each specified occupation before coming to the United States, by race. (STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.) [This table includes only races with 80 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.] |