Progress in acquiring the use of the English language is exhibited in the table next submitted, which shows, by years in the United States and race, the percentage of foreign-born male employees of non-English-speaking races who are able to speak English:

TABLE 154.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees who speak English, by years in the United States and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 100 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all nonEnglish-speaking races.]

Of the 32,883 males included in the preceding table 52.4 per cent speak English. Each of the several races shows that the proportion who speak English increases with the period of residence in the United States, the Swedes reporting the largest and the Russians the smallest proportion of those who have been in the United States under five years as well as of those with a residence of from five to nine years, while the Roumanians have the largest and the Russians again the smallest proportion of those able to speak English who have been in this country ten years or over.

THE PITTSBURG DISTRICT.

CHAPTER I.

INTRODUCTION.

The territory studied-Industrial significance of the district-Households studiedMembers of households for whom detailed information was secured-Employees for whom information was secured-[Text Tables 155 to 159 and General Tables 64 to 66].

THE TERRITORY STUDIED.

The territory designated for the purposes of this report as the Pittsburg district includes that part of western Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio, and northern West Virginia adjoining the city of Pittsburg, and which industrially and commercially forms a unit of which Pittsburg is the center. The salient feature of the district is obviously its industrial importance from the standpoint of the iron and steel industry, glass manufacturing, and the mining of bituminous coal." The following map shows in detail the extent of territory designated as the Pittsburg district and the character of the industries studied in each locality. As can be seen from the map, the investigation extended westward to Wheeling, Steubenville, Youngstown, and Niles, Ohio; eastward to Johnstown, and to the north as far as Sharon, and to the south as far as Morgantown, W. Va.

INDUSTRIAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE DISTRICT.

The significance of the locality from the standpoint of the iron and steel industry is seen from the statement that in Pittsburg and Allegheny County alone there are 44 completed coke furnaces and 3 now building, 66 active rolling mills and steel works and 3 projected. In the Shenango Valley and the adjoining territory of Lawrence and Mercer counties, which includes the cities of Sharpsville, Sharon, South Sharon, Butler, and New Castle, there are 21 active furnaces and 28 rolling mills and steel works. In the other part of the Pennsylvania territory designated as the Pittsburg district, including among others the cities of Johnstown, Dunbar, Latrobe, Scottdale, Donora, Charleroi, Connellsville, and Monessen, there are 20 blast furnaces and 49 rolling mills and steel plants. That part of Ohio embraced in the designated district includes the Mahoning Valley, in which are located the manufacturing centers of Youngstown, Niles, and Struthers. In this area there are 15 rolling mills and steel works and 18 active furnaces. In the West Virginia territory

a The data relative to bituminous coal mining and coke manufacturing for this district is presented in Part II of the report on bituminous coal mining, and for the glass industry in Part II of the report on the glass industry.