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PART II.-THE IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN

THE EAST.

GENERAL SURVEY.

CHAPTER I.

INTRODUCTION.

Method of collecting and presenting data-Employees for whom information was secured Text Table 131 and General Table 51].

METHOD OF COLLECTING AND PRESENTING DATA.

The term "East" for the purposes of this report means in general the territory north of the Potomac and east of the Ohio rivers. Emphasis is laid upon the States of West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and New York, for the reason that they include the greatest proportion of the iron and steel mills and blast furnaces. The returns from the industry in Maryland are shown with the South.

In preparing the material, the above-described territory has been subdivided into localities, of which the principal is the Pittsburg district. This section not only includes the city of Pittsburg proper but the entire territory, extending as far north as Sharon, Pa., to the east as far as Johnstown, to Youngstown, Ohio, on the west, and to Wheeling and Morgantown, W. Va., on the south. Within this territory, which forms for all industrial purposes practically a unit and which has been arbitrarily designated as the Pittsburg district, two representative communities, which are called Communities A and B, have been selected for more detailed treatment than it was found possible to give to the Pittsburg district as a whole. The two other communities in the East, which are presented as representative of conditions, are Community C, of eastern Pennsylvania, and Community D, of the State of New York. The arrangement of the material for the East may therefore, for the purpose of clearness, be outlined as follows:

A. The iron and steel manufacturing industry in the East.

General survey.

I. The Pittsburg district.

(1) Community A.

(2) Community B.

II. Other sections of the East.

(1) Community C, eastern Pennsylvania.

(2) Community D, New York.

A total of 1,583 households were studied in the East, and the data thus obtained have been tabulated and appear in the reports on the various communities. The community studies also contain detailed

material dealing with the economic effects of immigration and the general effects of recent and past immigration upon American life and institutions. The localities were selected with great care, and the results of the studies are believed to be representative of conditions throughout the entire Eastern territory. The general survey of the East is mainly statistical and is limited to an exhibit of the salient facts in connection with the iron and steel workers of foreign birth for whom detailed information was secured.

EMPLOYEES FOR WHOM INFORMATION WAS SECURED.

Detailed information was secured for a total of 65,711 iron and steel workers in representative establishments in all sections of the East. These data furnish the basis for the tabulations presented in the general survey of the Eastern territory. The following table and chart show, by general nativity and race of individual, the male employees for whom information was secured:

TABLE 131.-Male employees for whom information was secured, by general nativity and race.

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Number of male employees for whom information was secured, by general nativity and race.

[This chart shows only races represented by 500 or more employees.]

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