maintenance, safety, financing, and traffic conditions, including the effect thereon of State laws and is authorized to test, develop, or assist in the testing and developing of any material, invention, patented article, or process. The Secretary may publish the results of such research. The Secretary may carry out the authority granted hereby, either independently, or in cooperation with any other branch of the Government, State agency, authority, association, institution, corporation (profit or nonprofit), or any other organization, or person. The Secretary is also authorized, acting independently or in cooperation with other Federal departments, agencies, or instrumentalities, to make grants for research fellowships for any purpose for which research is otherwise authorized by this section. The funds required to carry out the provisions of this subsection shall be taken out of the administrative and research funds authorized by section 104 of this title, funds authorized to carry out section 403 of this title, and such funds as may be deposited in a special account with the Secretary of the Treasury for such purposes by any cooperating organization or person. The provisions of section 3709 of the Revised Statutes, as amended (41 U.S.C. 5), shall not be applicable to contracts or agreements made under the authority of this subsection. 181

(b) The Secretary shall include in the highway research program herein authorized studies of economic highway geometrics, structures, and desirable weight and size standards for vehicles using the public highways and of the feasibility of uniformity in State regulations with respect to such standards and he shall report from time to time to the Committees on Public Works of the Senate and of the House of Representatives on the progress and findings with respect to such studies. The highway research program herein authorized shall also include studies to identify and measure, quantitatively and qualitatively, those factors which relate to economic, social, environmental, and other impacts of highway projects. 182

(c) (1) Not to exceed 12 per centum of the sums apportioned for each fiscal year beginning with fiscal year 1974 to any State under section 104 of this title shall be available for expenditure upon request of the State highway department, with the approval of the Secretary, with or without State funds, for engineering and economic surveys and investigations; for the planning of future highway programs and local public transportation systems and for planning for the financing thereof; for studies of the economy, safety, and convenience of highway usage and the desirable regulation and equitable taxation thereof; and for research and development, necessary in connection with the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of highways and highway systems, and the regulation and taxation of their use. 183

(2) One and one-half per centum of the sums apportioned for each fiscal year beginning with the fiscal year 1964 to any State under section 104 of

181 Amended by sec. 103 of the Highway Safety Act of 1966, Public Law 89-564, Sept. 9, 1966 (80 Stat. 731); sec. 115(c) of Public Law 91-605, Dec. 31, 1970 (84 Stat. 1713).

183 Amended by sec. 136 (c) of Public Law 91-605, Dec. 31, 1970 (84 Stat. 1713). 183 Amended by sec. 151 of Public Law 93-87, Aug. 13, 1973 (87 Stat. 276).

this title shall be available for expenditure by the State highway department only for the purposes enumerated in paragraph (1) of this subsection.

(3) In addition to the percentage provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, not to exceed one-half of one per centum of sums apportioned for each fiscal year beginning with the fiscal year 1964 under paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of section 104(b) of this title shall be available for expenditure upon request of the State highway department for the purposes enumerated in paragraph (1) of this subsection, including demonstration projects in connection with such purposes.184

(4) Sums made available under paragraphs (2) and (3) of this subsection shall be matched by the State in accordance with section 120 of this title unless the Secretary determines that the interests of the Federal-aid highway program would be best served without such matching. 185

(d) As used in this section the term "safety" includes, but is not limited to, highway safety systems, research and development relating to vehicle, highway, and driver characteristics, accident investigations, communications, emergency medical care, and transportation of the injured.186

Sec. 308. Cooperation with Federal and State agencies and foreign countries.

(a) The Secretary is authorized to perform by contract or otherwise, authorized engineering or other services in connection with the survey, construction, maintenance, or improvement of highways for other Government agencies, cooperating foreign countries, and State cooperating agencies, and reimbursement for such services, which may include depreciation on engineering and roadbuilding equipment used, shall be credited to the appropriation concerned.

(b) Appropriations for the work of the Federal Highway Administration shall be available for the expenses of warehouse maintenance and the procurement, care, and handling of supplies, materials, and equipment for distribution to projects under the supervision of the Federal Highway Administration or for sale or distribution to other Government agencies, cooperating foreign countries, and State cooperating agencies, and the cost of such supplies and materials or the value of such equipment, including the cost of transportation and handling, may be reimbursed to current applicable appropriations.1

187

Sec. 309. Cooperation with other American Republics.

The President is authorized to utilize the services of the Federal Highway Adn.inistration in fulfilling the obligations of the United States under the Convention on the Pan-American Highway between the United States and

14 Amended by sec. 126 of Public Law 91-605, Dec. 31, 1970 (84 Stat. 1713). 15 New subsec. (c)(2), (3), and (4) added by sec. 11 of Public Law 87-866, Oct 23, 1962 (76 Stat. 1145).

189 New subsec. (d) added by sec. 103 of Public Law 89-564, Sept. 9, 1966 (80 Stat. 731).

187 Technical amendment-sec. 152(5) of Public Law 93-87, Aug. 13, 1973 (87 Stat. 276).

212-927 -77 - 9

other American Republics (51 Stat. 152), cooperating with several governments, members of the Organization of American States, in connection with the survey and construction of the Inter-American Highway, and for performing engineering service in the other American Republics for and upon the request of any agency or governmental corporation of the United States. To the extent authorized in appropriation acts, administrative funds available in accordance with subsection (a) of section 104 of this title shall be available annually for the purpose of this section.188

Sec. 310. Civil defense.

In order to assure that adequate consideration is given to civil defense aspects in the planning and construction of highways constructed or reconstructed with the aid of Federal funds, the Secretary of Transportation is authorized and directed to consult, from time to time, with the Federal Civil Defense Administrator relative to the civil defense aspects of highways so constructed or reconstructed.18

Sec. 311. Highway improvements strategically important to the national defense.

Funds made available under subsection (a) of section 104 of this title may be used to pay the entire engineering costs of the surveys, plans, specifications, estimates, and supervision of construction of projects for such urgent improvements of highways strategically important from the standpoint of the national defense as may be undertaken on the order of the Secretary and as the result of request of the Secretary of Defense or such other official as the President may designate. With the consent of a State, funds made available under subsection (b) of section 104 of this title may be used to the extent deemed necessary and advisable by the Secretary to carry out the provisions of this section.

Sec. 312. Detail of Army, Navy, and Air Force officers.

The Secretary of Defense, upon request of the Secretary, is authorized to make temporary details to the Federal Highway Administration of officers of the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force, without additional compensation, for technical advice and for consultation regarding highway needs for the national defense. Travel and subsistence expenses of officers so detailed shall be paid from appropriations available to the Department of Transportation on the same basis as authorized by law and by regulations of the Department of Defense for such officers. 190

188 Technical amendment-sec. 152(5) of Public Law 93-87, Aug. 13, 1973 (87 Stat. 276).

18 Functions transferred to the Secretary of Transportation by sec. 6(a) of Public Law 89-670, Oct. 15, 1966 (80 Stat. 931); and technical amendment-sec. 152(3) of Public Law 93-87, Aug. 13, 1973 (87 Stat. 276).

190 Functions transferred to the Secretary of Transportation by sec. 6(a) of Public Law 89-670, Oct. 15, 1966 (80 Stat. 931); and technical amendment-secs. 152(5) and 152(6) of Public Law 93-87, Aug. 13, 1973 (87 Stat. 276).

Sec. 313. Repealed.191

Sec. 314. Relief of employees in hazardous work.

The Secretary is authorized in an emergency to use appropriations to the Department of Transportation for carrying out the provisions of this title for medical supplies, services, and other assistance necessary for the immediate relief of employees of the Federal Highway Administration engaged in hazardous work.192

Sec. 315. Rules, regulations, and recommendations.

Except as provided in sections 204(d), 205(a), 206(b), 207(b), and 208 (c) of this title, the Secretary is authorized to prescribe and promulgate all needful rules and regulations for the carrying out of the provisions of this title. The Secretary may make such recommendations to the Congress and State highway departments as he deems necessary for preserving and protecting the highways and insuring the safety of traffic thereon.

Sec. 316. Consent by United States to conveyance of property.

For the purposes of this title the consent of the United States is given to any railroad or canal company to convey to the State highway department of any State, or its nominee, any part of its right-of-way or other property in that State acquired by grant from the United States.

Sec. 317. Appropriation for highway purposes of lands or interests in lands owned by the United States.

(a) If the Secretary determines that any part of the lands or interests in lands owned by the United States is reasonably necessary for the right-ofway of any highway, or as a source of materials for the construction or maintenance of any such highway adjacent to such lands or interests in lands, the Secretary shall file with the Secretary of the Department supervising the administration of such lands or interests in lands a map showing the portion of such lands or interests in lands which it is desired to appropriate.

(b) If within a period of four months after such filing, the Secretary of such Department shall not have certified to the Secretary that the proposed appropriation of such land or material is contrary to the public interest or inconsistent with the purposes for which such land or materials have been reserved, or shall have agreed to the appropriation and transfer under conditions which he deems necessary for the adequate protection and utilization of the reserve, then such land and materials may be appropriated and transferred to the State highway department, or its nominee, for such purposes and subject to the conditions so specified.

(c) If at any time the need for any such lands or materials for such purposes shall no longer exist, notice of the fact shall be given by the State highway department to the Secretary and such lands or materials shall

191 Repealed by sec. 102 of Public Law 89-564, Sept. 9, 1966 (80 Stat. 731). 192 Functions transferred to the Secretary of Transportation by sec. 6(a) of Public Law 89-670, Oct. 15, 1966 (80 Stat. 931); and technical amendments-secs. 152(5) and 152(6) of Public Law 93-87, Aug. 13, 1973 (87 Stat. 276).

immediately revert to the control of the Secretary of the Department from which they had been appropriated.

(d) The provisions of this section shall apply only to projects constructed on a Federal-aid system or under the provisions of chapter 2 of this title.

Sec. 318. Highway relocation due to airport.

Federal highway funds shall not be used for the reconstruction or relocation of any highway giving access to an airport constructed or extended after December 20, 1944, or for the reconstruction or relocation of any highway which has been or may be closed or the usefulness of which has been or may be impaired by the location or construction of any airport constructed or extended after December 20, 1944, unless, prior to such construction or extension, as the case may be, the State highway department and the Secretary have concurred with the officials in charge of the airport that the location of such airport or extension thereof and the consequent reconstruction or relocation of the highway are in the public interest.

Sec. 319. Landscaping and scenic enhancement.

(a) The Secretary is authorized to construct and to reconstruct any public highway or highway bridge across any Federal public works project, notwithstanding any other provision of law, where there has been a substantial change in the requirements and costs of such highway or bridge since the public works project was authorized, and where such increased costs would work an undue hardship upon any one State. No such highway or bridge shall be constructed or reconstructed under authority of this section until the State shall agree that upon completion of such construction or reconstruction it will accept ownership to such highway or bridge and will thereafter operate and maintain such highway or bridge.

(b) There is hereby authorized to be appropriated not to exceed $100,000,000 to carry out this section. Amounts authorized by this subsection shall be available for the fiscal year in which appropriated and for two succeeding fiscal years. 193

Sec. 320. Bridges on Federal dams.

(a) Each executive department, independent establishment, office, board, bureau, commission, authority, administration, corporation wholly owned or controlled by the United States, or other agency of the Government of the United States, hereinafter collectively and individually referred to as "agency", which on or after July 29, 1946, has jurisdiction over and custody of any dam constructed or to be constructed and owned by or for the United States, is authorized, with any funds available to it, to design and construct any such dam in such manner that it will constitute and serve as a suitable

199 Sec. 319 was revised by sec. 301 of the Highway Beautification Act of 1965, Public Law 89-285, Oct. 22, 1965 (79 Stat. 1028); subsec. (b) was amended by sec. 8(b) of Public Law 89-574, Sept. 13, 1966 (80 Stat. 768); sec. 6(f) of Public Law 90-495, Aug. 23, 1968 (82 Stat. 815); amended by sec. 136(a) of Public Law 94–280, May 5, 1976 (90 Stat. 442-443).