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where in this subpart, the referee, in any proceeding assigned to him, shall have power to:

(1) Rule upon motions and requests;

(2) Set the time and place of hearing, adjourn the hearing from time to time, and change the time and place of hearing;

(3) Administer oaths and affirmations and take affidavits;

(4) Issue subpenas requiring the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of books, records, contracts, papers, and other documentary evidence;

(5) Summon and examine witnesses and receive evidence;

(6) Take or order the taking of depositions;

(7) Admit or exclude evidence;

(8) Hear oral argument on facts or law;

(9) Do all acts and take all measures necessary for the maintenance of order and efficient conduct of the proceeding.

(e) Who may act in the absence of the referee. In case of the absence of the referee, or his inability to act, the powers and duties to be performed by him under this subpart in connection with a proceeding may, without abatement of the proceeding unless otherwise ordered by the Secretary, be assigned to any other referee.

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At any time after the institution of a proceeding, and before it has been submitted to the Secretary for final consideration, the Secretary or the referee may, upon petition in writing and for good cause shown, permit any person to intervene therein. The petition shall state with preciseness and particularity: (a) The petitioner's relationship to the matters involved in the proceeding, (b) the nature of the material he intends to present in evidence, (c) the nature of the argument he intends to make, (d) any other reason that he should be allowed to intervene.

§ 0.9 The answer.

(a) Filing and service. Within 20 days after service of the complaint, the respondent shall file, in triplicate, with the hearing clerk, an answer, signed by the respondent or his attorney: Provided, That the Secretary may order that the hearing be held without answer or other pleading. The answer shall be served upon the complainant, and any other

party of record, in the manner provided in § 0.22.

(b) Contents; failure to file. Such answer shall (1) contain a statement of the facts which constitute the grounds of defense, and shall specifically admit, deny, or explain each of the allegations of the complaint unless the respondent is without knowledge, in which case the answer shall so state; or (2) state that the respondent admits all of the allegations of the complaint. The answer may contain a waiver of hearing.

Failure to file an answer to or plead specifically to any allegation of the complaint shall constitute an admission of such allegation.

(c) Procedure upon admission of facts. The admission, in the answer or by failure to file an answer, of all the material allegations of fact contained in the complaint shall constitute a waiver of hearing. Upon such admission of facts, the referee, without further investigation or hearing, shall prepare his report, in which he shall adopt as his proposed findings of fact the material facts alleged in the complaint. Unless the parties have waived service of the referee's report, it shall be served upon them in the manner provided in § 0.22. The parties shall be given an opportunity to file exceptions to the report, to file briefs in support of such exceptions, and to make oral argument thereon before the Secretary. Any request to make oral argument before the Secretary must be filed in the manner and within the time provided in § 0.16(d).

§ 0.10 Motions and requests.

(a) General. All motions and requests shall be filed with the hearing clerk, except that those made during the course of an oral hearing may be filed with the referee or may be stated orally and made a part of the transcript.

The referee is authorized to rule upon all motions and requests filed or made prior to the filing of his report with the hearing clerk, as hereinafter provided. The Secretary will rule upon all motions and requests filed after that time.

(b) Motions entertained. Any motion will be entertained except a motion to dismiss on the pleadings.

The submission or certification of any motion, request, objection, or other question to the Secretary prior to the time when the referee's report is filed with the hearing clerk shall be in the discretion of the referee.

§ 0.11 Oral hearing before referee.

(a) Request for oral hearing. Any party may request an oral hearing on the facts by including such request in the complaint or answer or by a separate request in writing filed with the hearing clerk. Failure by the respondent to request an oral hearing within the time allowed for the filing of the answer shall constitute a waiver of such hearing, and any respondent so failing to request an oral hearing will be deemed to have agreed that the proceeding may be decided upon a record formed under the shortened procedure provided for in § 0.17.

Waiver of oral hearing shall not be deemed to be a waiver of the right to make oral argument before the Secretary upon exceptions to the referee's report. Such argument will be allowed in accordance with the provisions of § 0.19.

(b) Time and place. If and when the proceeding has reached the stage where an oral hearing is to be held, the referee, giving careful consideration to the convenience of the parties, shall set a time and place for hearing and shall file with the hearing clerk a notice stating the time and place. If any change in the time or place of the hearing is made, the referee shall file with the hearing clerk a notice of such change, which notice shall be served upon the parties, unless it is made during an oral hearing and made a part of the transcript.

(c) Appearances—(1) Representation. In any proceeding, the parties may appear in person or by counsel or other representative. The Secretary, if represented by counsel, shall be represented by an attorney assigned by the Solicitor of the Department.

Persons who appear as counsel or in a representative capacity at a hearing must conform to the standards of ethical conduct required of practitioners before the courts of the United States. Whenever the Secretary finds, after notice and opportunity for hearing, that a person, who is acting or has acted as counsel or representative for another person in any proceeding before the Secretary, is unfit to act as such representative or counsel, he will order that such person be precluded from acting as counsel or representative in any proceeding under the act. The procedure in such case will be

governed by the applicable provisions of this subpart.

(2) Failure to appear. If any party to the proceeding, after being duly notified, fails to appear at the hearing, he shall be deemed to have waived the right to an oral hearing in the proceeding. In the event that a party appears at the hearing and no party appears for the opposing side, the party who is present shall have an election to present his evidence, in whole or in part, in the form of affidavits or by oral testimony before the referee.

Failure to appear at a hearing shall not be deemed to be a waiver of the right to be served with a copy of the referee's report and to file exceptions and make oral argument before the Secretary with respect thereto, in the manner provided in this subpart.

(d) Order of proceeding. Except as may be determined otherwise by the referee, the complainant shall proceed first at the hearing.

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(e) Evidence (1) In general. testimony of witnesses at a hearing shall be upon oath or affirmation administered by the referee and shall be subject to cross-examination.

Any witness may, in the discretion of the referee, be examined separately and apart from all other witnesses except those who may be parties to the proceeding.

The referee shall exclude evidence which is immaterial, irrelevant, or unduly repetitious, or which is not of the sort upon which responsible persons are accustomed to rely.

(2) Objections. If a party objects to the admission or rejection of any evidence or to the limitation of the scope of any examination or cross-examination, he shall state briefly the grounds of such objection, whereupon an automatic exception will follow if the objection is overruled by the referee. The transcript shall not include argument or debate thereon except as ordered by the referee. The ruling of the referee on any objection shall be a part of the transcript.

Only objections made before the referee may subsequently be relied upon in the proceeding.

(3) Depositions. The deposition of any witness shall be admitted, in the manner provided in and subject to the provisions of § 0.12.

(4) Affidavits. Except as is otherwise provided in this subpart, affidavits may

be admitted only if the evidence is otherwise admissible and the parties agree that affidavits may be used.

(5) Proof of documents. A true copy of every written entry in the records of the Department, made by an officer or employee thereof in the course of his official duty, and relevant to the issues involved in the hearing, shall be admissible as prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein, without the production of such officer or employee.

(6) Exhibits. Except where the referee finds that the furnishing of copies is impracticable, a copy of each exhibit, in addition to the original, shall be filed with the referee for the use of each other party to the proceeding. The referee shall advise the parties as to the exact number of copies which will be required to be filed and shall make and have noted on the record the proper distribution of the copies.

(7) Official notice. Official notice will be taken of such matters as are judicially noticed by the courts of the United States and of any other matter of technical or scientific fact of established character; Provided, That the parties shall be given adequate notice, at the hearing or by reference in the referee's report or tentative order or otherwise, of matters so noticed, and shall be given adequate opportunity to show that such facts are erroneously noticed.

(8) Offer of proof. Whenever evidence is excluded from the record, the party offering such evidence may make an offer of proof, which shall be included in the transcript. The offer of proof shall consist of a brief statement describing the evidence to be offered. If the evidence consists of a brief oral statement or of an exhibit, it shall be inserted into the transcript in toto. In such event, it shall be considered a part of the transcript if the Secretary decides that the referee's ruling in excluding the evidence was erroneous. The referee shall not allow the insertion of such evidence in toto if the taking of such evidence will consume a considerable length of time at the hearing. In the latter event, if the Secretary decides that the referee's ruling in excluding the evidence was erroneous, the hearing shall be reopened to permit the taking of such evidence.

(f) Oral argument before referee. In disciplinary proceedings, oral argument

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before the referee shall be allowed unless the referee finds that the denial of such argument will not deprive the parties of an adequate opportunity for oral argument subsequently in the proceeding. Such argument may be limited by the referee to any extent that he finds necessary for the expeditious disposition of the proceeding.

(g) Transcript. Copies of the transcript may be obtained upon written application filed with the reporter, and upon payment of fees at the rate provided in the contract between the reporter and the Secretary.

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(a) Application for taking deposition. Upon the application of a party to the proceeding, the referee may, at any time after the filing of the complaint, order the taking of testimony by deposition. The application shall be in writing and shall be filed with the hearing clerk and shall set forth: (1) The name and address of the proposed deponent; (2) the name and address of the person (referred to hereinafter in this section as the "officer"), qualified under in this subpart to take depositions, before whom the proposed examination is to be made; (3) the proposed time and place of the examination, which should be at least 15 days after the date of the mailing of the application; and (4) the reasons why such deposition should be taken.

(b) Referee's order for taking deposition. If the referee is satisfied that good cause for taking the deposition is present, he may order its taking. The order shall be filed with the hearing clerk and shall be served upon the parties and shall state: (1) The time and place of the examination (which shall not be less than 10 days after the filing of the order); (2) the name of the officer before whom the examination is to be made; (3) the name of the deponent. The officer and the time and place need not be the same as those suggested in the application.

(c) Qualifications of officer. The deposition "may be taken before any judge of any court of the United States, or any United States commissioner, or any clerk of a district court, or any chancellor, justice, or judge of a supreme or superior court, mayor or chief magistrate of a city, judge of a county court, or court of common pleas of any of the United States, or any notary public, not being

of counsel or attorney to either of the parties, nor interested in the event of the proceedings".

(1)

(d) Procedure on examination. The deponent shall be examined under oath or affirmation and shall be subject to cross-examination. The testimony of the deponent shall be recorded by the officer or by some person under his direction and in his presence. In lieu of oral cross-examination, parties may transmit written cross-interrogatories to the officer prior to the examination and the officer shall propound such cross-interrogatories to the deponent.

(2) The applicant must arrange for the examination of the witness either by oral examination or by written interrogatories. If it is found by the refree, upon the protest of a party to the proceeding, that such party has his residence and his place of business more than 100 miles from the place of the examination and that it would constitute an undue hardship upon such party to be represented at the examination, the applicant will be required to conduct the examination by means of interrogatories. When the examination is conducted by means of interrogatories, copies of the interrogatories shall be served upon the other parties to the proceeding at least five days prior to the date set for the examination, and the other parties shall be afforded an opportunity to file with the officer cross-interrogatories at any time prior to the time of the examination.

(e) Signature by witness. The transcript of the deposition shall be read to or by the deponent, unless such reading is waived by the parties and the deponent. Any changes which the deponent wishes to make shall be entered upon the deposition by the officer, with a statement of the reasons given by the deponent for such changes. The deposition shall be signed by the deponent unless the parties by stipulation waive such signing, or unless the deponent is ill or cannot be found or refuses to sign. the deponent does not sign, the officer shall sign and shall state on the record the reason why the deponent did not sign. In such case the deposition shall be as valid as though signed by the deponent, unless the referee finds that the

If

2 Words in quotation marks are from 24 Stat. 383; 49 U.S.C. 12, which is made applicable to proceedings under the Commodity Exchange Act by sec. 6(b), 42 Stat. 1001, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 15.

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reason given by the deponent for his refusal to sign requires rejection of the deposition in whole or in part.

(f) Certification by officer. The officer shall certify on the deposition that the deponent was duly sworn by him and that the deposition is a true record of the deponent's testimony. He shall then securely seal the deposition, together with two copies thereof, in an envelope and mail the same by registered mail to the hearing clerk.

(g) Use of depositions. A deposition ordered and taken in accord with the provisions of this section may be used in a proceeding if the referee finds that the evidence is otherwise admissible and (1) that the witness is dead; or (2) that the witness is at a greater distance than 100 miles from the place of hearing, unless it appears that the absence of the witness was procured by the party offering the deposition; or (3) that the witness is unable to attend or testify because of age, sickness, infirmity, or imprisonment; or (4) that the party offering the deposition has endeavored but has been unable to procure the attendance of the witness by subpena; or (5), in any event, upon application and notice, that such exceptional circumstances exist as to make it desirable, in the interests of justice and with due regard to the importance of presenting the testimony orally before the referee, to allow the deposition to be used. If any part of a deposition is put in evidence by a party, and other party may require the production of the remainder, or any other portion, of the deposition.

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(a) Issuance of subpenas. The attendance of witnesses and the production of documentary evidence from any place in the United States on behalf of any party to the proceeding may, by subpena, be required at any designated place of hearing. Subpenas may be issued by the Secretary or by the referee, upon a reasonable showing by the applicant of the grounds, necessity, and reasonable scope thereof.

(b) Application for subpena duces tecum. Subpenas for the production of documentary evidence, unless issued by the referee upon his own motion, shall be issued only upon a verified written application. Such application shall specify, as exactly as possible, the documents desired and shall show their competency,

relevancy, and materiality and the necessity of their production.

(c) Service of subpenas. Subpenas may be served (1) by a United States Marshal or his deputy, or (2) by any other person who is not less than 18 years of age, or (3) by registering and mailing a copy of the subpena addressed to the person to be served at his or its last known principal place of business or residence. Proof of service may be made by the return of service on the subpena by the United States Marshal or his deputy; or, if served by an individual other than a United States Marshal or his deputy, by an affidavit of such person, stating that he personally served a copy of the subpena upon the person named therein; or, if service was by registered mail, by an affidavit made by the person mailing the subpena that it was mailed as provided herein and by the signed returned post-office receipt: Provided, That where the subpena is issued on behalf of the Secretary, the return receipt without an affidavit of mailing shall be sufficient proof of service. In making personal service, the person making service shall leave a copy of the subpena with the person subpenaed; the original, bearing or accompanied by the required proof of service, shall be returned to the official who issued the same.

§ 0.14 Fees of witnesses.

Witnesses summoned before the referee or before the Secretary shall be paid the same fees and mileage that are paid witnesses in the courts of the United States, and witnesses whose depositions are taken, and the persons taking the same, shall be entitled to the same fees as are paid for like services in the courts of the United States. Fees shall be paid by the party at whose instance the witness appears or the deposition is taken. § 0.15 Prehearing conferences.

In any proceeding in which it appears that such procedure will expedite the proceeding, the referee, at any time prior to the commencement of the oral hearing, may request the parties or their counsel to appear at a conference before him to consider (a) the simplification of issues; (b) the necessity or desirability of amendments to pleadings; (c) the possibility of obtaining stipulations of fact and of documents which will avoid unnecessary proof; (d) the limitation of the number of expert or other witnesses;

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and (e) such other matters as may expedite and aid in the disposition of the proceeding. No transcript of such conference shall be made, but the referee shall prepare and file for the record a written summary of the action taken at the conference, which shall incorporate any written stipulations or agreements made by the parties at the conference or as a result of the conference. If the circumstances are such that a conference is impracticable, the referee may request the parties to correspond with him for the purpose of accomplishing any of the objects set forth in this section. The referee shall forward copies of letters and documents to the parties as the circumstances require. Correspondence in such negotiations shall not be a part of the record, but the referee shall submit a written summary for the record if any action is taken.

§ 0.16 Referee's report.

(a) Filing the transcript of evidence. As soon as practicable after the close of the hearing, the reporter shall transmit to the hearing clerk the transcript of the testimony and the exhibits introduced in evidence at the hearing, except such portions of the transcript and exhibits as shall have been delivered to the referee. The hearing clerk will advise each party to the proceeding as to the date on which the transcript was filed.

(b) Proposed findings of fact, conclusions, and orders. Within 10 days after receipt of notice that the transcript has been filed, each party may file with the hearing clerk proposed findings of fact, conclusions, and orders, based solely upon the record, and a brief in support thereof.

(c) Referee's report. The referee, within a reasonable time after the termination of the period allowed for the filing of proposed findings of fact, conclusions, and orders, and briefs in support thereof, shall prepare, upon the basis of the record, and shall file with the hearing clerk, his report, a copy of which shall be served upon each of the parties.

(d) Exceptions. Within 20 days after receipt of the referee's report, the parties may file exceptions to the report. Any party who desires to take exception to any matter set out in the report shall transmit his exceptions in writing to the hearing clerk, referring to the relevant pages of the transcript, and suggesting a corrected findings of fact, conclusion, or

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