Science, Technology and the EconomyNational Academies Press, 1996. gada 1. janv. - 104 lappuses |
Saturs
An exploration | 1 |
Modeling the flow of patent citations over time and across | 8 |
The future of the national laboratories | 15 |
Longterm change in the organization of inventive activity | 23 |
Where are the increasing returns to economic research? | 30 |
Are the returns to technological change in health care declining? | 38 |
Patterns of invention and innovation in the formation of the biotechnology | 46 |
Evaluating the federal role in financing healthrelated research | 54 |
Publicprivate interaction in pharmaceutical research | 62 |
Environmental change and hedonic cost functions for automobiles | 94 |
Purpose and Performance | 102 |
The challenge of contracting for technological information | 106 |
An economic analysis of unilateral refusals to license intellectual property | 112 |
Bieži izmantoti vārdi un frāzes
accidentally inserted adopted catheterization alglucerase analysis antitrust areas Ariel Pakes aspirin assigned basic research benefits billion biotechnology breaks are true capital catalytic converters characteristics citations coauthoring collaboration commercial competition compulsory licensing consortium contracting CRADA differences diffusion discoveries drug Econ effects efficient emissions standards essential facilities estimates federal field financing firms function funding geographic high-volume hospitals important increase indicate industry innovation input institutions intellectual capital intellectual property inventive activity inventors knowledge marginal cost measures monopoly myocardial infarction National Science Foundation NBEs NBFs nonrival organizations original paper book output pharmaceutical potentially cited patent price discrimination private sector profits programs property rights R&D spending rates refusal to deal relative research and development scientific Sematech semiconductor significant ẞ₁ star scientists subsidy substantial Table technological change trade United universities variables