pipe is considered as a beam, the fluid as a moving string. The equations describing the vibrations are derived variationally, with the constraint of a common vibration amplitude of both fluid and pipe. The Lagrange multiplier associated with the constraint gives the interaction force between pipe and fluid. The modes are determined by a perturbation procedure. The analysis shows how the time delay between the vibrations of two appropriately chosen points of the pipe may serve to determine the mass flow rate of the fluid. The precise role of the Coriolis force is considered. The improvements of the used approximation are discussed. ESA N91-10259# Rolls-Royce Ltd., Derby (England). Theoretical Science Group. C. M. Vaughan, S. Gilham (Sussex Univ., Brighton, England ), and (PNR-90679; ETN-90-97927) Copyright Avail: NTIS HC/MF A03 A finite difference solution algorithm incorporating a multigrid acceleration technique is presented. Applications to rotating disc flows are included. Comparisons to a one grid algorithm are made. The multigrid scheme is shown to be efficient over a wide range of test cases, including fully turbulent compressible non isothermal flow at high rotational speed. Comparisons with previous numerical and experimental results confirm the accuracy of the current code. ESA N91-10260# Rolls-Royce Ltd., Derby (England). Presented at AGARD PEP 74th Secondary Flow in Turbomachines, Luxembourg, Two transient techniques, used to measure to heat transfer coefficient distributions in nozzle guide vane passages, are described. The first employs liquid crystal methods in a cold heat transfer tunnel and examines the flow in a two dimensional cascade. The second uses localized thin film heat transfer gauges within an annular cascade at engine representative Mach numbers and Reynolds numbers. The resulting heat transfer coefficient distributions are interpreted in terms of the secondary flows and vortex structures. Typical heat transfer distributions are presented over the endwalls and blade surfaces. The endwall heat transfer results are analyzed for the annular cascade. ESA Advanced FLOW MEASUREMENTS IN TURBOMACHINERY USING D. G. Jones, R. J. Parker, and S. S. Wiseall Derby, England 26 Sep. 1989 37 p Presented at the 3rd International Conference on Laser Anemometry: Advances and Applications, Wales, 26-29 Sep. 1989; sponsored by University College of Swansea; I Mech E; and BHRA Sponsored in part by Ministry of Defence Procurement Agency, London, England (PNR-90717; ETN-90-97944) Copyright Avail: NTIS HC/MF A03 The optical techniques of holography and laser anemometry are powerful and complementary methods of non-intrusively probing flows in turbomachinery. Some factors and conflicting constraints which need to shape the design of optical techniques are discussed. The use of double pulsed holographic interferometry for flow visualization in transonic fans is described. The value of the technique for diagnosing and verifying the influence of design Most of the energy loss in turbine nozzles is associated with 3-D secondary flows that result from the interaction between the surface boundary layers and the nozzle row with its associated pressure field. Three alternative nozzles with differences in their designs to control secondary flows are studied. These chosen nozzle guide vanes are representative of the current generation of high hub-tip ratio aero engine nozzles. A computational analysis of all three nozzles is presented including predictions from three alternative viscous, 3-D methods. These detailed measurements and predictions demonstrate the influence of the vane geometries on the magnitude and the distribution of the secondary losses. ESA N91-10263# Swedish Defence Research Establishment, Umea. Kenneth Nyren and Stellan Winter Mar. 1990 22 p Sponsored by the Swedish Fire Research Board (FOA-E-40044-4.5; ISSN-0281-9945; ETN-90-97988) Avail: NTIS HC/MF A03; Swedish Defence Research Establishment, S-901 82 Umea, Sweden, The results of the pressure measurements, conducted on the pipeline before the nozzle and on the nozzle itself, are discussed. Using these measured data, the mass flow rate and jet momentum were calculated. It appeared that stagnation pressures 2.5 to 4 bars higher than the saturation pressure gave rise to pure liquid flow all the way up to the exhaust plane, where the pressure was equal to the saturation pressure. The experiment with the 15 mm nozzle showed that the jet momentum could be calculated with the flow rate equation presented with good accuracy. ESA 35 INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY Includes remote sensors; measuring instruments and gages; detectors; cameras and photographic supplies; and holography. For aerial photography see 43 Earth Resources and Remote Sensing. For related information see also 06 Aircraft Instrumentation, and 19 Spacecraft Instrumentation. N91-10264# Amptek, Inc., Bedford, MA. Alan C. Huber, John O. McGarity, John A. Pantazis, A. Wallace Everest, Ill, David J. Sperry, and Scott J. Moran 5 Apr. 1989 12 p (Contract F19628-87-C-0094) (AD-A211566; GL-TR-89-0098) Avail: NTIS HC/MF A03 CSCL 14/2 Flight prototype sensor systems using spherical sections and electrostatic deflection are being developed, fabricated, tested and calibrated. The detectors will measure the flux of ions and electrons over a 100 degree x 10 degree angular fan and in 32 discrete energy levels from 10 eV to 10 KeV. This report describes the sensor system design for an instrument package for shuttle flight as well as studies being performed investigating the feasibility of using strip detectors to produce a multiangular solid state detector for high energy particles and the use of time of flight techniques for mass determination and a correlator to look for wave-particle interactions. N91-10265 Wisconsin Univ., Madison. THIN FILM THERMOMETERS AND FLOWMETERS FOR APPLICATIONS IN LIQUID HELIUM Ph.D. Thesis Douglas Scott Holmes 1989 275 p Avail: Univ. Microfilms Order No. DA9013348 Author A flowmeter design was developed and investigated for the metering of liquid He II bulk flows in small channels. The flowmeter consists of a thin film heater with thin film temperature sensors located upstream and downstream from the heater. Thin film temperature sensors were developed based on amorphous semiconductor-metal alloys. The amorphous films were deposited by dc magnetron sputtering in an argon plasma. The thin film heaters and sensors can be placed on the inside walls of a flow channel and do not restrict the flow or cause cavitation as do venturi or turbine flowmeters. One mode of flowmeter operation is to pulse the heater, creating second sound pulses which travel upstream and downstream to the temperature sensors. The Doppler shift in the pulse arrival times can be related to the bulk flow velocity. A second mode of operation requires a continuous sinusoidal driving current supplied to the heater to produce second sound and a lock-in amplifier to detect the resulting signal at a temperature sensor either upstream or downstream from the heater. The phase shift of the received signal is related to the bulk flow velocity. The resolution and accuracy of second sound based flowmeters are shown to depend on channel size and heater-to-detector distance, bulk flow velocity, a maximum allowable heat flux from the heater to the He II, and attenuation of second sound by quantum turbulence in the flowing He II. Doppler shift flowmeter operation was successful. Phase shift flowmeter operation was unreliable, probably as a result of unfavorable geometry. Dissert. Abstr. N91-10266# Los Alamos National Lab., NM. AN IMAGING X-RAY MICROSCOPE USING A LASER PLASMA SOURCE AND A SCHWARZCHILD OBJECTIVE H. K. Pew and G. L. Stradling 1990 16 p Presented at the X Ray Microscopy Conference, London, England, 3-7 Sep. 1990 (Contract W-7405-eng-36) (DE90-016432; LA-UR-90-2915; CONF-9009235-1) Avail: NTIS HC/MF A03 This paper presents some design considerations for an imaging x-ray microscope to be used in the 'water window' region of the spectrum. The usefulness of such an instrument is discussed. The suitability of current soft x-ray sources and optics are discussed, and the selection of a laser plasma source and a multilayer coated Schwarzchild objective is justified. Also, problems associated with the production of figured multilayer coatings for the 'water window' region are discussed. DOE N91-10267# Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA. Field Test A NEW METHOD FOR DOING FLAT-FIELD INTENSITY (DE90-016475; UCRL-JC-104336; CONF-900756-37) Avail: NTIS HC/MF A02 The flat-field intensity calibrations of ITT downhole streak cameras were previously done with a bandpass filtered flashlamp/integrating sphere combination. However, this system had several problems when characterizing ITT streak cameras that were spatially multiplexed. The main problem, simply stated, was that there was excessive charge build-up on the phosphor screen of the microchannel plate image intensifier (MCPII) before the sweep of the streak camera started. Consequently, the swept CCD image has as many as twenty rows of saturated pixels. In addition, contamination or charge spillover into other rows of the CCD readout became an issue. This article outlines a better approach for doing flat-field calibrations which avoids the CCD saturation problem. DOE N91-10268*# National Aeronautics and Space Administration. A LASER-SHEET FLOW VISUALIZATION TECHNIQUE FOR M. S. Reinath and J. C. Ross Sep. 1990 15 p A flow visualization technique for the large wind tunnels of the National Full Scale Aerodynamics Complex (NFAC) is described. The technique uses a laser sheet generated by the NFAC Long Range Laser Velocimeter (LRLV) to illuminate a smoke-like tracer in the flow. The LRLV optical system is modified slightly, and a scanned mirror is added to generate the sheet. These modifications are described, in addition to the results of an initial performance test conducted in the 80- by 120-Foot Wind Tunnel. During this test, flow visualization was performed in the wake region behind a truck as part of a vehicle drag reduction study. The problems encountered during the test are discussed, in addition to the recommended improvements needed to enhance the performance of the technique for future applications. Author N91-10269# Ceramphysics, Inc., Westerville, OH. A MINIATURE INEXPENSIVE, OXYGEN SENSING ELEMENT Quarterly Report No. 8, 30 Apr. - 31 Jul. 1990 R. W. Arenz 31 Jul. 1990 8 p (Contract DE-FG01-88CE-15401) (DE90-014080; DOE/CE-15401/T8) Avail: NTIS HC/MF A02 This paper is a progress report by: Ceramphysics, Inc. on the design, fabrication and testing of a miniature, inexpensive, oxygen sensing element. Four tasks are discussed. The first is the choice of ceramics, development of a sealing technique and the design of a heating element; the second is preliminary fabrication; the third the testing of prototypes and final fabrication; and the fourth is the preparation of the final report. DOE N91-10270# Physical Optics Corp., Torrance, CA. HOLOGRAPHIC RUGATE STRUCTURES FOR X RAY OPTICS APPLICATIONS Final Report Tomasz Jannson and Gajendra Savant 19 Mar. 1990 160 p (Contract DE-FG03-86ER-13600) (DE90-017103; DOE/ER-13600/T1) Avail: NTIS HC/MF A08 A novel approach to x ray optics was proposed and investigated, based on the well established technologies in volume holography and holographic materials. With these technologies, a majority of conventional XUV optical elements, such as uniform and nonuniform gratings/multilayers, lenses, slanted (non-Snellian) mirrors, Fresnel zone-plates, concentrators/collimators, beam splitters, Fabry-Perot etalons, and binary optical elements, can be fabricated using a unified, low cost process. Furthermore, volume holography offer nonconventional optical elements, such as x ray holographic optical elements (HOEs) with any desirable wavefront formation characteristics and multiple gratings multiplexed in the same volume to perform different operations for different wavelengths, that are difficult or even impossible to produce with DOE the existing technologies. N91-10271*# National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (NASA-TM-103288; E-5507-1; NAS 1.15:103288) Avail: NTIS HC/MF A03 CSCL 14B A new Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) data acquisition and analysis system, which is an order of magnitude faster than any previously proposed system has been constructed and tested. The new Particle Displacement Tracing (PDT) system is an all electronic technique employing a video camera and a large memory buffer frame-grabber board. Using a simple encoding scheme, a time sequence of single exposure images are time coded into a single image and then processed to track particle displacements and determine velocity vectors. Application of the PDT technique to a counter-rotating vortex flow produced over 1100 velocity vectors in 110 seconds when processed on an 80386 PC. Author A FACILITY FOR CALIBRATING CALORIMETER GAUGES AT A method of calibrating calorimeter gauges at high rates convective heating was developed. The method calibrates the voltage produced by the thermocouple embedded in the gauge to the heat flux measured by a thin film gauge. The extremely high rates of heat transfer are produced by an acetylene flame. The gauges were also calibrated at lower heat fluxes using a butane flame. The gauge calibration coefficient was found to be sensibly insensitive to the heat transfer rate. ESA N91-10484*# Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY OF EPPLEY BROADBAND William L. Smith, Jr. and Stephen K. Cox In NASA, Langley p 183-186 (For primary document see N91-10448 01-47) (Grants NAG1-554; NSF ATM-85-21214) Avail: NTIS HC/MF A17 CSCL 14B N91-10532*# National Aeronautics and Space Administration. COMPARISON AND CALIBRATION OF NCAR ELECTRA Philip H. Austin and Reinout Boers In NASA, Langley Research 36 LASERS AND MASERS Includes parametric amplifiers. For related information see also 76 Solid-State Physics. N91-10273# Texas A&M Univ., College Station. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. THE 3-D LASER ANEMOMETER STUDY OF COMPRESSIBLE FLOW THROUGH ORIFICE PLATES Annual Report, Sep. 1988 - Oct. 1989 Gerald L. Morrison, Kenneth R. Hall, and James C. Holste Nov. 1989 141 P (Contract GRI-5086-260-1340) (PB90-216771; GRI-90/0036) Avail: NTIS HC/MF A07 CSCL 20E Two experimental facilities were constructed, one for the measurement of the pressure distributions on the pipe wall upstream and downstream of the orifice plate and on the orifice plate surface. The other for use with a laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) system to measure the complex flow field inside the orifice run. Pressure measurements for Beta = 0.50 and 0.75 have been performed at Reynolds numbers from 18,400 to 122,800. These results show the influence of the orifice plate extending less than 0.5 diameters upstream. On the upstream surface of the orifice plate the pressure remains constant over the outer regions of the plate then decreases rapidly near the hole. The pressure remains constant on the downstream face of the orifice plate. The pressure recovery on the pipe wall downstream of the orifice plate is characterized by a minimum pressure occurring at X/R = 1.0 for Beta = 0.50 and X/R approx. O for Beta = 0.75 and the distance required for full pressure recovery is approximately four pipe diameters. The 3-D LDA flow field measurements have been performed upstream and downstream of the orifice plate for Beta 0.50 at Reynolds numbers of 18,400, 54,700 and 91,100. These data include the mean velocity vector field and contour plots of the axial and radial mean velocities, and the entire Reynolds stress tensor. These data show the vena contracta, the primary recirculation zone downstream of the orifice plate, a secondary recirculation zone at the downstream base of the orifice plate, a small recirculation zone on the upstream face of the orifice plate at the pipe wall, and the development of the flow into fully developed pipe flow downstream of the orifice plate. GRA = Two dimensional effects on laser propulsion performance were studied analytically using an ideal gas model. The two processes considered for an axially symmetric detonation wave are the effect of radial expansion within the detonation reaction layer and the effect of radial expansion in the region between the detonation wave and the base plate. In both cases, the two dimensional effects cause the reduction of the base pressure and the total thrust. The amount of reductions of base pressures are calculated and are plotted as functions of the reaction length/beam radius and beam radius/detonation were travel distance, respectively. Each report will be individually cataloged. DOE N91-10275# Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM. 1990 John Porter, Rick Spielman, Keith Matzen, Gene McGuire, and Tom Hussey 16 p Presented at the SDIO/T/IS Ultra Short Wavelength Laser Briefing, Washington, DC, Aug. 1990 (Contract DE-AC04-76DP-00789) (DE90-014946; SAND-90-1944C; CONF-9008128-1) Avail: NTIS HC/MF A03 Progress made at Sandia Laboratories on x ray lasers is summarized. Experiments have demonstrated two main requirements necessary for constructing a radiation pumped soft x ray laser: (1) a source of sufficient intensity to produce high grain, and (2) creation of a significant population of neon ions close to the pump. DOE (Contract W-7405-eng-48) (DE90-016473; UCRL-101768; CONF-8911192-6) Avail: NTIS HC/MF A03 A major concern in the operation of the LLNL 120 kJ Nova laser system is damage to the nominal I-meter diameter mirrors (i.e., HR coatings). The damage appears to originate from microscopic defects that vary in size up to approximately 30 (mu)m in diameter. These defects produce damage sites up to 250 microns and, in some cases, covering 20 percent or more of the mirror surface. Defects due to particulates that are in or under the coating are highly unlikely due to the fact that coating thickness is only 5 microns thick and particles up to 30 microns would produce surface roughness that could be easily detected. Consequently, the defects must be plate-like (i.e., 2-D) in nature. A by-product of the damage is a haze left on the surface of the mirror. This haze is analyzed and shown to be blown-off particles of ZrO2/SiO2 coating material. The particle morphology suggests nucleation from a vapor phase which implies localized heating in the coating to temperatures on the order of 3000 K. Some possible damage mechanisms are also explored. N91-10279# Los Alamos National Lab., NM. CUMULATIVE BEAM BREAKUP OF THE GROUND-BASED-FREE-ELECTRON LASER DOE K. C. D. Chan and G. Spalek Aug. 1990 15 p Presented at the 12th International Free Electron Laser Conference, Paris, France, 17-21 Sep. 1990 (Contract W-7405-eng-36) (DE90-016485; LA-UR-90-2845; CONF-9009166-1) Avail: NTIS HC/MF A03 Strategies employed by the Ground-Based Free Electron Laser system to maintain beam stability in its RF linac against cumulative beam breakup is described. These strategies include a proper choice of cavity shape and the use of staggered tuning. Simulations show that the growths of effective transverse emittance due to cumulative beam breakup can be limited to 10 percent. N91-10280# Los Alamos National Lab., NM. DOE J. C. Goldstein, R. L. Tokar, B. D. McVey, C. J. Elliott, D. H. Dowell, M. L. Laucks, and A. R. Lowrey (Boeing Aerospace Co., Seattle, WA.) 1990 24 p Presented at the 12th International Free Electron Laser Conference, Paris, France, 17-21 Sep. 1990 (Contract W-7405-eng-36) (DE90-016488; LA-UR-90-2809; CONF-9009166-2) Avail: NTIS HC/MF A03 New results are presented from the integrated numerical model of the accelerator/beam transport system and ring optical resonator of the Boeing free electron laser experiment. Modifications of the electron beam transport have been included in a previously developed PARMELA model and are shown to reduce dramatically emittance growth in the 180 deg bend. The new numerically generated electron beam is used in the 3-D FEL simulation code FELEX to calculate expected laser characteristics with the ring optical resonator and the 5-m untapered THUNDER wiggler. Gain, extraction efficiency, and optical power are compared with experimental data. Performance sensitivity to optical cavity DOE misalignments is studied. N91-10281# Fermi National Accelerator Lab., Batavia, IL. SSC DIPOLE MAGNET MEASUREMENT AND ALIGNMENT USING LASER TECHNOLOGY 9 P A. Lipski, J. A. Carson, and W. F. Robotham Jun. 1990 (DE90-014881; FNAL-TM-1671; CONF-900348-13) Avail: NTIS HC/MF A02 Advancing into the prototype production stage of the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) dipole magnets has introduced the need for a reliable, readily available, accurate alignment measuring system which gives results in real time. Components and subassemblies such as the cold mass and vacuum vessel are being measured for various geometric conditions such as straightness and twist. Variations from nominal dimensions are also being recorded so they can be compensated for during the final assembly process. Precision laser alignment takes specific advantages of the greatest accuracy. When combined with an optically produced perpendicular plane, this results in a system of geometric references of unparalleled accuracy. This paper describes the geometric requirements for SSC dipole magnet components, sub and final assemblies as well as the use of laser technology for surveying as part of the assembly process. DOE N91-10282# Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA. David B. Harris, J. Al Sullivan, Joseph F. Figueiro, David C. (Contract W-7405-eng-36) (DE90-016439; LA-UR-90-2887; CONF-900918-3) Avail: NTIS HC/MF A02 The krypton-fluoride laser has many desirable features for inertial confinement fusion. Because it is a gas laser capable of operation with high efficiency, it is the only known laser candidate capable of meeting the driver requirements for inertial fusion energy (IFE) production. Los Alamos National Laboratory has defined a program plan to develop KrF lasers for IFE production. This plan develops the KrF laser and demonstrates the target performance in single-pulse facilities. A 100-kJ Laser Target Test Facility (LTTF) is proposed as the next step, to be followed by a 3 to 10-MJ Laboratory Microfusion Facility (LMF). The LTTF will resolve many target physics issues and accurately define the driver energy required for the LMF. It is also proposed that the technology development for IFE, such as the high-efficiency, high-reliability, repetitively pulsed driver, the reactor, mass production of targets, and the mechanism of injecting targets be developed in parallel DOE with the single-pulse facilities. N91-10283# Institut Franco-Allemand de Recherches, Saint-Louis (France). INVESTIGATION OF PULSED LASER TARGET INTERACTION PROCESSES BY HIGH-SPEED DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES Manfred Hugenschmidt 29 Sep. 1989 13 P Presented at 18th International Congress on High-Speed Photography and Photonics, Xian, Shaanxi, China, 29 Aug. - 2 Sep. 1988 (ISL-CO-234/89; ETN-90-97575) Avail: NTIS HC/MF_A03 The application of laser power densities above the plasma ignition threshold to any dielectric, semiconducting, or metallic target material is capable of providing a most efficient energy transfer by an enhanced coupling mechanism. Experimental investigations of pulsed laser target interaction phenomena in a medium power density range below air breakdown threshold are described. When infrared lasers are considered, these values are in the range of some hundreds MW/sq cm or even below, for UV-lasers these values may be higher by one or two orders of magnitude. This range is of particular interest, as plasma induced thermomechanical processes are governing and improving the energy transfer. The most interesting features are occurring, however, if trains of pulses are applied, thereby building up high average power densities so that target effects are integrated temporally. These effects are then increasing rapidly giving rise to fast heating, melting, vaporization and subsequent ablation, including thermally induced chemical reactions. An overview on current research in the above mentioned field is given and recent measurements are described. ESA HYDROGEN MASER: RESULTS OF EVALUATIONS DONE BY (CNES-DRT/TIT/TF-88/338-T; ETN-90-97811) Avail: NTIS The performances of two hydrogen masers are evaluated. The system can be used in space applications such as orbitography. High stability of the quartz oscillators, is required. In order to precisely measure these oscillators, references such as hydrogen masers are needed. Using different measurement sets, the two masers were tested in different time domains exhibiting excellent short term performances (for counting time from 100 to 10,000 seconds). ESA N91-10285# Universiteit Twente, Enschede (Netherlands). Hendrik Willem Jentink 1989 145 p Sponsored by Netherlands (ISBN-90-9002803-X; ETN-90-97771) Avail: NTIS HC/MF A07 The development of very small velocimeters for biomedical and industrial applications with emphasis on instrumentation and theory for skin blood flow measurements is addressed. Characteristics of the diode lasers used in the velocimeters are presented and discussed. The problems of tissue perfusion measurements are discussed. The optical probe of a developed differential laser Doppler velocimeter is described and is smaller than any gas laser equipped equivalent. The practical realization and theoretical description of a developed self mixing velocimeter is studied. Demands of temporal coherence on spectral characteristics of the diode laser and spatial coherence determination of signal magnitudes in correlation with detection sizes and detector positions in the various velocimeters are considered. ESA Anemometry (LDA) is used. The LDA method has the advantage not to be intrusive and to be able to discriminate between forward and reverse velocities. Experimental investigations which show that the particle passage through the laser beams shortly before the point of superposition yields a distorted LDA fringe pattern are summarized. The period length of an individual LDA burst-passing the center of the measuring volume at the same time varies according to the distortion of the fringe spacing. ESA 37 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Includes auxiliary systems (nonpower); machine elements and processes; and mechanical equipment. N91-10287 Pennsylvania Univ., Philadelphia. Avail: Univ. Microfilms Order No. DA9015189 An approach is provided to the solution of a number of key problems in robotics, namely planning, force and motion control of a highly redundant manipulator system by means of a special computer architecture. Robotic control is a computationally intensive task. The real time requirement makes many control formulations impractical. In particular, planning and redundancy control require so much computation that they are performed off-line. Planning algorithms are global in nature and are carried out before motion starts. Redundancy control involves the computation of a pseudoinverse of a 6 x n matrix which is computationally expensive and thus real time control is very difficult. The motion and force control of a highly redundant robotic system is studied. A local, time optimal planning algorithm is formulated to provide the robot with a time optimal trajectory. A hybrid motion/force control method for a highly redundant system using joint space partition and compensation is also presented. At the same time, a special purpose Systolic Array Processor is studied and its applications in robotics are explored. Because of the matrix nature of control formulations, a matrix engine based on the systolic computational structure greatly enhances the computational power of the robot controller making real time planning and control possible. Dissert. Abstr. N91-10288# Caterpillar Tractor Co., Peoria, IL. D. J. Waldman Jun. 1990 68 p Prepared for ORNL, TN (Contract DE-AC05-840R-21400) (DE90-014783; ORNL/Sub-86-SB195/1) Avail: NTIS HC/MF A04 Through the cooperation of several organizations including the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) acting under the auspices of the DOE Alternative Fuels Utilization Program, heavy duty transient and steady-state emissions tests were conducted on four alternative fuel configurations of the Caterpillar 3406 engine. These included a diesel baseline, glow plug ignited methanol (diesel cycle), lean-burn spark ignited natural gas, and dual fuel (diesel pilot ignited natural gas). Results indicated methanol and natural gas both show excellent potential for low NOx and low particulate emissions. With these fuels however, unburned fuel emissions were much higher, especially in the dual fuel case, than the diesel baseline. Particulate emissions from the methanol and lean burn gas engines are thought to be almost entirely lube oil sourced. All of the configurations will require significant reduction in hydrocarbon and/or particulate emissions in order to meet the 1994 EPA emissions standards for heavy duty truck engines. DOE N91-10289# Oak Ridge National Lab., TN. Fusion Energy Div. MODELING OF HYDROCARBON FUELING J. T. Hogan and A. Pospieszczyk (Kernforschungsanlage, Juelich, Germany, F.R.) Jul. 1990 18 p Presented at the 7th American |