16 CIRCLES. 1. Circle Altkirch.... 4. Circle Gebweiler.. from Montreux Château to the northern boundary The additional Article III. to the same treaty also modifies the boundary in the south of Belfort. It reads as follows: The cession of territory near Belfort, which the German Government, in Article I. of the present treaty, offers in exchange for the rectification of the frontier west of Thionville, is enlarged by the territory of the following villages: Rougemont, Leval, Petite-Fontaine, Romagny, Félon, La Chapelle-sousRougemont, Augeot, Vauthiermont, La Rivière, La Grange, Reppe, Fontaine, Frais, Foussmagne, Cunelières, Montreux-Château, Bretagne, Chavannesles-Grands, Chavanatte, and Suarce. The road from Giromagny to Remiremont which leads over the Ballon d'Alsace will remain with France in its whole extent, and, as far as it lies outside of the canton Giromagny, will serve as boundary. The five departments of Northeastern France which were affected by the cession of territory have the following number of inhabitants: I. Department Bas-Rhin. II. Department Haut-Rhin. III. Department Vosges.. IV. Department Meurthe V. Department Moselle.. 688,970 418,998 452,157 The territory of the new German province of Alsace and Lorraine is composed of the following five parts: I. The entire department Bas-Rhin. 1. Of the arrondissement Belfort.. Inhabitants. 2. Of the arrondissement Colmar. 21,637 Total of the Department Haut-Rhin.... 473,305 III. Of the department Vosges is ceded to Germany: Of the arrondissement St. Die..... IV. Of the department Meurthe is ceded to Germany: 1. Of the arrondissement Saarburg.. 2. Of the arrondissement Salzburg. 64,737 55,363 Total of the Department Meurthe...... 120,100 V. Of the department Moselle is ceded to Germany : 1. Of the arrondissement Metz...... 2. Of the arrondissement Briey.. 3. Of the arrondissement Diedenhofen. 4. Of the arrondissement Saargemünd.. 160,701 10,585 90,591 131,876 Total Upper Rhine.. 14. Circle Zabern.. Total Lower Rhine... 11. Strasbourg country circle. 75,015 75,394 63,732 88,652 Inhabitants. 1,353.73 473,305 1,839.85 610,607 2,404.37 . 513,853 1,597,765 III. Department of Lorraine. Total Lorraine.... DEPARTMENTS. Lower Rhine. Upper Rhine. Total Alsace and Lorraine... 5,597.95 In May, the Federal Council of Germany submitted to the Reichstag a bill for incorporating Alsace and Lorraine into the German Empire. They were not to be annexed to any particular German state, but to constitute a province of the empire, immediately subject to the Imperial Government and the Federal rangement, which took many by surprise, was authorities. The reason for making this arthus explained by Prince Bismarck in a speech made in the German Diet on May 25th: It is first necessary to reconnoitre the country. What we now have to give the Alsatians is the right of German citizenship, the privilege of free intercourse in Germany in commercial and social relations. We must come to a conclusion respecting the form in which we will give them this citizenship. Thereby it can only be a question whether Alsace shall be annexed to one of the existing states of the Union, or whether it shall be a direct province of the empire, until it shall have become domesticated in the family. It has only earnestly come in question whether Alsace shall be given to Prussia, or whether it shall be an imperial province. I have expressed myself unconditionally for the latter alternative, as I regard it as more easy for the Alsatians to become friendly to the name of "German" than to that of "Prussian." It is our task to strengthen particular Total of the Department Moselle....... 393,753 ism in Alsace. The more they regard themselves as ALSACE AND LORRAINE. faction, which is by no means consistent with the intentions of the Government. There would be mutual denunciations and suspicions. I much less fear the municipal authorities, when elected by the parishes, than our own officials. If I should be deceived in this hope, it is an advantage of an energetic Government that it can promptly repair trifling errors. Under every How far we are able to go in leaving the country to govern itself, I will not here decide. circumstance we will go as far as is consistent with the security of the country. This is a task which is new to my previous sphere of action; and it is so difficult that I do not approach it without hesitation. The task that I created for myself on assuming charge of the Prussian ministry, to restore, the German Empire in some form, has been accomplished, and I regard my political obligations to my Fatherland in a certain degree as finished; and if I, at my age, am not terrified at the task, it is because of my interest in the welfare of the inhabitants of Alsace. I regard myself as their advocate Prince Bismarck declared himself opposed to the two provisions which the committee of the Diet had added to the bill, as proposed by the Federal Council, especially the one shortening the dictatorial power of the Imperial Government. The vote was taken on June 3d. Clause 1, which incorporates Alsace and Lorraine with Germany as a direct province of the empire, was agreed to with only two dissenting voices. On clause 2, which provides that the dictatorial power shall continue until the 1st of January, 1873, Prince Bismarck stated that the difference between his views and those of the Parliament consisted in his considering that the wishes and requirements of the country were not sufficiently taken into account in the decisions arrived at by the Parliament. It was possible, perhaps, that even before 1873 he might be in a position to propose that the Alsatians should take part in parliamentary legislation; he might also admit them before that date to the Federal Council. He persisted in the wish for a longer term of dictatorial power, because he believed that the Government would, for a time, treat Alsace in a more generous manner than Parliament. He pointed out the peculiarities of the country, which it would be necessary to handle with care, mentioning as instances the positions of lawyers and bailiffs, whose offices had hitherto been acquired by purchase, and who would therefore have to be indemnified, if the presSuch labors ent arrangements were modified. as these modifications would render necessary were not suitable for the action of Parliament; otherwise, the duration of a session would be illimitable. At a later stage of the discussion, Prince Bismarck stated, in order to avoid any misunderstanding, that the participation of Alsace in the deliberations of the Parliament would not be identical with the introduction of the imperial constitution in Alsace, but would rather be a sort of preparatory course. In the bill it was provided that some portions of the constitution might be put in force before the validity of the bill ceased, and this might be done with regard to electoral rights without thereby restricting legislation for Alsace A VOL. XI.-2 to a parliamentary form. Clause 2 was then Municipal elections were held in Alsace and The administration of the new German The Univerprovince will be gradually assimilated to that of the remainder of Germany. sity of Strasbourg will be reorganized, and the Government intends to make it one of the prominent universities of the German Empire, hoping that a German university will exercise man sentiments among the mass of the people. a great influence in favor of a revival of GerThe gymnasia, normal and primary schools, Compulsory education has already will soon be reconstructed under the German system. been introduced. As regards the two languages of the new province, the Strassburger Zeitung, of August 27th, contains the following official communication: "It is, of course, understood that instruction in the German language will at once be obligatory in all the schools, and that, in every class, at least six hours a week will be devoted to it, so as to enable the pupils to pass the examinations. The lowest class of every institution must conduct the entire instruction, with the exception of the French, to which six hours will be given, in the German language. For the following years it is intended to divide, in the higher classes of the learned institutions, the several branches among the two languages, using the German language for the instruction in Latin, Greek, history, and geography." AMERICA. The year 1871 has been eventful in history, in witnessing the settlement, by peaceful arbitration, of the long-standing disputes between the United States and England. The most important of these disputes is to be adjusted by a tribunal at Geneva, for which each of the contracting parties, as well as the King of Italy, the President of the Swiss Confederation, and the Emperor of Brazil, appointed one member. The Emperor of Germany, in compliance with the joint wish of the two Governments, consented to act as the arbitrator of the disputed water-boundary between the United States and Great Britain. The outrages committed in Corea against an American surveyingparty led to an armed expedition against that country, in which several forts were destroyed, after which the expedition returned, as it was found impracticable to obtain any further result. The most important events in the internal history of the United States were the organization of a Territorial Government for the District of Columbia, and the adoption of stringent measures for the suppression of polygamy among the Mormons. In October, the President, in pursuance of an act of Congress, commonly known as the Ku-klux law, issued a proclamation suspending the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus in nine counties of South Carolina, on the ground that unlawful combinations of men endeavored to deprive the emancipated class of the substantial benefit of freedom, and to prevent the free political action of those citizens who did not sympathize with themselves. The national debt of the United States was during the year reduced to the extent of $86,057,126; but the prosperity of the country, on the other hand, greatly suffered by terrible fires, especially in the city of Chicago, and in the woods of Wisconsin, Michigan, and Minnesota. Under the presidency of a commissioner of the United States, a conference was held at Washington between the plenipotentiaries of Spain and the allied South American republics, which resulted in an armistice, with a reasonable assurance of a permanent peace. The Empire of Brazil has taken the initiatory steps toward the abolition of slavery; but in the West India colonies of Spain the reforms in this direction which were promised by the Spanish Government have not been carried out, the laws and regulations for the apparent abolition of slavery in Cuba and Porto Rico retaining most of the laborers in life-long bond age. In Brazil another important reform has been inaugurated by the introduction of compulsory education. The republics of Spanish America have been in a more disturbed condition than usual. Almost every one, with the exception of Chili, has been a prey to civil war, and in several the disturbances continued during the greater part of the year. In Ecuador, Bolivia, Guatemala, and Salvador, the regular government was overthrown by a successful revolution. Venezuela and Colombia appear to be bankrupt, as they are unable to meet the financial responsibilities which they incurred by formal treaties. Real progress is made in Chili and in the Argentine Republic, where the cause of education is advancing. The struggle of the Cubans for their independence continued throughout the year, though there appears to be no hope for their immediate success. Unheard-of atrocities were committed by the Spaniards in their attempts to suppress the insurrectionary movements, and all demonstrations in their favor. The Government of the United States found it necessary to instruct the naval commanders in Cuban waters to spare no effort in case it should become necessary to protect the lives and property of bona-fide American citizens, and to maintain the dignity of the flag. In accordance with a resolution passed by Congress, President Grant, in January, appointed three commissioners to visit San Domingo and report upon the condition of affairs on the island. In April the President sent to Congress the report of the commissioners, which is highly favorable to the annexation of the republic to the United States. While the ruling party in San Domingo continued to show a great anxiety for having the annexation scheme carried out, public opinion in Hayti strongly declared itself against the measure. (See PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.) ANDERSON, ROBERT, Brigadier and Brevet Major-General, U. S. A., born at "Soldiers' Retreat," near Louisville, Ky., June 14, 1805; died at Nice, France, October 26, 1871. His father was a colonel in the Revolutionary army, and his mother a cousin of Chief-Justice Marshall. He graduated from the Military Academy at West Point as brevet second-lieutenant of First Artillery, but was transferred to the Second Artillery as full second-lieutenant the same year. After spending a few months at Santa Fé de Bogota as private secretary of the United States minister there, he returned, and was ordered to the artillery-school for practice at Fortress Monroe, Va., where he remained until 1828, being then placed on ordnance duty, upon which he continued until 1832. Though only a second-lieutenant in the regular army, he received, May 9, 1832, the honorary appointment of assistant inspector-general with the rank of colonel of Illinois Volunteers, in the "Black Hawk War," and as such was engaged in the battle of "Bad Axe" under Gen ANDERSON, ROBERT. eral Atkinson. The war against the Sac Indians having terminated, he passed the following three years in the performance of garrison and ordnance duties, and the succeeding two at the Military Academy in giving instructions in the department of artillery. In 1837-'38 he served in the Florida War, was engaged in several sharp actions with the Seminoles, and for his gallantry and successful conduct during these hostilities was brevetted captain April 2, 1838, the date of his capture of forty-five Indians near Fort Lauderdale. From May 9 to July 7, 1838, he was aide-de-camp to MajorGeneral Scott during the emigration of the Cherokees to the west of the Mississippi, and at the latter date, on the reorganization of the staff of the army, was made assistant adjutantgeneral, continuing on duty with General Scott at New York, the headquarters of the Eastern Department, until July, 1841, when he became a member of a board of officers to examine his own translation from the French of "Instruction for Field Artillery-Horse and Foot," which he had prepared for the service of the United States and published in 1840. This work he supplemented in 1860, with a translation of "Evolutions of Field-Batteries." He was promoted October 23, 1841, to a captaincy of artillery, preferring which he accepted his line and relinquished his staff appointment. Until 1847 he was engaged on board and garrison duties, and then joined his old commander in his great campaign in Mexico, continuing with him from the siege of Vera Cruz until disabled by a severe wound received September 8, 1847, in assaulting the enemy's works at Molino del Rey, where, for his bravery, he was brevetted a major. After recovering from his wound he was placed on garrison and artillery board duty until July 11, 1853, when he became governor of the branch military asylum at Harrodsburg, in his native State, an institution of which he was the founder. After holding this appointment until November 1, 1854, he was put on various board and inspection duties until the autumn of 1860, in the mean time, October 5, 1857, being promoted major of the First Artillery. Holding this rank, he was selected by General Scott, with whom he had always been a favorite, to command the United States troops in Charleston harbor, where there was already a speck of war appearing above the horizon. General Scott selected Major Anderson for this position, from his full confidence in his integrity, though knowing him to be extensively connected with the South both by birth and marriage. Owing to the directions of John B. Floyd, Buchanan's Secretary of War, Anderson was not allowed a battalion, but only two skeleton companies (80 officers and men in all), and November 20, 1860, made his headquarters at Fort Moultrie, appealing constantly, but in vain, to the Government for reenforcements and supplies. Deeming Fort Moultrie untenable, under the threatened assault of the secessionists, he transferred his entire command to Fort Sum- STEAMSHIP BALTIC, OFF SANDY HOOK, ROBERT ANDERSON, Major First Artillery. The day after leaving Fort Sumter, Anderson, with his little tried band of seventy men, sailed for New York, where he was most enthusiastically received, the city authorities marking their approbation of his services by conferring upon him the freedom of the city. In 1865 he was permitted to hoist the Union flag again over the ruins of Fort Sumter. President Lincoln, in recognition of Anderson's services, appointed him, May 15, 1861, a brigadier-general in the Regular Army, and 20 ANDREW, JAMES O. placed him in command of the Department In 1870 he went abroad, first to Dresden, then to Tours, and finally to Nice, hoping for relief in the mild, congenial climate of Southern France; but his health was so broken by his long service and severe wound in the army, and his constitution so shattered by the hardships and anxiety he had endured at Fort Sumter, that death in his sixty-seventh year at last came to end his sufferings. ANDREW, Right Rev. JAMES OSGOOD, D. D., the senior bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church South, born in Georgia in 1794; died in Mobile, Ala., March 2, 1871. He joined the South Carolina Conference in 1812 or 1813, received deacon's orders in 1814, and full ordination in 1816. After passing through the usual course of promotion in the Methodist Church, being for several years a presiding elder, etc., he was ordained bishop by the General Conference which met in Philadelphia in 1832. He had, meantime, married a lady who owned slaves; but, though this fact was known at the time of his ordination as bishop, and the declarations of Wesley on the subject were very explicit, yet no action was taken in regard to his disqualification till the conference which met in New York in 1844. Even then the action seems not to have been formal or regular, in the nature of an impeachment, but, after a long and somewhat heated discussion, a resolution was passed requesting him to desist from exercising the functions of a bishop until he should cease to be a slaveholder. Thereupon, the representatives of thirteen Southern conferences presented a protest against the action of the General Convention, and expressed their conviction that the further exercise of jurisdiction over them by the General Convention would be prejudicial to the interests of the Church in the Southern States. This led to the complete organization, in May, 1845, of the "Methodist Episcopal Church South," of which Bishop Andrew became one of the first bishops, and over it he presided till his death. Bishop Andrew was an able preacher, a man of genial and kindly temper, not fond of strife or controversy. He has left very few published writings, principally sermons and addresses, but till the failure of his health was a very active and devoted superintendent of ANGLICAN CHURCHES.* According to The dioceses in India and the Colonies are classified geographically in the Kalendar of the English Church, as follows: East Indies.-Bombay, Calcutta, Columbo, Labuan, Madras; five dioceses. Total number of clergy, 441; income of bishops, about £12,260. West Indies.-Antigua, Barbadoes, Jamaica, Nassau; four dioceses. Number of clergy, 248; income of bishops, £8,625.. South America.-Guiana; one diocese. NumSouth Africa.-Cape Town, Grahamstown, ber of clergy, 33; income of bishop, £2,000. St. Helena, Natal, Mauritius, Central Africa seven dioceses. Number of clergy, 185; in(missionary), Orange River State (missionary); come of bishops, £5,145. West Africa.-Sierra Leone, Niger (missionary); two dioceses. Number of clergy, 49; income of bishops, £1,282. Australia.-Adelaide, Brisbane, Goulburn, Melbourne, Newcastle, Perth, Sydney, Tasmania; eight dioceses. Number of clergy, 362; income of bishops, £7,938. Canada and North America.-Frederickton, Huron, Montreal, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Number of clergy, 550; inOntario, Quebec, Rupert's Land, Toronto; come of bishops, £9,428. nine dioceses. Number British Columbia; one diocese. New Zealand.-Christ Church, Nelson, of clergy, 15; income of bishop, £620. Number of clergy, 66; income of Auckland, Wellington, Whai-a-pua; five dioMelanesia (Pacific ceses. Other dioceses are: bishops, £2,420. Ocean); income of bishop, £500. Honolulu (vacant); clergy, 3; income, £500. Victoria (Hong-Kong); clergy, 19; income, £1,000. Gibraltar, clergy, 41; income, £1,100. JeruThe general total aggregates, 47 dioceses; salem (missionary); clergy, 15; income, £800. 1,977 clergy; income, £53,718. A decision involving points of doctrine was rendered by the Lord-Chancellor on the 11th of February, on appeal, in the case of the Rev. Charles Voysey, who had been condemned and sentenced to deprivation by the Chancery Court of York, for doctrines held to be erro"The Sling and Stone." It was charged, unneous, which he had set forth in a book entitled *For an account of the Anglican Church in the United States, see PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH. |