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CONTENTS.
Industrial condition abroad of members of immigrant households studied.
Principal occupation of immigrant employees before coming to the United
States...
PART I--GENERAL SURVEY OF THE BITUMINOUS COAL MINING
CHAPTER I.-Introduction:
INDUSTRY.
Expansion in bituminous coal-mining operations since 1860..
Increase in number of employees...
Geographical divisions studied.
Households studied...
Members of households for whom detailed information was secured.
Employees for whom information was secured.
Comparative scope of the investigation..
Method of presenting data collected..
CHAPTER II.-Racial displacements:
Racial movements to, and displacements in, the bituminous coal-mining
industry
Period of residence in the United States of foreign-born employees and
members of their households...........
Racial classification of employees at the present time..
CHAPTER III.-Economic status:
General occupation of women at the present time, in the households studied.
General occupation of males at the present time, in the households studied.
Status of the first and second generations compared......
Occupations entered in the bituminous coal-mining industry.
46
47
49
Daily earnings..
Relation between period of residence and earning ability.
Annual earnings of male heads of families studied..
Annual earnings of males 18 years of age or over in the households studied.
Annual family income..
Wives at work...
Annual earnings of females 18 years of age or over in the households
studied.
Relation between the earnings of husbands and the practice of wives of
keeping boarders or lodgers..
Sources of family income...
Relative importance of the different sources of family income.
CHAPTER IV.-Working conditions:
Hours of work....
The company-store system...
50
63
68
80
84
88
94
Benefits received by employees in addition to wages.
Regularity of employment..
The immigrant and organized labor..
CHAPTER V.-Housing and living conditions:
Housing and living conditions....
Living arrangements....
Rent in its relation to standard of living.
Boarders and lodgers.....
Size of apartments occupied.
Size of households studied.
Congestion...
96
100
105
106
112
117
121
123
Age classification of employees and members of their households...
CHAPTER VII.-General progress and assimilation:
169
Ownership of homes..
177
Status of children in the households studied.
180
Citizenship...
182
Ability to speak English..
194
CHAPTER VIII.-Recent immigration in its relation to accidents in coal mines:
The responsibility of employees for accidents..
215
Recent and old immigration compared...
Lack of experience on the part of recent immigrants..
Fatalities in West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Indiana..
Inexperience as a cause of accidents.....
Racial composition of the operating forces of bituminous mines.
Opinions of state mine inspectors and agents of the Federal Government..
Opinions of mine workers and attitude of labor organizations...
Conclusion..
216
218
224
228
233
237
240
241
PART II-THE BITUMINOUS COAL MINING INDUSTRY IN PENN-
Employees for whom information was secured
246
249
History of immigration to Pennsylvania bituminous coal mines...
members of their households.....
251
261
265
Industrial condition abroad of members of immigrant households studied..
States.
269
273
Daily earnings
274
275
288
Relation between period of residence and earning ability
291
295
Actual annual earnings of representatives of selected races..
Annual earnings of females 18 years of age or over in the households studied.
Detailed expenditures of families studied
CHAPTER VII.-Industrial progress and efficiency:
Opinions of coal operators as to progress of immigrant employees...........
Employers' statements as to efficiency of immigrant mine workers accord-
ing to specified standards....
The use of intoxicants in its relation to efficiency..
CHAPTER VIII.-Industrial effects of immigration:
Employment of recent immigrants made possible a remarkable growth in
Page.
328
330
334
337
340
344
346
347
353
355
357
415
416
419
Age classification of employees and members of their households.
CHAPTER XIV.-Working conditions:
Regularity of employment and method of wage payments..
CHAPTER XV.-Industrial progress and efficiency:
Industrial progress and efficiency...
The use of intoxicants in its relation to efficiency
Preferences of the mining operators for mine workers.
CHAPTER XVI.-Salient characteristics:
501
502
Conjugal condition of mine workers..
Location of wives of foreign-born mine workers.
Age classification of employees...
Reasons for employing immigrants.
Changes in industrial methods and organization
Housing conditions
Employment of children
Segregation...
Diseases peculiar to immigrants.
Criminality
Property holdings
Bank deposits.
Money sent abroad.
503
505
507
CHAPTER XVII.-Industrial and other effects of immigration:
509
510
511
512
School attendance and progress.
CHAPTER XVIII.-General progress of immigrants in the community:
Immigrants in business.
Ability to speak English of foreign-born employees.
Literacy
Citizenship and interest in political and civic affairs.
Church facilities.
Americanization
515
516
517
518
520
523
525
527
528
Inducements and obstacles to immigration..
CHAPTER XX.-Population and racial displacements:
Racial distribution of the population.
History of immigration to the community.
CHAPTER XXI.-Economic status:
Occupations of immigrant employees in the mining industry..
Earnings of mining employees...
Money sent abroad..
CHAPTER XXII.-Working conditions:
Wages and hours....
Liability to accident or disease
Medical or hospital service.
Company stores..
Company houses.
532
533
534
537
539
541
543
544
545
546
549
Adaptability and supervision
Sobriety
550
Preferences of mining operators as regards immigrant labor..
CHAPTER XXIV.-Housing conditions:
Tendency to congregate near mines.
551
Housing of Americans compared with that of recent immigrants
Permanent homes...
CHAPTER XXVI.-Salient characteristics:
Conjugal condition of mine workers
Age classification of employees.
CHAPTER XXVII.-Effects of immigration:
Diseases peculiar to immigrants and effect on public health...
Industrial and social effects of immigration upon the community.
CHAPTER XXVIII.-General progress of immigrants in the community:
Ability to speak English
School facilities and attendance
557
560
562
563
567
569
570
571
PART III.-THE BITUMINOUS COAL MINING INDUSTRY IN THE
MIDDLE WEST.
575
Members of households for whom detailed information was secured..
Employees for whom information was secured......
576
578
History of immigration to the coal fields of the Middle West....
581
Racial classification of employees at the present time
members of their households....
Racial movements to representative localities..
Representative communities in Illinois..
Representative communities in Indiana.
Representative districts in Ohio
CHAPTER III-Economic status:
587
589
591
610
614
States..
619
622
General occupation of women at the present time, in the households
studied
623
Daily earnings....
624
635
637
639
641
642
Wives at work
643
Sources of family income..
645
Relative importance of the different sources of family income..
Recent immigrants have made possible the development of the industry..
Surplus labor supply of recent immigrants and its effects.
668