Italians fourth and fifth, respectively. The detailed presentation of the various races follows:

CHAPTER XIII.

ECONOMIC STATUS.

Occupations entered by immigrants-Daily earnings-Relation between period of residence and earning ability-[Text Tables 255 to 258].

OCCUPATIONS ENTERED BY IMMIGRANTS.

Almost all immigrants coming to the community enter the coal mines as unskilled laborers. Only a few of each race fail to enter the mines, and these are engaged in miscellaneous pursuits common to mining localities. In the mines the largest number of all races are found working as miners and loaders, the Magyars, Slovaks, and Poles, in the order named, being found in the greatest numbers. As all mining is done by machines, the number of men engaged in loading is much greater than the number in the more skilled work, such as operating the machines, but among the machine men the Magyars, Poles, and Slovaks are found in the greatest numbers. A few Magyars and Slovaks are employed as electricians, heading men, spraggers, etc. The races above named have entered the mines as laborers in the unskilled occupations, together with the other races represented in the community, and have steadily advanced in the scale of occupations. The distribution of races in the different occupations in the mining industry may be seen from the table next presented, compiled from the data received from 3,025 mining employees in the community. In connection with what has already been stated relative to occupations, it is interesting to note that apart from the older English-speaking and German immigrants, the races engaged in the greatest number of occupations are the Slovaks, Poles, Magyars, and North Italians.

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TABLE 255.-Occupation of coal-mining employees, by race.

DAILY EARNINGS.

The following table shows the number of male employees, 18 years of age or over, earning each specified amount per day, by general nativity and race.

TABLE 256.-Number of male employees 18 years of age or over earning each specified amount per day, by general nativity and race.*

*This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary lost time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showing annual earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year.

a Not computed, owing to small number involved.

Of a grand total of 2,437 males, as shown in the above table, it will be seen that none earn under $1, and only 8 earn under $1.50, per day. The largest number, or 1,583, earn $2 and under $2.50, while 440 earn from $1.50 to $2, 399 earn from $2.50 to $3.50, and 6 earn over $4 per day, only 1 earning $3.50 and under $4.