TABLE 20.-Per cent of foreign-born persons in the United States each specified number of years, by locality and by race of individual-Continued.

• This total includes persons not given in the localities, because within a locality no race was tabulated unless 10 or more schedules were secured.

Not computed, owing to small number involved.

A study of the foregoing table shows that of those immigrants reporting in the South 65.8 per cent have been in the United States less than five years, as compared with 37.4 per cent of those in Pennsylvania, 36.4 per cent of those in the Southwest, and 25.7 per cent of those in the Middle West. In the third section of the tableunder twenty years-it will be seen that, with the exception of the South, the relative position of the localities has undergone a change. The Middle West, by way of illustration, shows in the longer period of residence a higher per cent than the Southwest, whereas in the shorter period of residence the positions are reversed. Another interesting fact is that a larger proportion of the foreign-born in the Southwest than in any other locality have been in the United States over twenty years, while the smallest proportion with this period of residence is shown by the South.

To arrive at a clearer understanding of the distribution of the foreign-born throughout the several localities, by length of residence in the United States, the proportion of a race in one locality may be compared with the proportion of the same race in another. For example, 38.6 per cent of the Poles in Pennsylvania, as compared with 44.2 per cent of those in the Middle West, 69.4 per cent of those in the South, and 50.9 per cent of those in the Southwest have been in the United States less than five years, indicating that of the more recent arrivals of the Polish race a larger proportion than formerly have gone into other localities than Pennsylvania. Of the South Italians and North Italians in the Middle West, 32 per cent of the former and 22.2 per cent of the latter have been in the United States less than five years, as compared with 43.1 and 37.8 per cent, respectively, in Pennsylvania, 69.5 and 74.7 per cent, respectively, in the South, and 53.7 and 46.4 per cent, respectively, in the Southwest. The conclusion as to the Poles, above mentioned, will hold true of several other foreign races. Fifty per cent of the Russians in Pennsylvania, 43.7 per cent of the Croatians and 43.1 per cent of the South Italians, have been in the United States less than five years. Excepting the Irish, who report zero, the English in this locality,

with 12.1 per cent, show the smallest proportion with a residence of less than five years in the United States. Comparing these same races in the same locality for a longer period of residence, it will be seen that the Russians show 82.2 per cent, and the Croatians 78 per cent, less than ten years in the United States. The proportion shown by the English is the same as in the shorter period of residence, and the Irish report 10 per cent to have lived in the United States less than ten years.

RACIAL CLASSIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES AT THE PRESENT TIME.

The following table shows the number of male employees of each race for whom information was secured:

TABLE 21.-Male employees for whom information was secured, by general nativity and race.

Upon reference to the above table it is seen that 21 per cent, or slightly more than one-fifth, of the total number of employees furnishing information, are native white of native father, and 7.6 per

cent, or about one-thirteenth, are native-born negroes. About onetenth, 9.5 per cent, are native-born persons of the second generation of immigrants, or, in other words, the native-born children of foreign fathers. Of the total number of employees furnishing information 61.9 per cent are of foreign birth. Of the second generation 7,140, or 8.1 per cent of the total number of employees and more than fourfifths of the total native-born of foreign father, are children of the older immigrants of England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Germany, France, Belgium, Sweden, and Canada. Only about 1 per cent of the total number of employees are native-born children of immigrants from Austria-Hungary, Russia, Italy, and other countries of southern and eastern Europe.

Of all races of immigrants the foreign-born Slovaks are the most extensively employed in bituminous mining, 12.8 per cent of the total number furnishing information being of this race. The foreign-born Poles and Italians come next in the extent of their employment in the industry. The Poles constitute 8.3 per cent, and the North and South Italians combined 12.3 per cent, of the total number in the table. The Magyars, Croatians, Russians, and Slovenians rank next, the Magyars constituting 5.3 per cent and the Russians, Croatians, and Slovenians each more than 2 per cent of the total number of employees. The races of recent immigration from southern and eastern Europe, as a whole, constitute about one-half of the total number of bituminous mine workers. The foreign-born immigrants from Great Britain and northern Europe amount to approximately onetenth of the total number of employees.

The following table shows, by locality, the race of the male employees for whom information was secured:

TABLE 22.-Race of male employees for whom information was secured, by locality; per cent distribution.

TABLE 22.-Race of male employees for whom information was secured, by locality; per cent distribution-Continued.

From this table it will be seen that while in the Middle West, Pennsylvania, and the Southwest a larger proportion of the employees in the bituminous coal-mining industry are foreign-born than nativeborn, a much larger proportion in the South are native-born than foreign-born. In the South, the negroes native-born of native father show a larger proportion than do the whites native-born of native father.

As regards the native-born of foreign father it will be seen that in both the Middle West and Pennsylvania the highest per cent is reported by those whose fathers were born in Germany, while in the Southwest the highest per cent is reported by those whose fathers were born in England.

Of the different foreign-born races reporting in each specified locality, it will be seen that in the Middle West the North Italian, Lithuanian, German, Polish, English, and Slovak, and in Pennsylvania the Slovak, Polish, Magyar, North Italian, South Italian, and Croatian are the only races reporting a proportion in excess of 4 per cent. In the South, no race but the South Italian and North Italian shows a proportion as high as 3 per cent, while in the Southwest the North Italian, Austrian, South Italian, English, French, and Polish races report proportions in excess of that figure.

Of the foreign-born Pennsylvania shows the largest proportion, or 75.7 per cent, as compared with the smallest, 29.1 per cent, as shown in the South; the Southwest shows 59.2 per cent and the Middle West 50.3 per cent.

Considering the whites native-born of native father, the South and Middle West show the largest proportions, or 32.6 per cent and 32 per cent, respectively, while the Southwest and Pennsylvania show 23.8 per cent and 13.1 per cent, respectively. The South shows the largest proportion, or 35.7 per cent, of the negroes native-born of native father, while the other localities range from 5.6 per cent in the Southwest to 1.9 per cent in Pennsylvania.

Of persons native-born of foreign father, the Middle West shows the largest proportion, or 14.5 per cent, followed by the Southwest with 11.3 per cent, as compared with the smallest, or 2.5 per cent, as shown in the South.

As regards those foreign-born races which constitute 1 per cent or more of the total number of employees, it will be seen that the English, Germans, and Lithuanians form a larger proportion of the total mine employees in the Middle West than in any other region, while in Pennsylvania the Croatians, Magyars, Poles, Russians, Slovaks, and Slovenians show larger proportions than elsewhere. On the other hand, a larger proportion of South Italians is shown in the South than in any other locality, while the Irish, North Italians, Scotch, and Austrians are found in largest proportions in the Southwest. 48296°-VOL 6-11- 4