h the exception of vagrancy, the offenses against public policy more common among immigrant groups than among the Amerihites. This is plainly shown in the following summary table:

28.-Relative frequency of offenses against public policy: Chicago police arrests,

The total of offenses against public policy was proportionately greater among the Chinese offenders than among those of any other nationality. This was chiefly due to the large number of Chinese gambling cases. Of offenses of violence against public policy the Italians, Slavonians, Austrians, and Lithuanians had the highest percentage of arrests. This is significant when it is remembered that three of these, the Italians, Slavonians, and Lithuanians, had the greatest relative frequency of arrests for offenses of personal violence. The violation of city ordinances was far more common among the Greeks than among any other group of persons. The higher percentage of arrests for vagrancy among the American whites and the English than among any other nationalities is noteworthy.

The figures of offenses against chastity, as presented in the following table, show that the greatest proportion of such offenses was found among the French offenders, and that crimes connected with prostitution formed a larger percentage of all the crimes of that nationality than of those of any other. With the exception of the French and Russian immigrant groups, offenses against chastity taken as a whole were more frequent causes of arrest among American white offenders than among those of any foreign-born group, although they formed larger percentages of the crimes of American negroes than they did of the crimes of American whites. The American negro percentage is, , however, less than the French or Russian.

TABLE 29.-Relative frequency of offenses against chastity: Chicago police arrests,

1905 to 1908.

MASSACHUSETTS PENAL INSTITUTIONS: COMMITMENTS DURING THE YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER 30, 1909.

Periodic reports of all commitments are made to the state board of prison commissioners by all penal institutions in Massachusetts. These reports show the country of birth of each offender and (with the exception of those from the state farm") of his father, together with the crime for which he was committed and other personal data.

a The reports of the state farm alone fail to show the country of birth of the offender's father.

hese records much valuable information regarding the crimiof immigrants and natives may be obtained. In the yearly of the Massachusetts board of prison commissioners some of ormation is published, but no figures are given showing the ion of nativity and parentage with specific crimes.

der to make available more of the data contained in these it records of Massachusetts penal institutions, agents were ed by the Immigration Commission to copy from the original filed with the state board of prison commissioners data showing of birth, country of birth of father, and crime for which comof all persons committed to Massachusetts penal institutions the year ending September 30, 1909. These data were then ed to conform as nearly as possible to the other tabulated data e that have been compiled by the Immigration Commission. total number of commitments to all institutions other than e farm of persons convicted of violations of law was 28,330. ments to the state farm are not included because the reports institution do not show the country of birth of the fathers of rs and therefore are not wholly comparable with those of nstitutions.

28,330 commitments to which analysis has been confined are by class of offense and nativity and race of the offender in the ng table:

).—Distribution of classes of crime: Massachusetts' penal institutions, Oct. 1, 1908, to Sept. 30, 1909.

• Includes " Other countries" and persons not reporting nativity or parentage. Includes 10 commitments of persons not reporting nativity.

e Includes" Other countries.'

d Includes 121 commitments of persons not reporting parentage.

TABLE 30.-Distribution of classes of crime: Massachusetts penal institutions, Oct. 1, 1908, to Sept. 30, 1909-Continued."

a Includes "Other countries" and persons not reporting nativity or parentage.
Includes 10 commitments of persons not reporting nativity.

e Includes " Other countries."

d Includes 121 commitments of persons not reporting parentage.

This table shows that only one group of immigrant offenders had a larger proportion of commitments for the gainful offenses than the group of those native-born of native father. This immigrant group is that of Italian birth, of whose total commitments those for the gainful offenses formed 20.7 per cent. Between this percentage and that of the native-born of native father, however, the difference is slight, the latter being 20.6 per cent. Not only had no foreign-born group except the Italian so high a percentage of commitments for the gainful offenses as had the native-born of native father, but the percentage of none of the groups of native-born of foreign father equaled that figure. Five of the immigrant nationalities, Scotch, English, Swedish, Finnish, and Irish, show smaller percentages than any group of native-born of immigrant father.

Of the five groups native-born of foreign father, four show larger percentages than the foreign-born of corresponding race. The single exception is that of persons born in the United States whose fathers came from Germany, their percentage being 18 while that of persons of German birth is 19.4. The groups of Canadian, English, Irish, and Scotch parentage had, respectively, larger percentages than the groups of Canadian, English, Irish, and Scotch birth.

Six of the 11 immigrant groups appearing in the above table show higher percentages of commitments for offenses of personal violence than the group of persons native-born of native father. Of these six the Italian is the largest percentage, offenses of personal violence causing 24 per cent of all the commitments of persons born in Italy. ext in rank is the Austro-Hungarian group, whose percentage is 22.8.

ving this is the Polish percentage, which is 16.4, and fourth in s the Russian group, 15.5 per cent of whose commitments were Eenses of personal violence. The other two immigrant groups g larger percentages than that of persons native-born of native are the German and Finnish, in both of which offenses of perviolence played a much smaller part than in the four immigrant s first mentioned. The German percentage is 7.7 and the h 7. Considerably less than that of any of these six groups was oportion of commitments for offenses of personal violence of -born offenders of native father, the percentage being 5.3. nough six immigrant groups show higher percentages of comnts for offenses of personal violence than the group of persons -born of native father, not one of the five groups of nativehildren of immigrants has a higher percentage. This appears markable, however, when it is observed that only one of these roups (that of German descent) consisted of persons whose s came from any of the countries of birth of the six immigrant s above referred to (Italy, Austria-Hungary, Poland, Russia, ny, and Finland). This is probably chiefly due to the fact that these nationalities except the German are of comparatively immigration and thus have not large numbers of Americanhildren of criminal age. But it is a striking fact that five of x immigrant groups exhibiting greater relative frequency of es of personal violence than that shown by the group of persons -born of nonimmigrant parentage should have come from ies of recent immigration.

relations of the native-born groups of foreign parentage to rresponding groups of foreign birth are rather unlike those by the figures of commitments for the gainful offenses. Comnts for offenses of personal violence are shown to have been ely less frequent among the groups of persons native-born of father than among the corresponding groups of the foreignour of the five native groups of foreign parentage (that of Irish age being the exception) showing smaller percentages than rresponding immigrant groups.

nses against public policy caused a greater number of committo penal institutions in Massachusetts during the year ending aber 30, 1909, than all other crimes combined, the number of ommitments being 22,099.

he total commitments of the foreign-born from Ireland they the largest proportion, 90 per cent. Of those of the foreignom Italy they comprised the smallest, 41.8 per cent.

of the 11 immigrant groups of offenders-those from Ireland, , Finland, Scotland, England, and Canada-and all of the 5 of native-born offenders of immigrant parentage, had higher tages of commitments for offenses against public policy than ive-born of nonimmigrant parentage.

he immigrant groups that of Irish birth had the largest proporad of the American-born groups that of Irish parentage had gest. Next in rank to that of immigrant offender from Iree the percentages of those from Sweden and Finl

ch countries is represented in the p shown in the table. After these t in order among the foreign-born