TABLE 62.-Number and per cent of households keeping boarders or lodgers, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[Information relating to boarders and lodgers covers only immediate time of taking schedule and not the entire year. Boarders are persons who receive both board and lodging.]

Of the 660 households studied in this industry, 35 per cent keep boarders or lodgers. As compared with the households whose heads are foreign-born, those households whose heads are native whites born of native father report an extremely low proportion keeping boarders or lodgers. Among the households whose heads are foreignborn, almost the entire number of Magyar households keep boarders or lodgers. Following the Magyar households are those of the North Italians, who report a considerably larger proportion keeping boarders or lodgers than do the Polish or Slovak households, and a very much larger proportion than do the German and Flemish households combined, the Flemish households reporting only 3.6 per cent.

The table following shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the average number of boarders or lodgers per household. The averages are based (1) on the total number of households studied and (2) on the number keeping boarders or lodgers.

TABLE 63.-Average number of boarders or lodgers per household, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[Information relating to boarders and lodgers covers only immediate time of taking schedule and not the entire year. Boarders are persons who receive both board and lodging.]

The average number of boarders or lodgers based on the total number of households is 1.30, while the average is 3.72 on the basis of the number of households keeping boarders or lodgers. Keeping boarders or lodgers is a much more general practice among the foreign-born than among the native-born of native father or the native-born of foreign father. There is, however, considerable variation among the specified races of foreign-born as to the relative frequency of boarders or lodgers. There were none in the French households which were investigated, and only a very small average number in the Flemish and German households. The Magyar households, on the contrary, average 5.59, and based only on Magyar households keeping boarders or lodgers the average number of 6.04.

SIZE OF APARTMENTS OCCUPIED.

The table following shows by general nativity and race of head of household the percentage of households occupying apartments of each specified number of rooms.

TABLE 64.-Per cent of households occupying apartments of each specified number of rooms, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more households reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

Of 660 households, data for which are included in the above table, less than 1 per cent occupy apartments of 1 room. The largest proportion, 32.6 per cent, are found occupying apartments of 4 rooms; 18.5 per cent occupy apartments of 5 rooms; and 6.4 per cent apartments of 7 or more rooms. When compared with the households whose heads are foreign-born, the households the heads of which are native-born of native father show the smallest proportion occupying apartments of 1, 2, 3, and 4 rooms and the largest proportion occupying apartments of 5, 6, and 7 or more rooms. The North Italian race shows the largest proportion of households occupying 1-room apartments. The proportion is 3.3 per cent. The Poles and Slovaks each show a proportion of less than 2 per cent. None of the Magyars occupy apartments of 2 rooms, while 19.4 per cent of the households the heads of which are foreign-born Slovaks occupy apartments of 2 rooms. No foreign-born race shows a proportion of less than 23.6 per cent or more than 50 per cent of households occupying 4-room apartments. None of the households the heads of which are foreignborn Flemish, North Italians, or Magyars occupy apartments of 7 or Almost 15 per cent of the households the heads of which are German occupy apartments of 7 or more rooms. The Poles and Slovaks each show a proportion of less than 1 per cent.

more rooms.

SIZE OF HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The range in the size of households may be seen in the table next presented, which shows by general nativity and race of head of household the percentage of households of each specified number of persons.

48296-VOL 14-11-7

TABLE 65.-Per cent of households of each specified number of persons, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more households reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

Of a total of 660 households the largest proportion, or 16.7 per cent, is composed of 3 persons each. Households of 4 persons, 5 persons, 6 persons, and 2 persons follow in the order named, while 9.8 per cent are households of 10 or more persons, 9.7 per cent households of 7 persons, 6.8 per cent households of 8 persons, and 4.5 per cent households of 9 persons. That the households the heads of which are foreign-born are more congested than the households the heads of which are native-born of white native father is apparent from the fact that the proportion of the former is smaller than the proportion of the latter of each specified number of persons up to 6, beyond which the position is reversed. This condition is emphasized by the proportion of households of 10 or more persons, there being 11.9 per cent of the households the heads of which are foreign-born of this number of persons, as against 1.7 per cent of the households the heads of which are native-born of white native father.

The households whose heads are Magyars exhibit an exceptional condition, 63 per cent of such households being composed of 10 or more persons. It is noticeable also that the proportion of households of 10 or more persons whose heads are North Italians is as large as the proportion of households of either other specified number of persons.

CONGESTION.

The preceding tables and discussion have indicated the crowded conditions within the households. In the series next presented the degree of congestion is more directly set forth, together with the resultant effect upon living conditions. The first table submitted shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the average number of persons in apartments of each specified number of rooms.

TABLE 66.-Average number of persons in apartments of each specified number of rooms, by general nativity and race of head of household.

a Not computed, owing to small number involved.

The above table shows that 660 households connected with the glass industry had on the average 5.53 persons to each apartment. This average was slightly higher among the foreign-born than the general average, while that for the second generation was lower. Among the races of the foreign-born the Magyars have much the highest average number of persons to each apartment, the Flemish and French the smallest averages.

The table next presented shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the average number of persons per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room.

TABLE 67.-Average number of persons per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room, by general nativity and race of head of household.