GENERAL OCCUPATION OF WOMEN AT THE PRESENT TIME IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED. The series of tables next presented set forth the general industrial condition of the glass workers and the members of their households in this country. The first table, which immediately follows, shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the general occupations of females in the households studied who were 16 years of age or over: TABLE 35.-General occupations of females 16 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual. (STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.) [This table includes only races with 20 or more females reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.] Of the total number of females 16 years of age or over, 92.8 per cent are at home; 4.3 per cent are employed in other than the specified occupations. The foreign-born show 96.6 per cent at home, a greater proportion than any other group. The native-born of foreign father have the smallest proportion, 72.2 per cent, at home. The latter, however, show a larger proportion in domestic service, in trade, otherwise employed, and at school than any other class. The foreign-born report the smallest proportion in every general occupation except at home. Excepting the Flemish, each specified race of foreign-born have a larger proportion at home than the native-born of native father. A comparatively large proportion of the Flemish are employed in other than the specified occupations. OCCUPATIONS OF THE FIRST AND SECOND GENERATIONS COMPARED. The table which follows shows, by general nativity and race of father and birthplace of individual, the percentage of males in the households studied 16 years of age or over who were engaged in the manufacture of glass. TABLE 36.-Per cent of males 16 years of age or over engaged in the manufacture of glass, by general nativity and race of father and by birthplace of individual. (STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.) [This table includes only races with 20 or more males born in the United States and also 20 or more born abroad. The native-born of native father are shown for comparative purposes.] The preceding table shows that over 95 per cent of the male employees 16 years of age or over who are native-born whites of native father are engaged in the manufacture of glass, while less than 5 percent are otherwise employed. Of the Germans who were born abroad, 97.2 per cent are engaged in the manufacture of glass and only 2.8 per cent are otherwise employed. Somewhat less than 95 per cent of the Germans who were born in the United States are employed in the glass industry, while slightly less than 6 per cent of those who were born in this country are otherwise employed. WEEKLY EARNINGS. In the series of tabulations next submitted the average amount and the range in amount of earnings of glassworkers in the different branches of the industry in this country are exhibited. The table which follows shows, by general nativity and race, the per cent of male employees of plate-glass factories 18 years of age or over who were earning each specified amount per week. TABLE 37-Per cent of male employees 18 years of age or over earning each specified amount per week, by general nativity and race-Plate glass.* (STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.) [This table includes only races with 80 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.] *This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary lost time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showing annual earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year. Of the total number of male employees, the greater proportion earn $10 a week or over; 34.3 per cent earn $12.50 a week or over. The proportion earning each larger rate per week diminishes to 1.2 per cent who earn $25 or over. The highest level of earnings is among the native-born of foreign father, the majority of whom earn $12.50 a week or over. The native-born negroes also show a majority earning $12.50 or over, but the proportions earning each larger specified rate is considerably smaller than the proportion of native-born of foreign father. The latter, consequently, have the highest average yearly earnings. The lowest level of earnings is among the foreignborn, of whom a bare majority earn $10 a week or over. There is, however, considerable variation in the earnings of the specified races. The Germans commonly earn at least $12.50 a week; 35.1 per cent earn $15 or over. The Magyars, Poles, and Slovaks commonly earn $10 a week or over. Of the Greeks, however, only 1.1 per cent earn $10 a week or over. The following table shows, by general nativity and race, the per cent of male employees in window-glass factories 18 years of age or over who were earning each specified amount per week: TABLE 38.-Per cent of male employees 18 years of age or over earning each specified amount per week, by general nativity and race- -Window glass.* (STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.) [This table includes only races with 80 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.] This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary lost time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showing annual earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year. It will be seen from the above table that the average earnings per week of the 1,432 male employees for whom information was obtained is $15.11, the foreign-born reporting an average of $14.11, as compared with $17.22 for the native-born of foreign father and $15.58 for the native-born of native father, white. As between the North Italians and South Italians, it will be noted that the former show a slightly higher average rate per week than do the latter. As regards the specified earnings of these employees, it will be noted that less than 1 per cent earn under $7.50, 53.3 per cent earn $12.50 or over per week, 44.5 per cent $15 or over, 34.1 per cent $17.50 or over, and 21.2 per cent $20 or over, while the proportion earning $25 or over per week is 8.9 per cent. The foreign-born, it will be noted, show a smaller proportion earning each specified amount than is shown in the total for all employees, the difference in proportions being slightly larger among those earning $15 or over per week than among those earning any other specified amount. On the other hand, both the native-born of foreign father and the whites nativeborn of native father, with the exception of those earning $25 or over, show proportions earning each specified amount per week in excess of those shown in the total, the former, in each instance, with the exception of those earning $7.50 or over, showing proportions in excess of those of the latter. The difference in these proportions, it will be noted, is larger among those earning $17.50 or over than among those earning any other specified amount. As between the North Italians and South Italians, it will be seen that, with the exception of those earning $7.50 or over, the former show a slightly larger proportion earning each specified amount per week than the latter. The following table shows, by general nativity and race, the percentage of male employees of bottle-manufacturing plants 18 years of age or over who were earning weekly each specified amount. TABLE 39.-Per cent of male employees 18 years of age or over earning each specified amount per week, by general nativity and race-Glass bottles.* (STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.) [This table includes only races with 80 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.] 201 97 19.87 99.0 89. 676. 163. 257. 2 54. 7 43. 336. 325. 921. 4 1.5 18. 62 99.092. 8 72. 258. 856. 7 49.5 40. 233. 0 17.5 10.3 2.1 9 108 80 Italian, South. . 315 Polish... 94 449 2,128 910 22. 43 100.0 98. 184. 373. 1 63.9 51.9 46. 3 42. 638.9 36. 1 time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. nabis table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary lost earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year. In the various tables in this report showing annual This table shows that the average weekly earnings of 3,038 male employees amounts to $15.73 per individual. Of the total number, 99.4 per cent earn $5 or over; 87.2 per cent $7.50 or over; 62.4 per cent $10 or over; 43.9 per cent $12.50 or over; 36.9 per cent $15 or over; 31.3 per cent $17.50 or over; 25.4 per cent $20 or over; 19.3 per cent $25 or over; 14.8 per cent $30 or over; 12.1 per cent $35 or over; and 1.6 per cent $40 or over. It will be noted that, generally speaking, the native-born of foreign father are the highest wageearners, native whites born of native father being next, the foreignborn third, and the native-born negro the last. Of the foreign-born races the Germans are the highest wage-earners, over 50 per cent earning over $17.50 per week, while over 36 per cent earn $35 or over The South Italians are the lowest wage-earners, none per week. earning as high as $15 per week. The table next presented shows by general nativity and race the percentage of male employees engaged in the manufacture of table. ware who were 18 years of age or over and who were earning each specified amount weekly. TABLE 40.-Per cent of male employees 18 years of age or over earning each specified amount per week, by general nativity and race— -Tableware.* (STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.) [This table includes only races with 80 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.] *This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary lost time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showing annual earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year. The above table shows that average weekly earnings of the total male employees reporting is $14.20. The native-born of foreign father show average weekly earnings of $15.07, as contrasted with native-born whites of native father with average earnings of $14.29 and foreign-born with average weekly earnings of $13.59. The table further shows that slightly over half of the male employees earn $12.50 or over per week, 41.3 per cent earn $15 or over, 28.4 per cent $17.50 or over, 21.1 per cent $20 or over, and 5.9 per cent $25 or over per week. Of those earning less than $12.50 per week, 69.3 per cent earn $10 or over, 91.3 per cent $7.50 or over, 99.5 per cent $5 or over, while a very small proportion earn less than $5 per week. The table following shows by general nativity and race the percentage of female employees engaged in the manufacture of tableware who were 18 years of age or over and who were earning each specified amount weekly. |