TABLE 167.-Per cent of foreign-born husbands who report wife in the United States and per cent who report wife abroad, by race of husband.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more husbands reporting. The total, however, is for all foreignborn.]

Of the 1,294 foreign-born husbands in this industry for whom information was obtained, by far the largest proportion, or 82.1 per cent, report wives in the United States. All Canadian husbands, whether French or otherwise, and very nearly all of the Irish, German, and English husbands for whom information was obtained report wives in the United States, while the proportions of South Italian, Polish, North Italian, Slovak, and Ruthenian husbands reporting wives in this country range from 77.9 per cent of the South Italian to 30.2 per cent of the Ruthenian husbands. Thus it will be seen that the proportions of husbands of the older immigrant races who report wives abroad, as compared with those of the more recent immigrant races, are extremely small.

The disposition on the part of foreign-born husbands, especially those of more recent immigration, who have left their wives abroad, to send for them after stated periods of residence in the United States is exhibited by the following table. This table shows, by race of husband and by years husband has been in the United States, the percentage of foreign-born husbands who report wife abroad:

TABLE 168.—Per cent of foreign-born husbands who report wife abroad, by race of husband and by years husband has been in the United States.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 100 or more husbands reporting.]

With the exception of the Irish, a small proportion of whom with a residence of ten years or over report wives abroad, each race, as the period of residence in the United States increases, shows a decreasing proportion who report wives not in the United States. No Germans with a residence of from five to nine years or ten years or over report wives abroad. This is also true of the Irish with a residence of under five and from five to nine years. As between the Poles and South Italians, the former show a considerably larger proportion than the latter with a residence of under five years, and a slightly smaller proportion with a residence of from five to nine and ten years or over who report wives abroad.

VISITS ABROAD.

The extent to which foreign-born employees visit their native country is set forth in the following table, which shows, by sex, years in the United States, and race, the visits abroad made by foreign-born employees:

TABLE 169.- Visits abroad made by foreign-born employees, by sex, years in the United States, and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 200 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

Of the 2,047 foreign-born employees of this industry for whom information was obtained, it will be noted that, irrespective of length of residence in the United States, only 17.2 per cent have made 1 or more visits to their native country, the males reporting 17.8 and the females 10.7 per cent. Considering all foreign-born employees, with

out regard to sex, those who have been in the United States under five years report 8.9 per cent as having made one or more visits abroad, as compared with 21 and 24.3 per cent of those who have been in the United States from five to nine years and ten years or over, respectively. No females with a residence of ten years or over have visited their native country. That the tendency toward visiting their native country is stronger among the South Italians than among the Irish and Poles is apparent from the above table. By way of illustration, it will be noted that only 2.6 per cent of the Irish with a residence of less than five years, none with a residence of from five to nine years, and 11.5 per cent with a residence of ten years or over, as compared with 8.6, 25.3, and 9.1 per cent, respectively, of the South Italians, and 7.6, 10.5, and 11.1 per cent, respectively, of the Poles have made one or more visits abroad. As regards the males of these various races, it will be noted that the proportions in each period of residence having made one or more visits abroad vary only slightly from the proportion shown in the total for all employees. Of the females, on the other hand, the Poles, who are alone reported in sufficient number to admit of comparison, report 11 per cent of those with a residence of less than five years and 10 per cent of those with a residence of from five to nine years as having made one or more visits abroad.

AGE CLASSIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES.

The age characteristics of the employees of this industry in this locality are exhibited by the following table, which shows, by sex and general nativity and race, the percentage of employees within each age group:

TABLE 170.—Per cent of employees within each age group, by sex and general nativity and

race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

TABLE 170.-Per cent of employees within each age group, by sex and general nativity and race-Continued.

Of 4,892 persons included in the foregoing table, the largest proportion, or 20.2 per cent, are 35 to 44 years of age; the proportion who are from 20 to 24 or from 25 to 29 years of age being 18.5 per cent and 17 per cent, respectively. The proportion who are from 30 to 34 or 45 to 54 years of age is the same, or 13.1 per cent; the proportion who are from 14 to 19 years of age being slightly smaller, and 6.8 per

No marked difference is shown

cent being 55 years of age or over. between the proportion of each nativity group who are within each specified age group, except that of 55 years of age or over; here the native-born whites of native father show 9.4 per cent as contrasted with 3.8 per cent of the native-born of foreign father. Over 50 per cent of the North Italian, South Italian, Polish, Ruthenian, and Slovak employees are under 30 years of age, while over 50 per cent of the Canadian other than French, English, German, and Irish employees are 35 years of age or over. In the total number of male and female employees, it is seen that of those within each specified age group below those 25 to 29 years of age, the proportion is larger of the females. This applies also to each nativity group with the addition of the from 25 to 29 years of age group for each except the foreign-born.