number of sleeping rooms, than is shown in the total for all households. Households the heads of which are native-born of native father, White, on the other hand, show a considerably higher average number of rooms and sleeping rooms than is shown for all households. Among those households the heads of which are foreignborn the Germans show a much larger average number of rooms and a considerably larger average number of sleeping rooms than is shown by households the heads of which are of any other race. Considering those households sleeping in a specified number of rooms, it will be noted that less than 1 per cent sleep in all rooms, 8.1 per cent sleep in all except 1 room, and 20.6 per cent sleep in all except 2 rooms, those households the heads of which are foreignborn showing a slightly larger proportion in each instance than is shown in the total for all households, while of those households the heads of which are native-born of native father, White, and nativeborn of foreign father, none of whom sleep in all rooms, the proportions sleeping in all except 1 room and all except 2 rooms are considerably below the proportion shown for all households. Among those households the heads of which are foreign-born no German, Hebrew, or Polish, and only 4.2 per cent of the Magyar households, sleep in all rooms, while the proportions of German, Polish, and Hebrew households, as contrasted with the proportion of Magyar households, sleeping in all except 1 room, are very low. Of those households sleeping in all except 2 rooms the Hebrew households show a slightly larger proportion than the Magyar, a considerably larger proportion than the Polish, and a much larger proportion than the German households. No Polish households the heads of which are native-born of foreign father sleep in all rooms or in all except 1 room, while the proportion sleeping in all except 2 rooms is considerably below that shown for the Polish households the heads of which are foreign-born.

CHAPTER VI.

SALIENT CHARACTERISTICS.

Literacy-Conjugal condition-Age classification of households studied-Criminality [Text Tables 146 to 150 and General Tables 96 to 100].

LITERACY.

The general literacy of the persons in households studied is exhibited by the following table. This table shows, by sex and general nativity and race of individual, the percentage of persons 10 years of age or over, in the households studied, who read and the percentage who read and write.

TABLE 146.-Per cent of persons 10 years of age or over who read and per cent who read and write, by sex and general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

The above table shows that the percentage of persons, both male and female, 10 years of age or over who are able to read and to read and to write is larger for the native-born of foreign father and nativeborn of native father than for the foreign-born. Of the foreign-born, the Germans and Magyars have the largest proportion of males who are able to read and to read and to write, while the Magyars and Poles have the largest proportion of females who are able to read and to read and to write. The proportion of Hebrew females who are able both to read and to write is relatively very small.

The degree of literacy prevailing among persons of foreign birth, in the households studied, after designated periods of residence in this country, may be seen from the table next presented. This table shows, by race of individual and by years individual has been in the United States, the percentage of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over who read and the percentage who read and write.

TABLE 147.-Per cent of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over who read and per cent who read and write, by years in the United States and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 40 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

a Not computed, owing to small number involved.

The percentages of the above table show that the proportion of all individuals in this locality, 10 years of age or over, for whom information was secured, who are able to read and the proportion who are able both to read and write is largest in the case of those who have been in the United States under five years, second largest in the case of those who have been here from five to nine years, and smallest in the case of those who have been here ten years or over. The proportion of individuals who have been in the United States under five years who can read only and who can both read and write is largest for the Polish, second largest for the Magyars, and smallest for the Hebrews. The proportion of persons who have been in the United States from five to nine years and who can both read and write is smaller for the Germans than for either the Hebrews or Magyars. Of the individuals who have been here ten years or over, a slightly, larger proportion of the Germans than of the Magyars or Poles can read only, and a slightly larger proportion of Magyars than of Poles or Germans can both read and write.

The literacy of the foreign-born persons in the households studied, according to their ages at the time of arriving in the United States, is indicated by the table next presented. This table shows the percentage of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over who read and the percentage who read and write, by race of individual and by age at time of coming to the United States.

TABLE 148.-Per cent of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over who read and per cent who read and write, by age at time of coming to the United States and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign

born.]

From the data presented in the above table it appears that of the foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over who came to the United States when under 14 years of age 98.9 per cent can read and 96.8 per cent can both read and write. Of the persons who came to this country when 14 or over, only 93.4 per cent can read and only 90.4 per cent can both read and write. All Hebrews, Magyars, and Poles, as against 95.7 per cent of the Germans, who came to the United States when under 14 years of age can read only, while the proportion of persons who came here when 14 or over who can read only is largest for the Magyars and Germans, in the order mentioned, and smallest for the Hebrews. The proportion of persons who came to the United States under 14 years of age who are able both to read and write is largest for the Hebrews, Poles, and Magyars and smallest for the Germans, while the proportion of persons who came here when 14 or over who are able both to read and write is largest for the Magyars, Poles, and Germans, in the order mentioned.

CONJUGAL CONDITION.

The conjugal condition of the persons in the households studied is indicated in the table next submitted. The table shows, by sex, age groups, and by general nativity and race of individual, the percentage of persons in each conjugal condition.