From the foregoing table it will be seen that of 501 households for whom information was obtained the average is 4.86 persons per apartment, 0.90 persons per room, and 2.22 persons per sleeping room. A comparison between the foreign-born and the native-born of native father and the native-born of foreign father shows the foreign-born to have a larger average number of persons per apartment than either of the other groups. Of the foreign-born, the Magyars and Poles average 6 persons or over per apartment, the Lithuanians over 5 persons, while the Swedes, Hebrews, Flemish, and Germans each have over 4 persons per apartment. Four race groups— Magyars, Polish, Lithuanian, and Flemish each average over 1 person per room, while the Hebrews, Swedes, and Germans average less than 1 person.

An average of over 3 persons per sleeping room is shown by the Poles. The Magyars, Hebrews, Lithuanians, and Flemish average over 2 persons and the Germans and Swedes each over 1 person.

The table next presented shows, by general nativity and race of head of households, persons per room:

TABLE 56.-Persons per room, by general nativity and race of head of household.

Of 501 households reporting in this table, the average number of persons per room is 0.90. Out of a total number of households 43.5 per cent have 1 person or more per room, 8.4 per cent have over 2 persons per room and 0.4 per cent have 3 or more persons per room. Throughout this table the foreign-born show a greater condition of congestion or crowding than either the native-born of native father, white, or the native-born of foreign father. With over 80 per cent of households having 1 or more persons per room, the Magyar shows

48296°-VOL 14-11-30

the greatest proportion of families reporting so high a degree of congestion, while the lowest figure-28 per cent is shown by the German. No Germans and very few Swedes have 2 or more persons per room, but a considerable proportion of Magyars and Poles are so situated. Only one race, the Magyars, with 2.8 per cent, is represented as having 3 or more persons per room.

The following table shows the range in the number of persons per sleeping room by general nativity and race of head of household:"

TABLE 57.-Persons per sleeping room, by general nativity and race of head of household. (STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

a Not computed, owing to small number involved.

Reports for 501 households reported show an average of 2.22 persons per sleeping room. Of the total number of households 68.1 per cent are shown to have 2 or more persons per sleeping room; 32.3 per cent have 3 or more; 15.2 per cent have 4 or more; 6.4 per cent have 5 or more; and 2 per cent have 6 or more persons per There is little difference between native-born of foreign father and foreign-born, each averaging 2 persons or over per sleeping room, while the native-born of native father, white, averages 1.81 persons per sleeping room.

room.

room.

sleeping

Of the foreign-born races, the Magyars, Hebrews, and Poles each show almost similar percentages, having 2 or more persons per sleeping The figure for the Flemish is less than 75 per cent, while the Swedes and the Germans each show 50 per cent or over who are so housed. Over 60 per cent of Magyars and Poles show 3 or more persons per sleeping room, the Flemish less than 30 per cent, and all other races show less than 20 per cent in this regard.

In the column designating those who have 4 or more persons per room, the Poles and Magyars lead, while the Germans show the smallest figure, 4 per cent.

The Poles show about 30 per cent of all families as having 5 or more persons per room, and both Magyars and Swedish show less than 10 and 3 per cent, respectively. About 12 per cent of the Poles and 1.4 per cent of Magyars are shown to have 6 or more persons per room. The final table of the series, which is next submitted, indicates the effect upon living arrangements of congestion within the households studied by showing, by general nativity and race of head of household, the percentage of households regularly sleeping in all except each specified number of rooms.

TABLE 58.-Number and per cent of households regularly sleeping in all except each specified number of rooms, by general nativity and race of head of household.

A report from 501 households shows an average of 4.56 rooms per household, and an average of 1.84 sleeping rooms per household. Of the total number of households 0.6 per cent use all rooms to sleep in, 7.4 per cent use all excepting 1 room, while 22.4 per cent use all except 2 rooms. Between the foreign-born and native white born of native father there is a difference in the number of rooms per household, the former averaging 4 rooms, while the latter averages over 6.26 rooms per household. Among the foreign-born races the Germans show the largest number of rooms per household, their average being 6.56 rooms. No other race shows as many as 5 rooms per apartment, while the Flemish and Swedish show less than 3 rooms per household. Germans and Magyars each report an average of over 2 sleeping rooms per household. The Hebrews, Poles, and Swedes show an average of over 1 sleeping room, while the Flemish and Lithuanians are below the latter figure.

CHAPTER VI.

SALIENT CHARACTERISTICS.

Literacy-Conjugal condition-Visits abroad-Age classification of employees and members of their households-[Text Tables 59 to 74 and General Tables 35 to 45].

LITERACY.

The general literacy of employees and members of their households is exhibited by the following series of tables. The table first submitted shows, by general nativity and race, the percentage of employees who read and the percentage who read and write.

TABLE 59.-Per cent of employees who read and per cent who read and write, by sex and general nativity and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

Number reporting com-
plete data.

Per cent who read.

Per cent who read and write.

General nativity and race.

Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total.