with 54.7 per cent. All of the races excepting the Swedish show over 90 per cent of households paying under $4 per month per person.

BOARDERS AND LODGERS.

The practice of the wives of the employees in supplementing the earnings of their husbands by taking boarders or lodgers into the home has already been discussed. The extent of this practice and its bearing upon living conditions are considered in the two following tables, the first of which exhibits the number and per cent of households taking boarders or lodgers, by general nativity and race of head of household:

TABLE 50.-Number and per cent of households keeping boarders or lodgers, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[Information relating to boarders or lodgers covers only immediate time of taking schedule and not the entire year. Boarders are persons who receive both board and lodging.]

a Not computed, owing to small number involved.

A report for 501 households shows 114, or 22.8 per cent, of such households to be keeping boarders or lodgers. Comparing the foreign-born with the native whites born of native father and the native-born of foreign father shows the foreign-born to have a much larger proportion who are keeping boarders or lodgers than either of the latter groups. The Magyars show 50 per cent, the Flemish 40 per cent, the Swedish about 25 per cent, the Hebrews, Germans, and Poles less than 10 per cent who are keeping boarders or lodgers.

In the following table the average number of boarders or lodgers per household is shown according to general nativity and race of head of household. The averages are based (1) on the total number of households and (2) on the number of households taking boarders or lodgers.

TABLE 51.—Average number of boarders or lodgers per household, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[Information relating to boarders or lodgers covers only immediate time of taking schedule and not the entire year. Boarders are persons who receive both board and lodging.]

The foregoing table shows that of 501 households 114 were keeping a total of 324 boarders or lodgers, thus making an average of 2.84 persons per household to each of the 114 households keeping boarders or lodgers. A greater proportion of foreign households are keeping boarders or lodgers than is shown for either the native whites born of native father or the natives born of foreign father. Of the foreign races who are keeping boarders or lodgers the Magyars show the larg est average number of boarders or lodgers to each household keeping boarders or lodgers and the Swedes the lowest, the percentage of the former race being 4.19 persons and of the latter 2.33 persons to each such household.

SIZE OF APARTMENTS OCCUPIED.

The range in size of apartments occupied is indicated in the table following, which shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the percentage of households occupying apartments of each specified number of rooms.

TABLE 52.-Per cent of households occupying apartments of each specified number of rooms, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more households reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

Information was secured for 501 households, of which number 2.4 per cent are occupying apartments of 2 rooms, 11 per cent occupy 3-room apartments, 21 per cent 4-room apartments, 22.4 per cent 5-room apartments, 16 per cent 6-room apartments, while 27.3 per cent are occupying apartments consisting of 7 or more rooms. Comparing the foreign-born with the native-born of native father, the latter are shown to have the greater proportion of households housed in apartments of 6 rooms or more, while with the former, most of the households occupy apartments consisting of less than 5 rooms. Of the foreign-born, the Germans occupy the largest apartments, while the Flemish live in the smallest apartments.

SIZE OF HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The table next submitted exhibits the range in size of households studied by showing the percentage of households of each specified number of persons, according to general nativity and race of head of household.

TABLE 53.-Per cent of households of each specified number of persons, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more households reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

7

Gen

Of 501 households, 0.4 per cent consisted of 1 person, 13.6 per cent consisted of 2 persons, 18 per cent of 3 persons, 19 per cent of 4 persons, 17.8 per cent of 5 persons, 11.2 per cent of 6 persons, 6.4 per cent of persons, 5 per cent of 8 persons, 4.2 per cent of 9 persons, and 4.6 per cent of these households consisted of 10 persons or more. erally the households of the foreign-born are larger than either those of the native whites born of native father or natives born of foreign father. More than 50 per cent of the German and Hebrew households consist of less than 5 persons to each household. All the remaining races show a greater proportion of households to consist of 5 or more persons, but the Magyars and Poles show the greatest percentage in this respect.

CONGESTION.

Preceding tables indicate the extent to which crowding prevails in the households of employees. The degree of congestion and its effects upon living arrangements is more directly set forth in the following series of tabulations. The table first presented shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the average number of persons in apartments of each specified number of rooms.

TABLE 54.-Average number of persons in apartments of each specified number of rooms, by general nativity and race of head of household.

General nativity and

race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

Average number of persons in apartments of each specified number of rooms.

a Not computed, owing to small number involved.

This table shows that the average number of persons per apart. ment, regardless of size, is 4.86 persons per apartment, the average of the foreign-born being highest, over 5 persons per apartment, while the average of the native whites born of native father and native-born of foreign father is practically the same, being only a trifle over 4 persons per apartment.

The following table shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the average number of persons per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room:

TABLE 55.-Average number of persons per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room, by general nativity and race of head of household.