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TABLE 166.-Per cent of families having an income within the year from husband, wife, children, boarders or lodgers, and other sources, by general nativity and race of head of family.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more families reporting. The totals, however, are for all races. One family is excluded which reports income as "None."]

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It is evident from the table above that almost all of the families whose heads were either of native or of foreign birth have an income from the earnings of husbands. The significant features disclosed by the table are that a slightly larger proportion of families whose heads were native-born than those whose heads were foreign-born receive an income from contributions of children, while only 6.8 per cent of the former, as contrasted with 54.2 per cent of the latter, derive part of their annual income from the payments of boarders or lodgers. It is also noteworthy that 16.9 per cent of the native-born families have an income from sources not specified, as compared with only 2.1 per cent of the foreign-born. None of the families whose heads were foreign-born and 3.4 per cent of those whose heads were of native birth secure part of their income from the earnings of wives. Among the families whose heads were born abroad, the Germans show by far the greater proportion which receive an income from contributions of children. Of the Magyars, the highest percentage, amounting to 91.7, secure a part of their annual income from the payments of boarders or lodgers.

The table next presented also sets forth in detail the sources of family income by general nativity and race of head of family, but in this table each source specified is exclusive of all other sources.

TABLE 167.-Source of family income in detail, by general nativity and race of head of

family.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more families reporting. The totals, however, are for all races. One family is excluded which reports income as "None."]

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Upon comparing the totals in the preceding table, it is seen that 61 per cent of the families whose heads were native-born, as contrasted with only 35.4 per cent of those whose heads were of foreign birth, derive their entire income from the earnings of husbands. The income of native-born families, supplementary to the earnings of heads, is secured mainly from the earnings of wives and the contributions of children and from sources not specified, while the income of foreign-born families, in excess of earnings of heads, arises principally from the payments of boarders or lodgers. Of the families whose heads were of foreign birth, 49 per cent have an income from husbands and boarders or lodgers; and 13.6 per cent of the families whose heads were native-born obtain an income from husbands and children. Among the foreign-born, the Magyars show only 8.3 per cent of their families depending entirely upon the husbands for support, while 83.3 per cent secure their income from the earnings of husbands and the payments of boarders or lodgers. On the other hand, the Germans, while showing the least proportion of families receiving an income from husbands and boarders or lodgers, report 22.2 per cent of families having an income from the earnings of husbands plus the contributions of children, and are the only race showing a proportion of families entirely dependent upon children for support.

RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF THE DIFFERENT SOURCES OF FAMILY

INCOME.

As regards the relative weight or importance of the different sources of family income the following table shows, by general nativity and race of head of family, the percentage of total yearly income from husband, wife, children, boarders or lodgers, and other

sources.

TABLE 168.-Per cent of total family income within the year from husband, wife, children, boarders or lodgers, and other sources, by general nativity and race of head of family.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more selected families reporting. The totals, however, are for all races. One family is excluded which reports income as "None."]

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In the table above, the families whose heads were of native birth are shown to have a somewhat larger proportion of their total annual income from the earnings of husbands, as compared with the families whose heads were born abroad. The foreign-born families as a whole, as contrasted with the native-born, exhibit a slightly greater per cent of family income received from contributions of children, their showing in this respect being due to the large amount of income derived from this source by the German families. On the other hand, the families whose heads were born in this country show only 17 per cent of the total annual income to be derived from the payments of boarders or lodgers, as against 8.1 per cent of the income of foreign-born families secured from this source. Among the several races, it will be noted that the Magyar families receive 24.5 per cent of their income from the payments of boarders or lodgers.

CHAPTER IV.

WORKING CONDITIONS.

Regularity of employment-The immigrant and organized labor-[Text Tables 169 and 170 and General Table 108].

REGULARITY OF EMPLOYMENT.

As regards the regularity of employment offered the following table shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the months worked during the past year, by males in the households studied in the community who were 16 years of age or over and who were employed away from home.

TABLE 169.-Months worked during the past year by males 16 years of age or over employed away from home, by general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

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The absence of membership or interest in labor organizations in the community is shown by the table following, covering affiliation with trade unions of males 21 years of age or over in the households studied. As can be seen from the table, only 1 out of a total of 201 persons was a member of a union.

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