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The preceding table shows that the larger number of German and Magyar women were without occupation before they came to this country and the greater proportion of the Polish women were working without wages. The Germans, Magyars, and Poles also show percentages amounting to 35, 37, and 20.8 per cent, respectively, who were working for wages abroad. The table following analyzes the three general industrial groups of the one preceding into their principal occupations by showing the occupation before coming to the United States of foreign-born females who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming.

TABLE 154.-Occupation before coming to the United States of foreign-born females who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more females reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign

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None of the women, as can be seen from the table, were glass factory operatives before immigration to this country. The larger proportion of Germans and Magyars who were working for wages were engaged in domestic service in their native countries, and equal proportions of the Poles were in domestic service and employed as farm laborers. The larger per cent of the Polish women, however, were working abroad as farm laborers without wages, as well as 10 per cent of the Germans and 7.4 per cent of the Magyars. None of the women were working for profit.

GENERAL OCCUPATION OF MALES AT PRESENT TIME IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The general industrial condition at the present time of the members of the households studied in the community may be seen from the two tables next presented.

In the following table the general occupation of males in the households studied who were 16 years of age or over is set forth according to general nativity and race of individual:

TABLE 155.-General occupation of males 16 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

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Neither the native-born of native or of foreign father or the foreignborn individuals in the households studied, as can be seen from the table above, indicate any pronounced tendency to engage in work other than glass manufacturing. The persons native-born of foreign father show 9.1 per cent, those native-born of native-father 5.6 per cent, and the total foreign-born only 0.7 per cent occupied outside of the glass manufacturing. None of the foreign-born members of the households studied who are 16 years of age or over are at school, and only a small proportion of the native-born of native or foreign father. None of the native-born of foreign father are at home, and only 1.4 per cent of the native-born of native father and 6.6 per cent of the total foreign-born. It is significant that none of the Magyars or Poles have employment outside of the glass manufactories, and only 2.4 per cent of the Germans; and none of the three races are at school, those not employed in the glass manufacturing being at home.

GENERAL OCCUPATIONS OF WOMEN AT PRESENT TIME IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The table which follows shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the general occupation of females in the households studied who were 16 years of age or over.

TABLE 156.-General occupation of females 16 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more females reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

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The German women native-born of foreign father alone of all races and nativity groups show a proportion engaged in domestic service. None of the foreign-born or native-born of foreign father are in trade and only a small proportion of the native-born of native father. Only 1.6 per cent of the native-born of native father, 3.4 per cent of the native-born of foreign father, and none of the foreignborn are at school. By far the largest proportion of females of all races and nativity are at home, the native-born of native father showing 10.9 per cent in trade or otherwise employed, the Germans of the second generation 13.6 per cent in domestic service or otherwise employed, and the Magyars 3.4 per cent otherwise employed. All of the German and Polish women are at home.

FIRST AND SECOND GENERATION COMPARED.

In the two tables next submitted the general industrial status of the males and females of first and second generation are compared. The first table, which immediately follows, shows by general nativity and race of father and by birth of individual the percentage of males 16 years of age or over in each general occupation.

The table following shows by general nativity and race of father and by birthplace of individual the percentage of males 16 years of age or over in each general occupation.

TABLE 157.-Per cent of males 16 years of age or over in each general occupation, by general nativity and race of father and by birthplace of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more males born in the United States and also 20 or more born abroad. The totals, however, are for all races. The native-born are shown for comparative purposes.]

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Of the 231 male persons who reported complete data in the foregoing table, less than 10 per cent are occupied outside of the glass industry. The proportion employed in that industry is 91.3 per cent; 4.3 per cent are at home, 3 per cent are otherwise employed, and 1.3 per cent are at school When compared with the foreign-born, the native-born of foreign father show a smaller proportion of males in the glass industry and larger proportions at school and otherwise employed. None of the foreign-born are at school and none of the native-born of foreign father are at home. The native-born whites show less than 10 per cent employed outside of the glass industry, the proportion in the industry being 90.3 per cent and of those otherwise employed, 5.6 per cent. The Germans who were born abroad show a greater proportion in the glass industry than do those born in this country, also a larger proportion at home. None of the foreign-born Germans are in school, while the proportion of native-born Germans in school is 5 per cent.

TABLE 158.-Per cent of females 16 years of age or over in each general occupation, by general nativity and race of father and by birthplace of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more females born in the United States and also 20 or more born abroad. The totals, however, are for all races. The native-born are shown for comparative purposes.]

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Of the 206 females included in the preceding table, by far the largest proportion, or 93.2 per cent, are at home. The same proportion, or 1 per cent, are in domestic service, in trade, and at school, while 3.9 per cent are otherwise employed. A larger proportion of the foreign-born than of either the native-born of native father or the native-born of foreign father are at home, while a larger proportion of the native-born of foreign father than of either the nativeborn of native father or the foreign-born are in domestic service and at school. It is noticeable that all of the Germans born abroad are at home.

ANNUAL EARNINGS OF MALE HEADS OF FAMILIES STUDIED.

The extent to which the husbands in the households studied were at work, together with their average annual earnings, is set forth in the following table, by general nativity and race of husband:

TABLE 159.-Husbands at work, by general nativity and race of individual.

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All of the foreign-born heads of families, and almost all, or 98.3 per cent, of the native-born, as can readily be seen from the above table, are regularly employed. As between the native-born and foreign-born, however, a considerable difference in average annual earnings is shown, the former exhibiting an average annual income of $786, as compared with $615 of the latter. The husbands who were native-born but of foreign father show a larger annual income than either the native-born or foreign-born, the figure for this nativity group, which is made up entirely of Germans, being $808. Among the foreign-born, the German heads show a slightly higher average annual income than the Poles, while the Magyars are very much lower than either of the other two races.

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