Air Force stock fund

Cash position Dec. 31, 1960_

(A transfer of $30 million to "Military personnel, Air Force" (74 Stat. 339) during fiscal year 1961 has already been accomplished.)

Average daily disbursement is $3.555 million, 71 days.

$251, 911, 134

Marine Corps stock fund

Cash position Dec. 31, 1960_.

Less transfer to be made to "Military personnel, Marine Corps" (74 Stat. 338) effective fiscal year 1961--

Average daily disbursement is $0.302 million, 84 days.

CONSTRUCTION OF AIRFIELD AT FORT LEE, VA.

$25, 911, 275

500,000

25, 411, 275

Mr. SIKES. I do not feel we have attained sufficient information on the procedure whereby an airfield was constructed at Fort Lee, Va. This is a serious matter, apparently it completely disregards the authority and wishes of Congress. It may show an equal disregard

for the law.

I think we need to know more about it. We have been told for years that O. & M. funds were very tight. One of your biggest problems was in O. & M., getting enough money to make ends meet.

I find it hard to understand how in this tight money situation you are able to build an expensive airport which should have been built from construction funds.

I am going to ask that a continuity of information be provided to this committee, and I would like it broken down into detail and into as many sections as is necessary for us to see clearly what the picture is.

For instance, General, I would like to have the authorization, if any, and from what source for each step of this construction.

Then, I would like to have submitted for inclusion in our record, or for the use of the committee, whichever appears best, the complete continuity of the orders that resulted in the construction of this airfield.

I would like to have the continuity of the program of construction. I would like to have the continuity of planning for this field, from what source, by whom approved.

I would like to know something about the supervisiou-who supervised it, who was responsible, when and where.

In other words, I want the complete story.

General DUFF. May I state with regard to this particular situation that while we have had a great deal of information, the Secretary of the Army felt, because some of this information was developed by inspectors general that reported directly to commands that were involved within the chain of command, that it was desirable to have an independent survey made. He, Secretary Brucker, therefore directed that a further investigation be made by the Inspector General of the Army, and this investigation is still underway, sir.

If I might suggest, if the information that you desire could be supplied at the time this more comprehensive investigation by the Inspector General of the Army is completed

67438-61-pt. 2--14

Mr. SIKES. If it does not delay the work of this committee.

General DUFF. Yes, sir.

Mr. SIKES. We will be in these hearings for a couple of months. I would not want the work of this committee held back by a lack of information.

General DUFF. If the full report is not available, sir, at the time that you specified, we will provide the best information possible to supply for the record just what you have asked for.

(The matter referred to follows:)

The airstrip project identified as No. 10-57 was initiated by a request from the installation commander dated November 6, 1957. The project was approved by the Chief of Engineers as a Department of Army training project for engineer troops on November 25, 1957, with expenditures of operations and maintenance funds established for supplies and indirect costs not to exceed $24,948. This approval was furnished the installation commander November 27, 1957, by the Office of the Quartermaster General. The project was initiated February 11, 1958. The project was completed in the fall of 1959 and a subsequent review of the account indicated a cumulative funded cost of $62,227, of which only $23,359 had been identified with the project. The difference in funded cost amounts is the subject of a separate report of violation of Revised Statutes No. 3679. Errors in records subsequently were corrected to reflect all known funded costs of the project. A full report in accordance with the committee request will be provided within the time indicated.

FIELD TRAINING EXERCISES

Mr. SIKES. Now, I have great appreciation for the results of field training exercises. I think troops learn a great deal from field training exercises.

It is the best peacetime training we can give after troops reach a certain state of development as trained personnel.

I would like to know something about the results of the training exercises which we funded last year. Presumably you will want to submit some written material which will go into detail, but if you have someone here at this time who for the moment could give us a brief rundown of some of the principal things accomplished in those field exercises, in the 1961 budget, I would like to hear that.

General DUFF. General Gee will give a statement on this subject. He may wish to amplify it for the record.

Mr. SIKES. I would like a complete story for the record, but a brief summary right now.

General GEE. Mr. Sikes, all the training exercises that were budg eted in 1961 are on schedule. We have completed many of them, but there are usually more that go on in the spring, and that is true now. They are all on schedule.

At this stage there is no indication any will not be accomplished as planned.

In addition to the ones that were in the budget, and which were explained briefly in the budget, and which I will be happy to put in much more detail for each one in the record, if you so desire, sirMr. SIKES. I do.

General GEE. We have planned, and have already executed one strategic mobility exercise which was held during the month of February. This comprised the airlift of the battle group, the 503d Battle Group on Okinawa, to Clark Field where they were dropped. No intermediate staging. It involved also the movement of a battle

group by plane from Fort Lewis, Wash., to Clark Field in the Philippines on Luzon, straight through except for a 6- to 8-hour halt in Guam where they got out and stretched their legs and took a final head count and then went on in. They air landed on Clark Field. The controlling element for this was the brigade headquarters from the 25th Division in Hawaii, Schofield Barracks.

It was also supported by the Logistical Command out of Okinawa with some supporting elements of logistics coming from Lewis in Washington and other CONUS stations.

PLANNING REQUIRED FOR TRAINING OPERATIONS

Mr. FLOOD. On those two, the Philippine jump, and the Washington to Clark Field, and from the coast to the Philippines, when you give Mr. Sikes that report, will you also place in the record the first day that anybody started to plan that operation, the first hour of the first minute of the first day that you thought of it and began to work on it-how many years did that take?

(The information requested is as follows:)

Planning for company-size mobility exercises, fiscal year 1961, was initiated in early April 1960 as a preliminary to battle group exercises planned for fiscal year 1962. Planning for the particular exercise to the Philippines was started August 9, 1960.

General GEE. I can tell you briefly now.

We started working on mobility exercises in April of last year. Mr. SIKES. We want to know how long it takes to "lay on" one of these exercises.

(The information requested is as follows:)

Our goal is to conduct exercises of this type on an "unannounced" basis, testing existing contingency plans. Of course, there must be preliminary administrative planning, exercise and control plans, political clearance, and administrative and support plans which require some time to prepare and will vary depending on size and location of the exercise.

ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF FIELD EXERCISES

Mr. SIKES. I want you to provide for the record something of what was gained by each exercise, what you anticipated and what you actually gained.

General GEE. Yes.

(The information to be supplied follows:)

FIELD EXERCISES

The complete story of the field exercise program for any year begins with the Army strategic capabilities plan (U). This document classified TOP SECRET contains a training annex which provides guidance for the conduct of all Army training, including a specific section pertaining to the conduct of field exercises.

The concept of each exercise is initially stated in broad general terms. This concept is refined by DA and Hq USCONARC as the lessons learned from completed exercises, training requirements, technical service testing requirements and changes in doctrine are injected into the various exercises. The refinement of the exercise concept continues until the general exercise plan for a specific exercise is published.

In fiscal year 1961 principal accomplishments are as follows:

(a) Provided extensive field training under simulated combat conditions.

(b) Provided environmental training as follows:

(1) Cold weather.

(2) Desert.

(3) Jungle.

(4) Oversea areas.

(c) Enhanced the readiness posture of U.S. forces by conducting combined and joint training.

(d) Provided an opportunity to demonstrate to the world the U.S. forces capabilities for conducting operations in all areas of the globe.

(e) The specific purpose of each exercise conducted in fiscal year 1961 is shown below.

EXERCISE BRIGHT STAR

Purpose: (1) To increase the capabilities of participating units to operate jointly; (2) To provide training in joint planning and operations; (3) To provide advanced combined unit training; (4) To conduct selected joint tests of concepts of procedures as may be agreed to by participating services; (5) To evaluate the organizations of the airborne divisions; (6) To determine requirements and optimum organization for nondivisional combat and combat support units within the corps and field army to the extent possible in the exercise.

EXERCISE LAVA PLAINS

Purpose: (1) To provide combined unit training for an infantry division; (2) To improve operational readiness; (3) To provide training for commanders, staffs and troops in the employment of nuclear weapons and in the conduct of chemical, biological, radiological and electronic warfare; (4) To conduct appropriate troop tests.

EXERCISE THUNDER BOLT

Purpose: (1) To provide combined unit training for an armored division combat command; (2) to improve operational readiness; (3) to provide training for commanders, staffs and troops in the employment of nuclear weapons and in the conduct of chemical, biological, radiological and electronic warfare; (4) to conduct appropriate troop tests.

EXERCISE MOHAWK ARROW

Purpose: (1) To provide combined unit training for an infantry brigade; (2) to improve operational readiness; (3) to provide training for commanders, staffs and troops in the employment of nuclear weapons and the conduct of chemical, biological, radiological and electronic warfare; (4) to conduct appropriate troop tests.

EXERCISE SOUTH WIND

Purpose: (1) To provide training in joint planning and operations; (2) to provide advanced unit training for units of participating services; (3) to increase the capabilities of participating units to operate jointly; (4) to conduct selected joint tests of concepts of procedures as may be agreed to by participating services; (5) to evaluate the organizations of the airborne division; (6) to determine requirements and optimum organization for nondivisional combat and combat support units within the corps and field Army to the extent possible in the exercise.

EXERCISE STRAC MOBILITY EXERCISES I AND II (GRAND ISLE AND CHANNEL REEF)

Purpose: To provide the means for a realistic test of the readiness of the STRAC to deploy and to demonstrate the capability of the Army to react promptly in deterring or resisting local aggression.

EXERCISE DENNING SPRING

Purpose: (1) To provide individual and unit training in desert tactics and techniques; (2) to conduct appropriate troop tests.

EXERCISE SNOW CHUTE

Purpose: In addition to mobility training, its purpose was: (1) To train in cold weather; (2) to determine if it is possible to train troops at Fort Bragg on the use of cold weather clothing and equipment.

EXERCISE WILLOW FREEZE

Purpose: (1) To provide training in reinforcement of the Alaskan Command by air movement from the continental United States; (2) to provide individual and unit cold weather training; (3) to conduct appropriate troop tests.

EXERCISE OPERATION SOLIDARITY

Purpose: (1) To provide training in reinforcement of the Caribbean Command by air movement or other means from the continental United States; (2) to provide individual and unit training in jungle warfare operations; (3) to conduct appropriate troop tests.

EXERCISE LOGEX 61

Purpose: (1) To afford student players of technical and administrative service schools the opportunity to apply, by their part in the exercise, the instruction received at their respective schools; (2) to provide training for selected Army Reserve officers; (3) to stress the importance of maintaining continuous logistical support under assumed combat conditions with an enemy capable of employing mass destruction weapons; (4) to emphasize the intraArmy technical service team play, and to demonstrate the interservice cooperation required of Army, Navy and Air Force elements to provide logistical support in a theater of operations.

EXERCISES, 1962

The purposes of the 1962 exercises are similar to fiscal year 1961 except for the refinement of various plans and concepts and the various troop and doctrinal tests that will be conducted in fiscal year 1962. However, before the Army un dertakes a large scale of specialized type exercise it is essential that the individual and the basic organizational unit be trained. It is for this reason the Army continues to stress local exercises which involve squad, platoon and company exercises, for it is here that the individual soldier learns to fight. Finally the large or special exercises are conducted for appropriate units both overseas and in the continental United States to insure that lessons have been properly learned and that commanders and staff officer can function smoothly.

While it appears that the 82d and 4th Infantry Divisions receive most of the training, this is not the case. What is shown here is the DA/CONARC directed exercises primarily designed to increase STRAC readiness. All units of the Army conduct platoon, company, battalion or battle group exercises that do not appear as DA or CONARC directed exercises. Based on assigned missions all units receive appropriate training under simulated combat conditions; however, the cases to which you refer, the unit is probably conducting individual training and cannot be relieved of this mission to participate in major field exercises. These units do, however, participate in small unit field exercises and maneuvers at their home stations. In summary, selection of units to participate in field exercises is based on

1. Assigned missions.

2. Status of training.

3. Contingency plans.

4. Necessity for rehearsing operational plans.

5. The requirement to maintain STRAC at peak operational readiness continuously. A review of the phases of training will indicate why units