may be deemed necessary to properly em was described by the Senator as removing from the competitive classified service deputy collectors of internal revenue and deputy marshals required to give bond to their superiors. The item was considered in the Senate on Oct. 3, when Senators Lane and Hughes (Democrats) led the attack against the order. The amendment was, however, adopted by the Senate by practically a party vote. Senator Lane ( Ore.) was the only The full meaning of the amendment Democrat voting against the amend was apparently not understood as ment. An attempt by Senator Brandethere was no discussion of the clause which made it possible to remove not strike out the spoils provision was gee (Conn.) the following day to only deputy collectors and deputies defeated by the casting vote of Vicefrom the competitive classified service, President Marshall, although Senator but every other employee in the office Hitchcock (Neb.) joined Senator Lane of a collector or marshal from the in opposition to their Democratic colmessenger up to deputy. When the bill reached the House the Senate the bill in the Senate a proviso, proleagues. Before the final passage of amendment was formally disagreed to posed by Senator Jones (Wash.), and the measure went into conference. "that nothing herein contained shall The provision came up for debate on Oct. 10, when the dangerous nature said employees in the classified servprevent the President from placing of the order was clearly shown. By ice," was added to the Owen amenda vote of 111 to 106 the Senate ment. In spite of vigorous protests amendment was agreed to. As soon by civil-service reformers, the proas the bill passed both Houses, the vision was approved in the conference on the bill and enacted in the final measure signed by President Wilson on Dec. 23. executive officers of the National Civil Service Reform League urged the President to veto the measure because of the spoils rider. The President, however, approved the bill as he was "convinced after a careful examination of the facts that the offices of deputy collector and deputy marshal were never intended to be included under the ordinary provisions of the civil-service law." Civil-service reformers through the national association took issue with the President on this point, as the legality of the classification of both deputy collector and deputy marshals has been upheld in formal opinions of the attorney general. It was also pointed out that the bond required of the deputy is protection to the collector against the misconduct of his deputies, a fact generally recognized in civil-service administration. A third evasion of the merit system was authorized by an amendment to the Currency bill proposed by Senator Owen on Dec. 18 and adopted by a vote of 39 to 34, empowering the Federal Reserve Board to employ such attorneys, experts, assistants, clerks, or other employees as State Civil Service.-November, 1912, saw the people of Colorado by means of the initiative extend the jurisdiction of the state Civil Service Commission to the entire state service. The original civil-service law secured in the 1907, after ten years of fighting, extended only to state institutions and the Civil Service Commission. In New York Governor Sulzer apsion three new commissioners, none pointed to the Civil Service Commisof whom had ever had any experience in civil-service matters and all of whom were known to have been active in politics at various times. The Commission has extended the competitive principle to the employments in the tuberculosis hospitals throughout the state, the recently reorganized Department of Efficiency and Economy, and the Department of Highways. The Commission has, however, allowed the State Hospital Commission to be reorganized on a political basis. It was active in securing the passage of the Patrie bill providing for overlapping terms of six years each for civil-service commissioners. The bill was objectionable because it made mandatory the exemption of the secretary of every civil-service commission in the state. An attempt in Illinois to repeal the civil-service law was defeated on May 7. The record of the vote showed that 13 representatives who had signed pledges "to oppose the repeal of any of the civil-service laws" voted against the merit system. Municipal Civil Service.-An effort to repeal the civil-service law in Philadelphia was overwhelmingly defeated in the Pennsylvania legislature at its 1913 session. The entire municipal service of Minneapolis was brought under the merit system by an act of the Minnesota legislature passed in 1913; 6,700 employees were affected. On Dec. 21, 1911, the late Mayor Gaynor of New York sent a letter to all of his commissioners in which he ordered that the policy of appointing in numerical order from the head of the list should be extended to all departments and bureaus under the Mayor beginning with Jan. 1, 1912. Such procedure has been followed and serious abuses which obtained under the rule allowing the head of the department the choice of one out of three have been eliminated. Dr. Lederle, head of the Department of Health, considerably extended the order. In cases of advancement in salary within a civil-service salary grade he appoints the employee highest on the promotion eligible list for the next higher grade. In the absence of a promotion eligible list he advances to the higher salary the employee having the best civil-service efficiency and seniority record. Instead of establishing separate promotion eligible lists for each bureau and division of the department, as is permitted by the civil-service rules, he establishes a single promotion eligible list for the entire department. As vacancies are of more frequent occurrence in the department than they are in any single bureau of the department this system increases the chances of each individual on the list. Denver, in adopting the commission form of government in February, 1913, extended the jurisdiction of the Civil Service Commission from the departments of fire, police, public works and public utilities, to the entire city and county services. Two cities in Michigan, Detroit and Grand Rapids, at charter elections held on April 7, 1913, approved amendments providing for the competitive system. Charter elections have been recently held in a number of cities in Ohio with the result that the provisions of the state civil-service law have either been reënacted or special civil-service chapters adopted. Cleveland, on July 1, voted in favor of a charter containing a comprehensive civil-service section. On Aug. 12 and Aug. 27 the cities of Dayton and Springfield adopted the city-manager scheme of government. The Springfield charter called attention to the provisions of the state law, but the Dayton charter includes a civil-service chapter, some provisions of which are in direct violation of the state law. The chief examiner is made the employment officer of the city. He is authorized to certify to the city manager any name on an eligible list to fill a vacancy. The state law specifically provides for the certification of the first three names. By the charter a removed employee is allowed to appeal to the Civil Service Commission from the decision of the head of the department. This provision is contrary to the state civil-service law, which does not allow any appeal either to the commission or to the courts. Civil Service Associations.-A meeting of the National Assembly of Civil Service Commissions was held in New York City, June 12-14, 1913, at which a committee was appointed to prepare a model civil-service law. John T. Doyle, Washington, D. C., secretary of the Federal Commission, was reëlected secretary. The annual meeting of the National Civil Service Reform League was held at Boston, December 11 and 12, 1913. Richard H. Dana, Cambridge, was elected president, Robert D. Jenks, of Philadelphia, was reëlected chairman of the council, Robert W. Belcher, secretary, and George T. Keyes, assistant secretary. The offices of the League are at 79 Wall Street, New York, VI. STATE AND COUNTY GOVERNMENT JOHN M. MATHEWS In the following series of tables the more important facts relative to the forty-eight states which at present constitute the American Union are brought together for convenient refer ence: 1. The first table gives the area and population of the states, together with the date upon which they severally ratified the constitution of the United States, or upon which they were admitted to the Union. The population at 1900 and 1910 is given, together with the percentage of increase since 1900, and the rank of the several states in population in 1910. The population of the continental United States at the thirteenth census, taken April 15, 1910, was 91,402,151, an increase of 15,977,691 over the population on June 1, 1900, and an increase of 21 per cent., as compared with an increase of 22.7 per cent. in 1900. The states in which the population increased more than 50 per cent. include Oklahoma, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Washington, Oregon, California, North Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho. All these states are situated in the western half of the United States. Including Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico, and military persons abroad, the population was 93,402,151. If the population of the Philippine Islands (7.635,426 in 1903) is added, with estimates for Guam, Samoa and the Canal, the total population of the United States and possessions on April 15, 1910, was 101,100,000. The new apportionment of state representatives in Congress is based upon the population as given upon the following page. 2. The second table gives for each state the assessed valuation of property as made in 1911 or 1912; the total state indebtedness and the amount of sinking funds held against the same; the appropriations for the annual expenses of the state, which, in some cases, indicate the actual revenue of the year; and the total expenditures for the year. The data furnished in this table were courteously supplied by the treasurers or comptrollers of the several states. 3. The third table revises and extends the table on pp. 184-9 of the YEAR BOOK for 1910, which gives the facts in regard to the state constitutions; dates of adoption; methods of ratification of present and former constitutions, and the existing methods of amendment authorized by law in each state. 4. The fourth table gives the state governors; their politics; the length of the governor's term in each state; the date of the beginning and ending of his term; and the governor's salary. 5. The fifth table presents the main features regarding the state legislatures, including the political complexion of the legislatures; number of members of each house; length of the term; frequency of session; the limit upon duration of sessions, if any; and the salaries of members of both branches of the legislature. 6. The sixth table indicates the main facts regarding the state judiciary; the name of the courts and number of judges; how chosen; length of term; and salary. 7. The seventh table indicates the number of counties in each state, and the general facts as to the county officers, their titles, which, as a rule, indicate their functions, and whether elected or appointed. An eighth table appeared in the YEAR BOOK for 1910, giving the census returns of receipts and payments of counties for 1902. I. THE STATES OF THE UNION AREA, POPULATION, DATES OF RATIFICATION AND ORGANIZATION, 1900 PercentageRank in Ratification of Area Population, Population, of Increase, Population Constitution 1910 1900-1910 1910 AREA. The total area of continen- | miles; of the Hawaiian Islands, 6,449 tal United States is 2,974,159 sq. miles. The total area, including Alaska and Hawaii, is 3,624,122 sq. miles. The area of Alaska is 590,884 sq. sq. miles; of the Philippine Islands, 115,026 sq. miles; of Porto Rico, 3,435 sq. miles; and of the Panama Canal Zone, 448 sq. miles. II. STATE INDEBTEDNESS, TAXATION, REVENUES, AND EXPENDITURES The figures in the following table, for the most part courteously supplied by the treasurers or auditors of the various states, are the latest available. They relate in general to the fiscal year ending in 1913; in the case of states whose fiscal year coincides with the calendar year, the figures are for the year ending December 31, 1912. 1 Includes County and City Indebtedness, $2,098,302.86. 2 Figures are for Oct., 1910-Oct., 1912. 3 Property assessed at full value. 4 Biennial report. 7,539,000 None 937,300 None 4,367,000 None None 659,160 5,580,000 6,272,351 None 11,458,000 3,977,500 1,210,000 855,470 21,718,932 2,008,132 3,019,517 7,465,872 7,118,578 331,024 None 117,000 None |