Console and Classify: The French Psychiatric Profession in the Nineteenth Century

administrative aliénés aliénistes already appeared asylum authority called cause century Charcot circle clerical clinical commission concept concern consolation continued course cure dated directed discussion disease doctors doctrine early effect entirely especially Esquirol establishment example fact faculty Falret folie France French function Georget given hospice hysteria ideas important included influence insanity institution interior internal Journal knowledge later letter liberal lunatics madness maison maladies means médecine médicale medicine ment mental mind minister monomania moral treatment nature nineteenth nineteenth-century noted observed official organs original Paris passions patients period philosophical physician Pinel political position practice prefect presented Press principle profession professional psychiatric reason regarded religion religious Salpêtrière scientific seems served sisters social Société society term tion Traité turned University