HIGHEST AND LOWEST POINTS IN THE WORLD. In order to compare the elevations in the United States with those in foreign countries the following list is given, but many of the fig Continent. Highest point. ..Mont Blanc, France.... Mount Everest, India-China. ures, showing feet above and below sea level, must be considered as approximate only: Above sea level (ft.). Lowest point. North America... Mount McKinley, Alaska........... .....20,300.. Death Valley, California .15,782.. Caspian sea, Russia........... 86 ...1,290 150 25 Feet. Africa ............................... Kibo peak, German East Africa...19,3.0.. Desert of Sahara.. Mt. Whitney....14,501 Mercedario ....22,315 Pamiri HIGH MOUNTAINS IN THE UNITED STATES. Colorado Feet. Idaho Feet. Mt. Elbert... .14,436 Uncompaligre pk.14,289 Pike's peak......14,108 Granite peak.....12,850 Mountain. Chimborazo .....20.498 Tupungato ......20,286 Haina ........20,171 San Jose.........20,020 North AmericaMcKinley .......20,300 Feet. Gilbert peak....13,422 Mt. Lovenia.....13,250 Tokewanna peak.13,200 Wilson peak.....13,095 Washington Mt. Rainier .....14,363 Gannett peak....13,785 Oregon-Mt. Hood.11,225 HIGHEST POINT IN EACH STATE AND TERRITORY. AREAS OF OCEANS AND GREAT LAKES. | AVERAGE DEPTH OF OCEANS AND SEAS. Oceans Sq. miles. Antarctic 5.731.350 Arctie 4,781,000 Atlantic ......34.S01.400 Indian .......17,084,000 Pacific .......67,639,630 Lakes-Baikal.. 13,000 Chad Sq. miles Great Slave... 12.000 Antarctic Caribbean Feet. 7,614 402 Mediterranean Japan ............ 7,326 .... 4,560 Mexico, Gulf of... 4,632 The mean depth of all the oceans and seas is estimated to be from 2 to 21⁄2 miles. 300 ..... 5.040 Feet. .10.800 23,800 Arctic 5,160 China 22.450 Atlantic .12.200 .11.136 North Bering 900 Okhotsk THE SHERMAN ANTITRUST LAW. Passed by the 51st congress and approved July 2, 1890. Section 1. Every contract, combination in the form of trust or otherwise or conspiracy in restraint of trade or commerce among the several states or with foreign nations is hereby declared to be illegal. Every person who shall make any such contract or engage in any such combination or conspiracy shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be punished by fine not exceeding $5,000 or by imprisonment not exceeding one year, or by both said punishments, in the discretion of the court. Sec. 2. Every person who shall monopolize or attempt to monopolize or combine or conspire with any person or persons to monopolize any part of the trade or commerce among the several states or with foreign nations shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be punished by fine not exceeding $5,000 or by imprisonment not exceeding one year, or by both said punishments, in the discretion of the court. Sec. 3. Every contract, combination in form of trust or otherwise or conspiracy in restraint of trade or commerce in any territory of the United States or of the District of Columbia, or in restraint of trade or commerce between any such territory and another, or between any such territory or territories and any state or states or the District of Columbia or with foreign nations. or between the District of Columbia and any state or states or foreign nations, is hereby declared illegal. Every person who shall make any such contract or engage in any such combination or conspiracy shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be punished by fine not exceeding $5,000 or by imprisonment not exceeding one year, or by both said punishments, in the discretion of the court. Sec. 4. The several Circuit courts of the United States are hereby invested with jurisdiction to prevent or restrain violations of this act and it shall be the duty of the several district attorneys of the United States, in their respective districts, under the direction of the attorney-general, to institute proceedings in equity to prevent and restrain such violations. Such proceedings may be by way of petition setting forth the case and praying that such violation shall be enjoined or otherwise prohibited. When the parties complained of shall have been duly notified of such petition the court shall proceed as soon as may be to the hearing and determination of the case; and pending such petition and before final decree the court may at any time make such temporary restraining order or prohibition as shall be deemed just in the premises. Sec. 5. Whenever it shall appear to the court before which any proceeding under section 4 of this act may be pending that the ends of justice require that other parties should be brought before the court, the court may cause them to be summoned, whether they reside in the district in which the court is held or not; and subpoenas to that end may be served in any district by the marshal thereof. Sec. 6. Any property owned under any contract or by any combination or pursuant to any conspiracy (and being the subject thereof) mentioned in section 1 of this act and being in the course of transportation from one state to another or to a foreign country shall be forfeited to the United States and may be seized and condemned by like proceedings as those provided by law for the forfeiture, seizure and condemnation of property imported into the United States contrary to law. Sec. 7. Any person who shall be injured in his business or property by any other person or corporation by reason of anything forbidden or declared unlawful by this act may sue therefor in any Circuit court of the United States in the district in which the defendant resides or is found, without respect to the amount in controversy, and shall recover threefold the damages by him sustained and the cost of suit, including a reasonable attorney's fee. Sec. 8. That the word "person" or "persons" wherever used in this act be deemed to include corporations and associations existing under or authorized by the laws of either the United States, the laws of any of the territories, the laws of any state or the laws of any foreign country. THE MONROE AND DRAGO are The "Monroe doctrine" was enunciated by President Monroe in his message to congress Dec. 2. 1823, Referring to steps taken to arrange the respective rights of Russia, Great Britain and the United States on the northwest coast of this continent, the president went on to say: "In the discussions to which this interest has given rise, and in the arrangements by which they may terminate. the occasion has been deemed proper for asserting, as a principle in which the rights and interests of the United States are involved, that the American contiDents, by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European power. . We owe it, therefore, to candor and to the amicable relations existing between the United States and those powers to declare that we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety. With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power we have not interfered and shall not interfere. But with the governments who have declared their independence and maintain it, and whose independence we have, on great consideration and on just principles, acknowledged, we could not view any interposition for the purpose of oppressing them or controlling in any other manner their destiny by any European power in any other light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States." DOCTRINES. DRAGO DOCTRINE. When in the winter of 1902-03 Germany, Britain and Italy blockaded the ports of Venezuela in attempt to make the latter country settle up its debts Dr. L. F. Drago, a noted jurist of Argentina, maintained that force cannot be used by one power to collect money owing to its citizens by another power. Prominence was given to the contention by the fact that it was officially upheld by Argentina and-faThe vored by other South American republics. principle embodied has become generally known as the "Drago doctrine." LODGE RESOLUTION. In connection with the reported attempt of Japan to obtain land for the establishment of a naval base in Magdalena bay, on the western coast of Mexico, the senate of the United States adopted the following resolution Aug. 2, 1912: "Resolved. That when any harbor or other place in the American continents is so situated that the occupation thereof for naval or mili tary purposes might threaten the communica, tions or the safety of the United States, the government of the United States could not see without grave concern the possession of such harbor or other place by any corporation or association which has such relation to another government. not American, as to give that government practical power of control for national purposes." DISTANCES BETWEEN AMERICAN CITIES. By the shortest usually traveled railroad routes. [Compiled from the war department's official table of distances.] Mis. Mis. Mls. Mls. Mls. Mis. Mls. Mls. Mls. Mis. Mis. Mls. Mls. Mls. 832 236 1,028 202 333 480 297 3,106 567 724 Atlanta.. 876 733 785 611 1,106 688 736 188 802 97 934 418 474 919 2,805 805 492 217 1,034 321 1,230 917 1,517 1,142 1,253 818 496 648 1,158 693 887 1.184 40 1,222 926 1,119 1,602 458 1,454 442 525 427 610 1,256 438 945 912 821 284 1,034 85 912 790 420 Cincinnati.. 718 442 1,073 437 777 138 399 935 471 734 1,107 1,347 1,810 884 Detroit...... Chicago.. Cleveland...... Columbus, O..... Duluth..... 701 757 298 666 341 926 2,452 1,540 2,361 825 183 734 983 1,097 892 1,342 458 1,251 3,149 2,265 3,058 Minneapolis... 1,332 Mobile..... 1,231 Montreal 386 777 1,372 912 1,281 699 1,602 1,184 1,073 1,256 2,482 1,142) 1.090 764 598 2,152 2,820 1,119 975 1,213 795 1,085 1,193 3.098 1,057 616 755 1,517 277 1,466 1,211 755 967 1,981 898 880 1,171 573 2,084, 3,273 3,018 2,562 2,774 475 2,705 2,425 2,350 2,007 2,978 2,301 871 304 780 274 1,040 703 358 541 2,468 427 114 389 778 663 724 1,157 527 1,066 311 1.387 969 738 921 2,439 807 494 612 396 929 897 997 85 906 369 1,119 887 442 610 2,359 553 383 997 875 335 420 1,241 586 1,454 1,222 945 2.096 888 718 835 1,285 1,210. 929 1,140 647 1,461 1.043 1,029 1,212 2,625 1,098 785 1,014 141 1,003 1,233 841 477 1,051 330 574 623 434 8,115 704 826 926 1,655 614 1,125 903 82, 1,056 226 179 575 405 3,177 435 748 988 1,363 219 1,323 76 980 167 1,141 140 2014 628 445 8,254 5201 833 1,065 1,448 304 1,400 829 997 1,144, 1,285 757 997 1.372 228 1,352 1,792 1,579 1,891 2,284 1,316 791 578 1,080 1,283 381 906 1,281 137 1,241 813 553 1,142 302 888797 614 3,423 789 1,041 1,234 1,717 573 1,569 2,817 772 2,760 2,590 2,378 2,746 3,082 2,042 499 3,308 634 926 1,119 1,562 418 1,454 612 3,287 876 1,039 1,098,827 786 1,433 553 3,153 417 581 964 1,046 115 1,299 68 2.877 838 495 688 1,324 894 1,023 875 1,058 1,867 948 668 655 941 1,221 1,230 934 548 731 2,194 621 841 369 699 894 576 1.444 1,212 767 935 2.086 878 TUS 325 1,275 1.200 1,943 1,204 1,852 920 2,150 1,755 1,468 1,651 1,911 1.541 1,217 1,289 571 1,715 1.820 3,186 2,274 3,095′ 2,194 3,308 3,076 2,631| 2,799|| 2,742 2,572 2,859 2,482 3.064 2,096 3,151 2.239 3,060 2,332 3,273 2,941 2,596 2,764 957 2,707 2,537 2,154 2,931 3,029 1,818 2,812 1,900 2,721 1,952 2,934 2,702 2,257 2,425 1,205 2,368 2,198 1,815 2,535 2,690 479 139 935 230 1,131 99 827 583 400 8.209 683 827 1,020 1,511 367 1,355 1,195 1,309 1,104 1,187 1,425 1,007 1,297 1,405 3,310 1,209 1,053 1,394 828 967 1,729 705 244 615 437 795 595 113 296 2,518 261 203 329 1,032 2281 7901 137 894 458 437 438 3,064 302 553 875 1,144 3,204 2,292 3,113 2,212 3,326 3,094 2,649 45 378 682 718 795 343 879 252 918 799 430 354 251 373 603 361 1,392 470 1,301 1,065 284 974 1,322 410 1.231 327 1,474 1,261 40 DISTANCES BETWEEN TO PRINCIPAL EUROPEAN PORTS. Distances in nautical miles traversed by full powered steamships in traveling from Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore to London, Liverpool, Glasgow, Antwerp, Hamburg and Havre by northern and southern routes. [Computed by United States hydrographic office.] From Boston (Boston lightship) to London GREAT SEAPORTS. Baltimore (the basin) to- Havre Antwerp North- South- Hamburg ...... New York (the Battery) to-London 3,313 3,423 New York (the Battery). 2,951 3,099 Liverpool Glasgow Philadelphia .3,104 3,252 Baltimore .3,258 3,406 3.274 Galveston .... Southampton to-Montreal St. John, New Brunswick. Antwerp ...3.501 3.611 Hamburg Havre ..3,763 3,873 New York (the Battery) Baltimore Eastern Nautical miles from New York, New Orleans. Via Panama canal.. +Approximately. San Francisco and Port Townsend by shortest end railroad. Western end. AMERICAN HALL OF FAME. William E. Channing. "The Hall of Fame for Great Americans" is the name of a building on University Heights in New York city, in which are inscribed on bronze tablets the names of famous American men and women. Nominations for the honor are made by the public and are submitted to a committee of 100 eminent citizens. In the case of men fiftyone votes are required and in the case of women forty-seven. The first balloting took place in October, 1900, when the following were chosen: George Washington. Abraham Lincoln. Daniel Webster. Benjamin Franklin. Ulysses S. Grant. John Marshall. Thomas Jefferson. Ralph W. Emerson. H. W. Longfellow. Robert Fulton. Horace Mann. Henry W. Beecher. James Kent. Joseph Story. John Adams. Washington Irving. Jonathan Edwards. Samuel F. B. Morse. David G. Farragut. Henry Clay. Nathaniel Hawthorne. George Peabody. Robert E. Lee. Peter Cooper. Ell Whitner. John J. Audubon. CHOSEN IN 1905. John Quincy Adams. James Russell Lowell. William T. Sherman. James Madison. John G. Whittier. Alexander Hamilton. Louis Agassiz. John Paul Jones. Mary Lyon. Emma Willard. Maria Mitchell. CHOSEN IN 1910. Harriet Beecher Stowe. Oliver Wendell Holmes. Edgar Allan Poe. Roger Williams.* James Fenimore Cooper. Phillips Brooks. William Cullen Bryant. Frances E. Willard. Andrew Jackson. |