In the course of the next few days the entire, 7th and 8th Turkish armies were virtually annihilated. The mobility of the allied forces and the boldness of Gen. Allenby's plan of hitting at the strongest point in the Turkish defenses added to the success. The rush of the British cavalry completed the enemy's discomfiture.

The Turkish reserves consisted of troops which recently arrived from the Caucasus. Field Marshal Liman von Sanders, commander of the Turkish forces, and his staff escaped capture by only six hours. British cavalry, pushing up the Mediterranean coast of Palestine, occupied Haifa and Acre. The capture of these ports represented an advance of sixty miles in the operations. Allied troops reached Es-Salt, fifteen miles northwest of Amman.

Damascus Taken.

Troops of an Australian mounted division entered Damascus Monday night, Sept. 30. At 6 a. m. Oct. 1 the city was occupied by the British forces and by a portion of the Arab army of King Hussein. More than 7,000 prisoners were taken. British troops entered Aleppo Oct. 26.

Surrender Announced.

The surrender of Turkey was announced in the French chamber of deputies Oct. 31 by Admiral Leygues, minister of marine. who said:

"A few days ago Gen. Townshend was freed to go to inform the British admiral commanding in the Egean sea that the Turkish government asked that negotiations be opened with a view to conclusion of an armistice between Turkey and the allies.

"Rear-Admiral Calthorpe replied that if the Turkish government sent regularly accredited plenipotentiaries he had the necessary powers to inform them of the conditions under which the allies would consent to cease hostilities and that he had the power to sign on behalf of the allies an armistice based on these conditions.

"The Turkish plenipotentiaries arrived at Mudros at the beginning of this week, The armistice was signed last night [Oct. 30] by Rear-Admiral Calthorpe on behalf of the allies. and it became effective this noon.

"It is impossible to publish the complete terms, but they include:

"Free passage of the allied fleets through the Dardanelles to the Black sea.

"Occupation of the Bosporus and the Dar danelles forts as necessary to guarantee the security of this passage.

Must Return Prisoners.

"The immediate release and return of all allied prisoners of war." commander of the Gen. Townshend was British Mesopotamian force which surrendered at Kut-el-Amara on April 29, 1916. Gen. Townshend had been sent as a prisoner to an island in the Sea of Marmora.

Collapse of Austria.

The collapse of Austria-Hungary followed close on the heels of that of Turkey. There were many minor engagements along the Piave and in the mountainous regions after the illfated Austrian drive in June, but there was nothing like a general offensive until after the middle of October. On the 23d of that month the Italians, aided by the French and British, attacked in the Monte Grappa region and on the Asiago plateau. They also struck along the upper reaches of the Piave river and before the 25th had taken 3.000 prisoners. On the Piave they captured the islands of Grave di Pappadopolo and Maggiore, which are in the vicinity of Odrizo. They took prisoner the enemy garrisons of these islands. A little farther to the north and west the Italians made important progress in the region of Monte Grappa, the scene of some of the hardest fighting of the war. They crossed the Ornic river and captured Monte Solarolo and part of

Monte Prassolan and Monte Pertica. On the Asiago plateau they took Monte Sisemol. An official Italian communique issued on Oct. 28 said:

Our army, in conjunction with allied contingents, has crossed the Piave river by force of arms, engaging in bitter battles the enemy, who strove desperately to bar the way.

"Between the slope and heights of Val Dobbiadene and the mouth of the Soligo torrent cur infantry assault troops passed during the night, under violent fire, to the left bank of the river, broke into the enemy's front lines and carried them.

Supported by the fire of the artillery on the right bank, they gained ground and repulsed enemy counterattacks throughout the day.

To the south the 10th army, taking advantage of the successes of the British at Grave di Pappadopolo, compelled the enemy to retire and repulsed two counterattacks in the direction of Borgo Malanotte and Roneadelle. "The prisoners taken yesterday aggregated more than 9,000. Fifty-one guns were captured."

By the night of the 29th the allied troops were nearly eight miles east of the Piave river and still were driving the disorganized Austrians before them. Cavalry and light infantry detachments forced a crossing of the Monticano river, routed the enemy rear guards at Vazzola and headed in the direction of the Livenza river to the east.

Over the forty mile front from the region of Monte Grappa, in the north, eastward and then south nearly to Ponte di Piave, twenty miles north of the sea, Italian. British and French troops everywhere reported a victorious advance.

At the north end of the attack line on the Piave Italian troops stormed Val Dobbiadene, swept up and took the heights of Colfosto. overran the Susegana plain, and took the town of that name. Conegliana, five miles northeast of the left bank of the Piave, was occupied and passed in the advance.

North of the Montello the French took Monte Pionar by storm, while Italian troops. north and west, crossed the Ornic river, an east and west stream which flows into the Piave, and drove the Austrians from Alano di Piave.

British units, far to the west of the Brenta, raided the enemy trenches opposite Asiago and found them unoccupied.

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The captures in materiel were heavy, cluding not only field artillery but cannon of large caliber.

American troops under Maj.-Gen. Charles G. Treat crossed the Piave river with the 10th army, composed of British. Italians and Americans, under Lieut.-Gen. the Earl of Cavan. This was the first army to begin erations by establishing a bridgehead across the Piave river at the island of Grave di Pappadopolo.

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By Oct. 30 more than 50,000 Austrian pris oners had been taken, with 300 guns and great quantities of military stores. An official statement from Rome said that hordes of the enemy were streaming in rout from the mountain passes, seeking to cross the Tagliamento river, about ten miles east of the Livenza. The Italian. British and French troops crossed the Livenza at several places along its headwaters and were headed for the Tagliamento. beyond which lie the Isonzo and the Austrian frontier. To the south the 3d Italian army, which forced several passages of the lower Piave on the 29th. was driving the enemy before it, despite some show at resistance.

Italian troops reached Ponte delle Albi, northeast of the city of Belluno, in the north. thus definitely dividing the Austrian armies.

"The enemy is completely defeated east of the Piave." said an official Italian dispatch. "and is with great difficulty sustaining the incessant pressure of our troops in the mountain region. in the plain, and in the Alpine foothills of Venetia. Our armies are aiming

AUSTRO-ITALIAN BATTLE LINES IN 1918. irresistibly toward the objectives which have been designated.

"The enemy masses are streaming in confusion down the mountain valleys in an attempt to reach passes on the Tagliamento. Prisoners, guns, war materiel and storehouses, scarcely touched, fell into our hands.

The 12th army, after having completely taken possession of the height of Ceseme, is The fighting to conquer the pass of Quero. 8th army has conquered the ridge between the valley of Follina and the valley of the Piave and has occupied the pass of Seravelle, advancing toward the plain of Cansiglio, aiming at the plain of Pordenone. The 10th army has brought its front on the Livenza.

The 3d army, is pushing ahead, overwhelming and capturing the enemy, who offers a bitter resistance. Czecho-Slovak troops are participating in the action.

"In the Grappa region our troops renewed their attack and this morning succeeded in conquering Col Caprile, Col Bonatto, Asalone, Monte Prassolan, the salient of Solaro, Monte Spinoncia and the plateau of Asiago.'

On Nov. 1 the official Italian account of the battle operations read:

The battle continues all along the front. The enemy is strongly maintaining his resistance from the Stelvio to the Astico, but he is wavering beyond the Asiago plateau and is in utter rout all along the rest of the front. The greatest defense that the enemy has is the natural obstacles along the road of its retreat.

"Our troops are full of enthusiasm and are following the enemy relentlessly.

The 12th army, after conquering the pass of Quero, has rapidly advanced south of Belluno and after brilliantly rounding the depression of Vadalto has advanced on Belluno and occupied the city.

The 3d army, re-enforced also by a regiment of marines, has occupied the whole intricate zone along the Adriatic.

"In the direction of Udine the Italian troops are also fast advancing. Pordenone has fail

On Aug. 3 and 4 Gen. Pershing was able to report: The full fruits of victory in the counteroffensive begun so gloriously by Franco-American troops on July 18 were reaped to-day, when the enemy, who met his second great defeat on the Marne, was driven in confusion beyond the line. of the Vesle. The enemy, in spite of suffering the severest losses, has proved incapable of stemming the onslaught of our troops, fighting for liberty side by side with French, British and Italian veterans. In the course of the operations 8.400 prisoners and 133 guns have been captured by our men alone. Our troops have taken Fismes by assault and hold the south bank of the Vesle in this section."

Foch Made Marshal of France.

On Aug. 6 the French council of ministers elevated Gen. Ferdinand Foch to the rank of marshal of France. In connection with this event Premier Clemenceau said:

"At the hour when the enemy, by a formidable offensive, counted on snatching the decision and imposing a German peace upon us. Gen. Foch and his admirable troops vanquished him.

"Paris is not in danger, Soissons and Chateau Thierry have been reconquered and more than 200 villages have been delivered.

"Thirty-five thousand prisoners and 700 cannon have been captured and the enemy's high hopes of the week before have been crushed. The glorious allied armies have thrown him from the banks of the Marne to the Aisne. Such are the results of the high command's strategy, superbly executed by incomparable commanders. The confidence placed by the republic and by all the allies in the conqueror of St. Gond. the Yser and the Somme has been fully justified."

Smash in Picardy.

On Aug. 8 the British and French launched an offensive in Picardy and on a front of more than twenty miles astride the Somme pressed forward from six to seven miles, taking more than 10,000 prisoners and capturing Moreuil, Hamel and numerous other places. In his report of the first day's operations Gen. Haig said:

The operations commenced this morning on the Amiens front by the French 1st army under command of Gn. Debeney and the British 4th army under Sir Henry Rawlinson are proceeding successful y, The assembly of allied troops was completed under cover of night, unnoticed by the enemy.

"At the hour of assault French. Canadian, Australian and English divisions, assisted by a large number of British tanks, stormed the Germans on a front of over twenty miles from the Avre river at Braches to the neighborhood of Morlancourt. The enemy was taken by surprise. and at all points the allied troops have made rapid progress.

"At an early hour our first objectives had been reached on the whole of the front attacked. During the morning the advance of the allied infantry continued actively assisted

by British cavalry, light tanks and motor machine gun batteries.

"The resistance of German divisions in the line was Overcome at certain points after sharp fighting, and many prisoners and a number of guns were captured by our troops. The French troops, attacking with great gallantry, crossed the Avre river, and despite the enemy's opposition carried hostile defenses. North of the Somme the great part of our final objectives were gained before noon, but in the neighborhood of Chipilly parties of the enemy offered prolonged resistance, In both localities the fighting was heavy, but ultimately our troops broke down the opposition of the German infantry and gained their objectives.

South of the Somme the gallantry of the allied infantry and the dash and vigor of their attack had gained during the afternoon the final objectives for the day on practically the whole of the battle front.

"Assisted by our light tanks and armored cars. cavalry passed through the infantry and beyond our objectives, riding down the German transports and limbers in their retreat. and capturing villages and taking many prisoners."

Chipilly Ridge.

The hard fighting at Chipilly ridge mentioned in Gen. Haig's dispatch was done chiefly by Australian troops but they were ably assisted by American soldiers, former national guardsmen from Chicago and vicinity. whose work won the highest praise. They fought like veterans and contributed materially to the victory. The battle was thus described in the dispatches of Aug. 10:

"Details of the brilliant battle which the Americans and British fought for the spur are now available. In order to go over the top at the appointed time yesterday afternoon the Americans were forced to make a rapid march, in the last part of which they ran so as to be in the fight.

"The American machine gunners and infantry went into battle with their traditional enthusiasm. They met the Germans and defeated them here, just as they did along the Marne.

"At places stiff resistance developed, but all along the line the Americans. British and French smashed through the harassed enemy. who was trying to hold up their advance.

"Chipilly spur, north of the Somme, was captured by the American and British troops at 6 o'clock. The attack began at 5 o'clock. when the allies drove forward between the Ancre and the Somme. They were supported by tanks and were preceded by a heavy barrage fire. The enemy was driven toward Bray, northeast of Chipilly.

"In the American attack the German infantry held for a while and then broke, and the Americans kept going. at some places without the assistance of the tanks. The ground. pitted with deep gullies. was unsuited for tank warfare.

"There were no trenches, but a thin smoke screen blowing across the ground indicated where the enemy's positions lay. At the same time the German artillery became active and dropped shells in the direction of the American troops which inflicted a few casualties. The Americans, however, ran on and reached the smoke line just as it lifted. There they found themselves at grips with the enemy.

"Meanwhile certain American units had reached positions in front of a wood when the Germans opened fire with machine guns. Many of these enemy machine gunners came up from deep dugouts after the American barrage had ceased and they placed their guns in prepared pits. The Americans faced a hail of bullets here. The Germans continued to fire until the Americans and English put them out of action."

On Aug. 14 Gen. March, chief of staff, announced that the American regiment officially commended for valorous deeds in the battle of Chipilly ridge was the 131st infantry, formerly the 1st Illinois infantry, from Chicago. The regiment was commanded by Col. Joseph B. Sanborn.