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HAWAIIAN SUGAR INDUSTRY AMERICANIZED.

The following report was issued from the [ alien property custodian's office in Washington, D. C., in November, 1918:

The powerful German hold on the sugar industry of the Hawaiian islands has been crushed. The control of Hawaii's most important industry has been restored to its people. This is the effect of the announcement of A. Mitchell Palmer, alien property custodian, that he had completed the Americanization of the H. Hackfeld Co., the great German owned corporation which for years has played so important a part in the sugar situation of the Hawaiian islands. In 1917 plantations controlled by this German pany produced 140,000 tons of cane sugar.

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Mr. Palmer Americanized this German concern by organizing a new company, known as the American Factors (Ltd.), and selling the entire assets and business of the German Hackfeld Co. to the American company, whose stockholders are all loyal American citizens, most of them residents of the Hawaiian islands. As a result 640 American residents of Hawaii have become stockholders in the new corporation, which has a capitalization of $7.500.000, because the assets of the H. Hackfeld Co. were valued at that amount.

The Americanization of the H. Hackfeld Co. is one of the most important and most interesting of the steps taken by the alien property custodian to crush for all time the German control of America's most important industries. This concern was one of the important links in this control, and was the center of pro-German propaganda in the Pacific.

The H. Hackfeld Co. was capitalized at $4,000,000. It had undivided profits and reserves amounting to $3.924.933. In 1917 the net earnings of the corporation were $1.661.624. Some of the companies which it controlled were: Oahu Sugar Co. (Ltd.). Pioneer Mill Co. (Ltd.), Lihue Plantation Co. (Ltd.), Kakaha Sugar Co. (Ltd.), Makee Sugar Co., Koloa Sugar Co.. Grove Farm Plantation. Waimea Sugar Mill Co., The Kipahulu Sugar Co., and Pacific Guano and Fertilizer Co. (Ltd.).

The American Factors (Ltd.) has a capital of 50.000 shares at a par value of $150, or $7,500,000. In comparison with the old capital stock of $4.000.000 this would make the new shares as of a value of about 187; in other words, the stockholders of the H. Hackfeld Co. are securing for themselves 7% per cent more than was stated by the company when under German management to be their true worth or value.

The shares in the American Factors (Ltd.) were offered to the public, and no one individual was allowed to buy more than 500 shares. Corporations or groups of persons, including families of not less than five, were permitted to subscribe to a maximum amount of 2,500 shares; the amounts of these subscriptions were subject to a reduction, the smallest subscribers receiving preference in

every case.

The subscribers received stock trust certificates which when surrendered on the expiration of three years after the date of the termination of war between the United States and Germany entitle the holder to receive the certificate of stock mentioned in the stock trust certificate and until then to receive the payments equal to the dividends, if any have been collected by the trustees. All of the shares of stock will be transferred to seven trustees under trust agreement to continue during the war with Germany and thereafter for three additional years. All subscribers were obliged to satisfy the alien property custodian as to their loyalty.

The trustees selected to manage the American Factors (Ltd.) are George Sherman, R. A. Cooke, F. C. Atherton, C. R. Hemenway, Richard H. Trent, A. W. T. Bottomley, and G. T. Wilcox, all of Honolulu.

The H. Hackfeld Co. was controlled by J. F. Hackfeld, a subject and resident of Germany, through J. F. Hackfeld (Ltd.). which was organized for the purpose of naturalizing himself as far as possible without having to take the oath of allegiance to the United States. He went to the Hawaiian Islands many years ago and built up a business which, with the assistance given him under the kartel system, amounted to many millions of dollars when the United States entered the European war.

According to the by-laws of the H. Hackfeld Co. there were only three officers, and in case of the death or disability of any officer, the officer of the next rank automatically filled the position. The by-laws also provided that any one officer had the authority in case of the absence of the rest of the officers to perform any act deemed necessary, the same as if all were present. The three officers of the company were J. F. Hackfeld. George Rodiak and J. F. C. Hagens.

In January of this year (1918) J. F. Hackfeld was in Germany, and George Rodiak, the next ranking officer of the corporation, was in San Francisco, having been convicted of violating the neutrality laws of the United States. Hagens remained in Honolulu and on Jan. 10 he called a meeting of H. Hackfeld (Ltd.) and sold six American citizens 11,000 shares in the Hackfeld Co. These 11,000 shares, together with the holdings of Hagens and German naturalized Americans, and one American family, made the control of H. Hackfeld Co. Mr. Palmer persuaded the Americans who purchased this stock to rescind the sale.

The H. Hackfeld Co., through its subsidiary companies. has been practically the deciding factor in the sugar industry in the Hawaiian islands. They have ordinarily produced from 20 to 30 per cent of the sugar of the islands. The company is one of many ramifications. They own or control the Pacific Guano and Fertilizer Co. (Ltd.), which furnishes phosphates to the Hawaiian sugar growers: they have in the past brought this phosphate from South America in their own boats to the Hawaiian islands.

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H. Hackfeld Co. also conducted a general merchandise business, wholesale as well retail, and owned the B. F. Ehlers Co., of Honolulu. which is the largest department store west of San Francisco. The company has branches in New York and San Francisco. This is now known as the Liberty store.

George Rodiak, one of their former cfficers, pleaded guilty in the courts of the United States in San Francisco to having violated the neutrality laws of the United States. in that he fitted out certain ships in order that these ships might assist the German raiders in the Pacific ocean, At the outbreak of the European war in 1914 ships flying the German flag which entered the port of Honolulu for harbor were taken care of by H. Hackfeld Co. The Pommern was one of these vessels: she came from Australia with a cargo of British merchandise. It is said that H. Hackfeld Co. assisted the German raiders on the Pacific ocean in replenishing their supplies, especially with coal.

All enemy-owned property in the Hawaiian islands, Philippines, Porto Rico, Panama, the Virgin islands, and the other insular possessions has been administered by the alien property custodian through the division of insular possessions, of which Walter D. Denegre is chief.

The Great War.

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DECLARATIONS OF WAR.

Austria against Belgium, Aug. 28, 1914.
Austria against Japan, Aug. 27, 1914.
Austria against Montenegro, Aug. 9, 1914.
Austria against Russia, Aug. 6, 1914.
Austria against Serbia, July 28, 1914.
Brazil against Germany, Oct. 26. 1917.
Bulgaria against Roumania, Sept. 1, 1916.
Bulgaria against Serbia, Oct. 14, 1915.
China against Austria, Aug. 14, 1917.
China against Germany, Aug. 14, 1917.
Costa Rica against Germany and Austria-Hun-
gary, May 24, 1918.

Cuba against Germany, April 7, 1917.
Cuba against Austria, Dec. 16, 1917.
France against Austria, Aug. 12, 1914.
France against Bulgaria, Oct. 16, 1915.
France against Germany, Aug. 3, 1914.
France against Turkey, Nov. 5, 1914.
Germany against Belgium, Aug. 4, 1914.
Germany against France, Aug. 3, 1914.
Germany against Portugal, March 9, 1916.
Germany against Roumania, Aug. 28, 1916.
Germany against Russia, Aug. 1, 1914.
Great Britain against Austria, Aug. 13, 1914.
Great Britain against Bulgaria, Oct. 15, 1915.
Great Britain against Germany, Aug. 4, 1914.
Great Britain against Turkey, Nov. 5, 1914.
Greece against Bulgaria, Nov. 23, 1916 (pro-
visional government).

Greece against Bulgaria, July 2, 1917 (gov-
ernment of Alexander).

Greece against Germany, Nov. 28, 1916 (provisional government).

Greece against Germany, July 2, 1917 (gov-
ernment of Alexander).

Guatemala against Germany, April 21, 1918.
Haiti against Germany, July 12, 1918.
Honduras against Germany, July 19, 1918.
Italy against Austria, May 24, 1915.
Italy against Bulgaria, Oct. 19, 1915.
Italy against Germany, Aug. 28. 1916.
Italy against Turkey, Aug. 21, 1915.
Japan against Germany, Aug. 23, 1914.
Liberia against Germany, Aug. 4, 1917.

Montenegro against Austria, Aug. 8, 1914.
Montenegro against Germany, Aug. 9, 1914.
Nicaragua against Austria, May 6, 1918.
Nicaragua against Germany, May 7, 1918.
Panama against Germany, April 7, 1917.
Panama against Austria, Dec. 10, 1917.
Portugal against Germany, Nov. 23, 1914 (res.
olution passed authorizing military interven-
tion as ally of England).

Portugal against Germany, May 19, 1915 (mil.
itary aid granted).

Roumania against Austria, Aug. 27, 1916
(allies of Austria also consider it a declara-
tion).

Russia against Bulgaria, Oct. 19, 1915.
Russia against Turkey, Nov. 3, 1914.
San Marino against Austria, May 24, 1915.
Serbia against Bulgaria, Oct. 16, 1915.
Serbia against Germany, Aug. 6, 1914.
Serbia against Turkey, Dec. 2, 1914.
Siam against Austria, July 22, 1917.
Siam against Germany, July 22, 1917.
Turkey against allies, Nov. 11, 1914.
Turkey against Roumania, Aug. 29, 1916.
United States against Germany, April 6. 1917.
United States against Austria-Hungary, Dec.
7. 1917.

SEVERANCE OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS.
Austria with Japan, Aug. 26. 1914.

Austria with Portugal, March 16, 1916.
Austria with Serbia, July 26, 1914.

Austria with United States. April 8, 1917.
Belgium with Turkey, Oct. 30, 1914.
Bolivia with Germany, April 14, 1917.
Brazil with Germany, April 11, 1917.
China with Germany, March 14, 1917.
Costa Rica with Germany, Sept. 21. 1917.
Ecuador with Germany, Dec. 7, 1917.
Egypt with Germany, Aug. 13, 1914.
France with Austria, Aug. 11, 1914.
France with Turkey, Oct. 30, 1914.
Germany with Italy, May 23, 1918.

Great Britain with Turkey, Oct. 30, 1914.
Greece with Turkey, July 2, 1917 (government
of Alexander).

Greece with Austria, July 2, 1917 (government
of Alexander).

Guatemala with Germany, April 27, 1917.
Haiti with Germany, June 16, 1917.
Honduras with Germany, May 17, 1917.
Japan with Austria, Aug. 25, 1914.
Liberia with Germany. May 8, 1917.
Nicaragua with Germany, May 18, 1917.
Peru with Germany, Oct. 5, 1917.
Roumania with Bulgaria, Aug. 30. 1916.
Russia with Bulgaria, Oct. 5, 1915.
Russia with Turkey. Oct. 30, 1914.
Turkey with United States, April 20, 1917.
United States with Germany. Feb. 3. 1917.
Uruguay with Germany, Oct. 7, 1917.

SURRENDER DATES.

Russia to Germany and her allies, Dec. 16. 1917.

Roumania to Germany (treaty signed), May
6. 1918.

Bulgaria to France and allies, Sept. 29, 1918.
Turkey to Britain and allies, Oct. 30. 1918.
Austria-Hungary to allies and United States,
Nov. 3, 1918.

Germany to allies and United States, Nov. 11,
1918.

PROCLAMATION OF WAR AGAINST
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.
President Woodrow Wilson on Dec. 11, 1917,
issued the following:

By the president of the United States of
America a proclamation:

Whereas, the congress of the United States, in the exercise of the constitutional authority vested in them, have resolved, by joint resolution of the senate and house of representatives bearing date of Dec. 7, 1917, as follows: "Whereas, the imperial and royal Austro

Hungarian government has committed repeated acts of war against the government and the people of the United States of America; therefore be it

"Resolved by the senate and house of representatives of the United States of America in congress assembled, That a state of war is hereby declared to exist between the United States of America and the imperial and royal Austro-Hungarian government; and that the president be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to employ the entire naval and military forces of the United States and the resources of the government to carry on war against the imperial and royal Austro-Hungarian government; and to bring the conflict to a successful termination all the resources of the country are hereby pledged by the congress of the United States."

scribed by law shall be liable to restraint, or to give security or to remove and depart from the United States in the manner prescribed by sections 4069 and 4070 of the revised statutes and as prescribed in regulations duly promulgated by the president;

And pursuant to the authority vested in me, I hereby declare and establish the following regulations, which I find necessary in the premises and for the public safety:

(1) No native, citizen, denizen or subject of Austria-Hungary, being a male of the age of 14 years and upward and not actually naturalized, shall depart from the United States until he shall have received such permit as the president shall prescribe, or except under order of a court, judge or justice, under sections 4069 and 4070 of the revised statutes;

(2) No such person shall land in or enter Whereas, by sections 4067, 4068, 4069 and the United States, except under such restric 4070 of the revised statutes, provision is made tions and at such places as the president may relative to natives, citizens, denizens or sub-prescribe; jects of a hostile nation or government, being (3) Every such person of whom there may males of the age of 14 years and upward, who be reasonable cause to believe that he is aidshall be in the United States and not actuallying or about to aid the enemy, or who may be naturalized;

Now, therefore, I. Woodrow Wilson, president of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim to all whom it may concern that a state of war exists between the United States and the imperial and royal Austro-Hungarian government, and I do specially direct all officers, civil or military, of the United States that they exercise vigilance and zeal in the discharge of the duties incident to such a state of war; and I do, moreover, earnestly appeal to all American citizens that they, in loyal devotion to their country, dedicated from its foundation to the principles of liberty and justice, uphold the laws of the land and give undivided and willing support to those measures which may be adopted by the constitutional authorities in prosecuting the war to a successful issue and in obtaining a secure and just peace;

And, acting under and by virtue of the authority vested in me by the constitution of the United States and the aforesaid sections of the revised statutes, I do hereby further proclaim and direct that the conduct to be observed on the part of the United States toward all natives, citizens, denizens or subjects of Austria-Hungary, being males of the age of 14 years and upward who shall be within the United States and not actually naturalized, shall be as follows:

All natives, citizens, denizens or subjects of Austria-Hungary, being males of 14 years and upward, who shall be within the United States and not actually naturalized, are enjoined to preserve the peace toward the United States and to refrain from crime against the public safety, and from violating the laws of the United States and of the states and territories thereof, and to refrain from actual hostility or giving information, aid or comfort to the enemies of the United States, and to comply strictly with the regulations which are hereby or which may be from time to time promulgated by the president; and so long as they shall conduct themselves in accordance with law they shall be undisturbed in the peaceful pursuit of their lives and occupations, and be accorded the consideration due to all peaceful and law-abiding persons, except so far as restrictions may be necessary for their own protection and for the safety of the United States: and toward such of said persons as conduct themselves in accordance with law all citizens of the United States are enjoined to preserve the peace and to treat them with all such friendliness as may be compatible with loyalty and allegiance to the United States.

And all natives, citizens, denizens or subjects of Austria-Hungary, being males of the age of 14 years and upward, who shall be within the United States and not actually naturalized, who fail to conduct themselves as so enjoined, in addition to all other penalties pre

at large to the danger of the public peace or safety, or who violates or attempts to violate, or of whom there is reasonable ground to be lieve that he is about to violate any regulation duly promulgated by the president, or any criminal law of the United States, or of the states or territories thereof, will be subject to summary arrest by the United States marshal or his deputy, or such other officers as the president shall designate, and to confinement in such penitentiary, prison, jail, military camp or other place of detention as may be directed by the president.

This proclamation and the regulations herein contained shall extend and apply to all land and water, continental or insular, in any way within the jurisdiction of the United States. In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed.

Done in the District of Columbia this eleventh day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and seventeen and of the independence of the United States the one hundred and forty-second.

By the president:

WOODROW WILSON.

ROBERT LANSING, Secretary of State.

PANAMA VS. AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. The republic of Panama, which declared war on Germany April 7, 1917, followed the example of the United States with regard to Austria-Hungary and formally declared war on the dual monarchy Dec. 10, 1917, the national assembly passing the following resolution:

"The national assembly of Panama: In view of the message of the president in which he advises the national assembly of the declaration of war made by the congress of the United States of America on the Austro-Hungarian empire and considering that the republic of Panama has expressed before in its laws and resolutions its firm willingness to lend to the United States of America all the powers and co-operation it may be capable of in the present war, making common cause with the democratic nations which are fighting to impede the predominance of the world by the Teuton powers, be it

"Resolved, That the republic of Panama be declared in a state of war from to-day, Dec. 10, 1917, with the Austro-Hungarian empire. "That the president be invested with the nec essary powers to co-operate with the United States of America in the prosecution of the war in accordance with the principles of international law."

GUATEMALA AT WAR WITH GERMANY. Guatemala, which broke off diplomatic relations with Germany April 28, 1917, entered the ranks of the allies when on April 21, 1918,

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M. ESTRADA, C.'

"In having the honor of transmitting to your excellency the president's cablegram, and pending receipt of a copy of the decree of the national legislative assembly, it is, as always, a pleasure to me to make known to your excellency the decision of the government of Guatemala in accordance with the desires of her people to stand beside the United States in defense of the rights of America and of humanity so ruthlessly and persistently menaced by the German autocracy in their efforts to substitute throughout the world a military despotism for liberty and civilization.

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"Guatemala, like the United States, will maintain her belligerency until a stable peace founded on respect for right and justice can be established as a guaranty to the nations. seize this opportunity to reiterate to your excellency the assurance of my highest consideration. JOAQUIN MENDEZ."

NICARAGUA DECLARES WAR ON GER-
MANY.

With only four dissenting votes the congress of Nicaragua declared war May 7, 1918, on Germany and her allies. The action was taken at the suggestion of President Chamorro. The congress also adopted a declaration of solidarity with the United States and other American republics at war with Germany and AustriaHungary and authorized the president to take steps for the utilization in full measure of the nation's forces in the war.

HAITI DECLARES WAR ON GERMANY. The council of state of Haiti, acting in accordance with the legislative powers given it under the new constitution, on the 15th of July, 1918, unanimously voted a declaration of war on Germany as demanded by the president of the republic.

HONDURAS DECLARES WAR ON GERMANY.

Honduras, which broke diplomatic relations with Germany May 18, 1918, followed that action July 19 with a formal declaration of war.

BATTLE NAMES ON AMERICAN BANNERS.

When Marshal Foch received the distinguished service cross presented to him in the name of President Wilson by Gen. Pershing at Senlis, France, Nov. 12, 1918, the commander in chief of the allies said:

"I shall never forget that tragic day in March when you placed at my disposition the To-day we entire resources of your army. have gained the greatest battle in history and saved the most sacred cause-the liberty of the world.

"For the last two months the American army has fought in a most difficult region a fierce and ceaseless battle. For all time the words 'La Meuse' can be borne with merited pride upon the standards of the American army.

Following is a list of the more important battle names which Americans are entitled to place upon their standards:

Seicheprey, April 20.
Cantigny. May 28

Chateau Thierry, June 4.

Chateau Thierry (second battle), July 15.

Marne, June 4-July 15.
Bouresches. June 13.
Belleau wood, June 15.
Vaux. July 1.

Chipilly ridge, Aug. 8.
Hamel. July 4.
Soissons. July 18.
Torcy July 18.

Beaurepaire farm, July 18.
Vierzy, July 19.

Mont St. Pere, July 21.
Charteves. July 21
Jaulgonne. July 21.
Truzny. July 24.
Epieds. July 24.

Foret de Fere. July 24.
Roncheres wood, July 29.
Cierges. July 29.
Sergy, July 29.

Hill 250. July 29.

St. Mihiel. Sept. 12-13
Thiaucourt. Sept. 12.

Vigneulles. Sept. 12.

Montfaucon Sept. 27-28.

Exermont. Sept. 27-28.
Gercourt. Sept. 27-28.
Septsarges. Sept. 27-28.
Cuisy, Sept. 27-28.
Malacourt. Sept. 27-28.
Ivoiry, Sept. 27-28.
Epinonville, Sept 27-28.
Charpentry, Sept. 27-28.
Very, Sept. 27-28.

Marcheville. Sept. 27-28.

Rieville, Sept. 27-28.

Hindenburg line. Sept. 29-Oct. 1.
Reims, Oct. 2-9.

St. Etienne, Oct. 2-9.
Gesnes. Oct. 4.

Aire valley, Oct. 4.
Chatel-Chery. Oct. 7.
Consenvoye. Oct. 7.

Haumont wood. Oct. 7.

Fleville, Oct. 9.

Bantheville Oct. 23.

Anereville, Nov. 1.

Douleon. Nov. 1
Andevanne. Nov. 1

Landres et St. Georges. Nov. 1.
Chennery, Nov. 1.

Spitaals Bosschen. Nov. 3.

Audenarde. Nov. 3.

Authe. Nov. 3.

Chatillon-sur-Bar. Nov. 3.

Fosse. Nov. 3.

Nouart. Nov. 3.

Halles, Nov. 3.

Meuse (crossed). Nov. 5.

Meuse (at Sedan) Nov. 6.

Meuse hills, Nov. 7-10.

Note The names of battles and the dates are mainly those used by Gen. Pershing in his report to the secretary of war.

CASUALTIES IN THE WAR.

No comprehensive or reliable compilation of the total casualties in the war has yet been made owing to the absence of official figures from some of the combatants. The following figures were the best available up to Dec. 5. 1918:

AMERICAN.

Gen. Pershing reported the casualties in the American expeditionary forces up to Nov. 26, 1918, to be:

Killed in action. 28.363.
Died of wounds. 12.101.
Died of disease, 16,034.
Died of other causes. 1,980.
Total dead, 58.428.
Missing in action, 14.290.
Prisoners, 2.163.

Severely wounded. 54.761.
Undetermined, 43,168.
Slightly wounded. 92.036.
Total wounded, 189.955.
Total casualties, 264,846.

Later reports added 4.310 to the number killed in action or died of wounds; 1.823 to the number of dead of disease and 10.330 to the number of casualties, thus making the total reach 281,309.

Naval.

On Nov. 26 Surgeon-General Braisted announced that the deaths in the United States navy from "war causes" amounted to 1,233. BRITISH.

British casualties during the war, including all the theaters of activities, totaled 3,049,991, it was announced in the house of commons by James Ian MacPherson, parliamentary secretary for the war office. Of this number the officers killed, wounded or missing aggregated 142,634 and the men 2,907.357,

The total of British losses in killed on all fronts during the war was 658,665, the secretary said. Of these 37,836 were officers and 620,829 were men.

The total British wounded in the war was more than 2.000,000, the parliamentary secretary's figures showing the aggregate to be 2.032.122. The losses in missing, including prisoners, totaled 359.145. Of the wounded 92,644 were officers and 1.939.478 were men.

Of the missing, including prisoners, 12.094 were officers and 347.051 were men. The figures given include troops from India and the dominions.

The total casualties in France and Belgium were 2.719,652. Of this total 32,769 officers were killed and died of wounds or other causes and 526,843 men. The wounded totaled 1,833.345, comprising 83.142 officers and 1.750,203 men. The missing, including prisoners, totaled 326.695, comprising 10,846 officers and 315.849 men.

In Italy the British losses totaled 6.738. Of these eighty-six officers and 941 men were killed, 334 officers and 4,612 men were wounded. Of the 765 missing thirty-eight were officers and 727 men.

The Dardanelles expedition cost the British 119.729 casualties. Of this number 1,785 officers were killed or died and 31.737 men. The wounded were 3.010 officers and 75.508 men. The missing, including prisoners, were 258 officers and 7,431 men.

On the Saloniki front the losses were 27.318. Of these the killed were 285 officers and 7.330 the wounded 818 officers and 16.058 men. men. the missing 114 officers and 2.713

men.

The total British losses in the Mesopotamian campaigns were 97.579, according to Mr. MacPherson's figures. Of these the fatalities were 31.109, comprising 1,340 officers and 29.769

men.

The wounded totaled 51,115, comprising 2.429 officers and 48.686 men. The missing and prisoners totaled 15,355, comprising 566 officers and 14.789 men.

In Egypt the total losses were 57,853. Those killed or who died of wounds were 15,892. comprising 1.098 officers and 14.794 men. The wounded totaled 38,073, comprising 2,311 officers and 35,762 men. The missing and prisoners totaled 3,888, comprising 183 officers and 3,705 men.

It was officially announced Nov. 27 that during the war the forces of Great Britain actually lost nearly 1,000.000 men killed or dead through various causes. Recently it was stated the British losses totaled 658.704, but this number did not take into consideration men reported missing, who actually lost their lives, but of whom there is no trace, nor did it account for men who died at the front from sickness.

Naval.

The British naval casualties from the outbreak of the war to Nov. 11 numbered 39.766. the admiralty announced Nov. 26. These were divided as follows:

Killed or died of wounds, officers...... 2.466 Men .30.895 Wounded, missing or prisoners, officers. 1.042 Men 5.363

In addition 14.661 officers and men of British merchant vessels and fishing boats lost their lives by enemy action while pursuing their ordinary vocations, and 3.295 were taken prisoner.

Canadian.

Canada's war casualties up to eleven days before the armistice totaled 211,358, it was announced Nov. 12, 1918. These are classified as follows: Killed in action. 34,877; died of wounds or disease, 15.457: wounded, 152.779: presumed dead, missing in action and known prisoners of war, 8.245.

Australian.

Some conception of what Australia did in the war and of the losses, sustained by the commonwealth can be gained from figures which were officially issued Oct. 31, 1918. Out of a population of 5,000,000 Australia sent abroad 336.000 men. The total casualties numbered 290.191, including 54,890 dead. Recruiting in Australia before the armistice was signed was at the rate of 4,240 a month. GERMAN.

The German losses were placed at 6,330.000 by the socialist newspaper Vorwaerts of Berlin. on Nov. 20. The newspaper's estimate, which was unofficial, said that up to Oct. 31 1,580,000 German soldiers had been killed and the fate of 260,000 was not known. million soldiers were wounded and 490.000 were prisoners. This made a total casualty list of 6.330.000.

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