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Statement of the Case.

202 U.S.

east branch of Pearl river with Lake Borgne, being identical with the Louisiana eastern boundary, and thence extending up the channel of Pearl river;

"7th. That the islands included between the shore line and the southern boundary of the State of Mississippi are the islands heretofore described, viz: the western end of Petit Bois Island, with all of Horn Island, Ship Island and Cat Island, and the small islands north of them, those islands being large, and well known to Congress at the time of the passage of the act, all of which islands and the southern boundary of the State of Mississippi will more fully appear from the diagram No. 3, made a part of this bill;

"8th. That the islands contemplated in the act of Congress of 1812, creating the State of Louisiana, and intended to be embraced within the State of Louisiana, as provided by the clause, 'Thence bounded by the said Gulf to the place of beginning, including all islands within three leagues of the coast,' were all of the other islands, except those heretofore named as going to the State of Mississippi, as all other islands, and all other mainland, are south and west of the boundary line thus passing from Pearl river through the deep water channels in Lake Borgne, and Mississippi Sound, through the deep water channel, southwest of Cat Island to the eastward of the Chandeleur Islands, and thence south, taking in the delta of the Mississippi river, and extending westward along the Gulf coast, including all islands along the coast, to the Sabine river, where the State of Louisiana is thence bounded on the westward by the State of Texas, all of which will more fully appear from diagram No. 2, heretofore referred to;

"9th. Now your orator avers that there has developed in recent years in the waters south of the State of Mississippi and east of the southern portion of the State of Louisiana a considerable growth of oysters, and an industry of large proportions, in the handling of the said bivalves, either in their fresh or in a canned condition, has resulted therefrom;

"10th. That the State of Mississippi has, by legislative

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202 U.S.

Statement of the Case.

enactments, regulated the oyster industry in the waters of said State, and permits the dredging of oysters on the natural oyster reefs in waters of the said State, as will more fully appear from the statutes of said State to which reference is made;

"11th. That the State of Louisiana has by legislative enactments regulated the oyster industry in the said State of Louisiana, and prohibits the dredging of oysters on the natural reefs in the waters of said State, as will more fully appear from the statutes of said State to which reference is made:

"12th. That the provisions of the laws of the said two States differ considerably in many other respects.

"13th. That the existence and location of the natural oyster reefs in the waters of the parish of St. Bernard in the State of Louisiana which adjoins the State of Mississippi is shown by the map made from a reconnaissance by the United States Fish Commission steamer 'Fish Hawk,' in February, 1898, as will more fully appear from diagram No. 4, now made part of this bill;

"14th. Now your orator avers that the boundary line dividing the two States in the waters thereof has been clearly defined by the acts of Congress creating the States of Louisiana and Mississippi, as will be seen from the diagram No. 5, made up from the boundary descriptions taken from the acts of Congress creating the said States of Louisiana and Mississippi, which diagram is also made part of this bill;

"15th. That the said boundary line in the waters between said States has never been designated by buoys or marks of any kind by either State, nor designated in any manner, except by the United States Government in so far as it has buoyed the deep water channel, extending from the mouth of the Pearl river through the upper corner of Lake Borgne north of Half Moon Island, eastward to the Cat Island Pass, north of Isle à Pitre, and southwest of Cat Island, which buoys were placed by the Coast Survey of the United States Government;

"16th. That owing to the differences in the laws of the States of Louisiana and Mississippi, regulating the oyster industry of

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Statement of the Case.

202 U.S.

the respective States, the said statutes providing penalties for the violation thereof, much confusion has resulted and a great public demand has arisen in Louisiana to definitely mark the

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DIAGRAM No. 5.

boundary line dividing the two States in the waters thereof; that citizens of the State of Mississippi, in violation of the laws of the State of Louisiana, have been fishing oysters with dredges

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