however, in keeping cereals and fruit, particularly through the summer months, and on occasions this class of merchandise has been damaged by heat in transit. These difficulties are being obviated by changed methods of procurement. Continued emphasis has been placed on the need for careful inspection of deliveries and when expert assistance has not been obtainable within the service it has been procured from other governmental units or from the outside. Commodity specifications are constantly being revised.

Deliveries of food, wearing apparel, and other articles were more promptly made during the year than at any time since the World War period. Nearly all necessaries were on hand when the schools opened.

The service is indebted to the Bureau of Mines, the Bureau of Standards, the Bureau of Public Roads, the Bureau of Animal Industry, the Bureau of Plant Industry, the Bureau of Chemistry, and other branches of the Government for their assistance and technical advice in the procurement and inspection of supplies.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

In response to frequent requests for information there have been compiled a number of bulletins or pamphlets relating to Indian life, customs, history, population, etc., which are now available for those who desire, as shown in the following list:

Primitive Agriculture.
Bibliography-Legends.
Bibliography-History.
Arts and Industries.
Indian Religion.

Indian Missions.

Education of the Indians.

Colonial Population.

Bibliography-Indian and pioneer stories for children.

Indian Wars and Local Disturbances.

American Indian in the World War.

Cliff Dwellings.

Indian Legends.

Indian Music.

Indian Citizenship.

Indian Home Life.

Indian Population, by States, Agencies, and Tribes, for the Preceding Year. Indian Reservations.

Peyote.

CONCLUSION

In concluding this report it is desired to express on behalf of the Indian Service our appreciation of the interest and cooperation of yourself and other representatives of your department in the Indian work.

Sincerely yours,

The SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR.

C. J. RHOADS, Commissioner.

APPENDIX

STATISTICAL TABLES

POPULATION

There are 337,652 Indians enumerated at 82 Federal agencies located in 25 States.

The definition of an Indian as employed by the Indian Service not only includes persons of Indian blood who through wardship, treaty, or inheritance rights have contact with the service, but also non-Indians entitled to enrollment. Thus, the census of the Five Civilized Tribes includes 23,405 freedmen. The Census Bureau defines an Indian as a person of a recognizable amount of Indian blood. Furthermore, the population enumerated at Federal agencies is not necessarily domiciled on or near the reservations. It is the population on the agency rolls and includes both reservation and nonreservation Indians. Thus, an Indian may be carried on the rolls because of tribal or inheritance rights, etc., and may reside anywhere in the United States or in a foreign country. Reports of births and deaths among absentees are often not received. În many instances certification is made to the State registrars of vital statistics and thus to the Bureau of the Census, but not to the Indian Service. In a considerable number of cases the addresses of nonreservation Indians are unknown. For the above reasons the statistics of Indian population as shown in the decennial reports of the Bureau of the Census can not agree with the statistics of the Indian Service.

Indians living in States in which there are no agencies are shown below in a separate table based on the Fourteenth Census of the United States taken in 1920. The figures include a number whose names appear on agency rolls.

Indians enumerated at Federal agencies plus those residing in States in which there are no agencies give a total of 345,575, but it should be borne in mind that the Indian Service figure is for 1929 and that the Census Bureau figure is for 1920; also, that it is impossible to ascertain the number of Indians, not enumerated at Federal agencies, living in States in which agencies are located.

No accurate figures are available concerning nonreservation Indians. Agencies having approximately 30 or more per cent of the Indians residing away from the reservations are referred to in separate footnotes at the end of the table.

In some instances the population figures vary considerably from those of previous years. Explanations are given in most cases. The figures in the following table are subject to revision, but are the most accurate available.

Indian population of the United States enumerated at Federal agencies as of June 30, 1929

1 Males plus females do not equal total, because for some agencies population by sex is lacking. 2 Approximately 40 per cent live off the reservations, the majority in Needles, Blythe, and Los Angeles, Calif.; the others in Las Vegas, Nev.

3 An enumeration of the Navajos was made in 1929 and included the following jurisdictions: Hopi Agency (Navajos), Eastern, Leupp, Northern, Southern, and Western Navajo Agencies. The census at Leupp, Northern and Southern Navajo has not been completed. Previous population figures for this tribe were estimates and can not be used for comparison.

4 Hopi Agency has under its jurisdiction 2,492 Hopis (1,326 males and 1,166 females) and 3,253 Navajos (1,652 males and 1,601 females).

23

Indian population of the United States enumerated at Federal agencies as of June 30, 1929—Continued

An enumeration of the Navajos was made in 1929 and included the following jurisdictions: Hopi Agency (Navajos), Eastern, Leupp, Northern, Southern, and Western Navajo Agencies. The census at Leupp, Northern, and Southern Navajo has not been completed. Previous population figures for this tribe were estimates and cannot be used for comparison.

Approximately 35 per cent live off the reservation in Arizona, the majority in Clarkdale. The residence of 40 per cent is unknown.

6 An enumeration of the Pima, and Papago Indians under Salt River Subagency, Pima, and Sells Agencies was made in 1929. The census of the Papagos at Akchin, and the Papago villages under Pima Agency is incomplete. 263 were enumerated. Reliable estimates place their number at 350. The Sells census has not been completed, and the figure is subject to revision.

? Approximately 30 per cent are living off the reservation in Arizona, the majority in Gila Valley.

8 Approximately 10 per cent migrate to Mexico for the greater part of the year and approximately 15 per cent reside off the reservations in the Salt River Valley, Ariz.

Approximately 65 per cent are off the reservation, the majority in Arizona; the others in California and Oklahoma.

10 The Indians of California have a suit in the Court of Claims against the United States. Under the act of May 18, 1928, a roll of prospective beneficiaries and a separate roll of other California Indians are being prepared. They will not be completed until 1931. Present figures for the agencies in this State are estimates with the exception of those for Fort Yuma.

11 Approximately 45 per cent live off the reservations in widely scattered localities in Inyo and Mono Counties, Calif.

12 Mission Agency includes 28 small reserves widely scattered throughout the southern part of California. 13 The Indians under Sacramento Agency are scattered over an area of approximately 100,000 square miles in 45 counties in northern and central California. No accurate census has ever been made. The majority reside on 52 scattered rancherias on the public domain. Approximately 10 per cent live on the Round Valley and Tule River Reservations.

14 The Seminoles are scattered over an area of approximately 5,000 square miles within or near the Everglades, Fla. The territory is almost inaccessible and is uninhabited by whites. The census is accordingly inaccurate. Approximately 80 per cent live off the reservation.

15 The majority have received patents in fee to their land and are carried on the rolls because of inheritance rights in trust property or funds. The census is inaccurate.

16 Practically all of the Indians under Mackinac Subagency have been declared competent. They have little contact with the Indian Service. The last census was made in 1927.

17 Approximately 30 per cent live off the reservations. 25 per cent of the absentees reside in Duluth, Minneapolis, and St. Paul, Minn. The remainder are scattered in 39 States, and 3 foreign countries, principally in Canada, although a small number reside in Panama and China.

18 Approximately 45 per cent are living off the reservation, mostly in Minnesota.

19 There is no reservation. Approximately 80 per cent of the Choctaws are renters or share tenants. Of the other 20 per cent the majority live on land bought by the Government for resale to them, and a few live on private property.

Indian population of the United States enumerated at Federal agencies as of June 30, 1929-Continued

1 Males plus females do not equal total, because for some agencies population by sex is lacking. 3 An enumeration of the Navajos was made in 1929 and included the following jurisdictions: Hopi Agency (Navajos), Eastern, Leupp, Northern, Southern, and Western Navajo Agencies. The census at Leupp, Northern, and Southern Navajo has not been completed. Previous population figures for this tribe were estimates and can not be used for comparison.

20 Walker River Agency also has under its jurisdiction Indians in Nye, White Pine, Esmeralda, and Churchill Counties, Nev., of whom no census has been made. The figures do not include an estimate of these scattered Indians.

21 Most of the Navajos under Eastern Navajo Agency live in New Mexico. Approximately 30 per cent reside on railroad lands, 30 per cent on private property, and 20 per cent on public domain.

22 The New York Indians live on 8 widely separated reservations. The United States has treaty obligations which provide for annual per capita payments of money and specified goods to the Allegany, Cattaraugus, and Tonawanda Senecas, who numbered 3,032 in 1928, when the last payment was made. The census of those receiving no payments is inaccurate.

23 Population by sex is lacking.

24 The final roll of the Eastern Band of Cherokees is being made under the act of June 4, 1924. To date it includes over 1,200 persons whose right to enrollment is challenged by the tribe. Approximately 30 per cent live off the reservation, the majority in North Carolina.

25 The majority have received patents in fee and have severed connections with the agency. Approximately 50 per cent reside off the reservation and are scattered in the various States in the Northwest. 26 The names of 101,506 persons were placed upon the final roll of the Five Civilized Tribes on Mar. 4, 1907. Of this total there were 75,493 citizens by blood, 2,608 by intermarriage, and 23,405 freedmen. It is impossible to give a reliable estimate of the living members. The figure shown is the best available, but is subject to a wide margin of error. The majority of the members reside in eastern Oklahoma, but a very considerable number are scattered throughout the United States. Thousands of citizens by blood have had their restrictions removed by act of Congress or with the approval of the Secretary of the Interior. They have no contact with the Indian Service, and their number is not known. A census of the enrolled restricted Indians made in May and June, 1927, showed approximately 12,000; also, approximately 13,000 unenrolled restricted Indians born since Mar. 4, 1907, making a total of restricted Indians under the jurisdiction of the Five Civilized Tribes Agency in the neighborhood of 25,000.

Indian population of the United States enumerated at Federal agencies as of June 30, 1929-Continued

27 There are 1,115 restricted members. The census of the unrestricted members is inaccurate. Ap.. proximately 35 per cent of the tribe resides outside of Osage County in 21 States. The large increase in population for 1929 as compared with 1928 is the result of a special survey of absentees. The 1929 figure includes births previously unreported.

28 Approximately 65 per cent reside off the reservations in 24 States. No census of the Miamis and Peorias under Quapaw jurisdiction is available. They are scattered over the United States and maintain no tribal relations. Restrictions on their land and property were removed in 1915. At that timethey numbered 393. This figure is not included in that for the jurisdiction.

29 Approximately 45 per cent live off the reservations. The increase of 1,664 in the census is due to the fact that the 1928 figure included only 725 Potawatomi, the number living on or near the reservation. The wherabouts of the others was unknown. The 1929 Potawatomi census shows 2,301, including those off the reservation in all sections of the United States.

30 The Fourth Section Allottees were allotted under the fourth section of the general allotment act of Feb.. 8, 1887, on the public domain in 5 counties in southern Oregon. Their census is inaccurate.

31 There is no reservation. Approximately 55 per cent reside away from the old agency and are scattered throughout the United States.

32 Approximately 30 per cent live off the reservations and are scattered throughout the United States. This percentage includes the Ponca and Santee Subagencies in Nebraska.

33 Approximately 250 Alabama and Coushatta Indians live on a small reservation in Polk County, Tex., given them by the State, and to which has been added a small tract purchased by the United States in 1929. They are not Federal wards and have no treaty with the Government. However, there is an annual appropriation for educational purposes.

34 Approximately 60 per cent reside off the reservations, the majority in Washington. A decrease of 688. in the 1929 census as compared with that for 1928 is due to the fact that in 1928 the unrestricted Cowlitz and Chinook Indians were estimated at 1,376; in 1929, at 688. They are widely scattered throughout southwestern Washington and northern Oregon and have little contact with the Ind an Service. No census of them is available.