These figures give some unexpected results. Marked deficiency among the races represented is found in the Russian Hebrew, the Italian, Irish, and Polish. Apparent excellence is found among Slavs and Magyars. Owing to the small numbers involved, however, it is necessary to accept the results with some degree of reserve.

CITIZENSHIP.

As regards the interest in and the attainment of citizenship by the operatives of foreign birth, the following table shows, by race, the present political condition of foreign-born male employees who had been in the United States five years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming to this country:

TABLE 80.-Present political condition of foreign-born male employees who have been in the United States 5 years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming, by race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States.]

From the data presented in the preceding table it appears that 36.3 per cent of the foreign-born male employees who have been in the United States five years or over and who were 21 years of age or over are fully naturalized and that 21.7 per cent have first papers only. Of the races for which the percentages have been computed the Germans and Irish have the largest and the Lithuanians the smallest proportion of individuals fully naturalized, and the Magyars and Croatians the largest and the Lithuanians the smallest proportion of individuals having first papers only.

The disposition to acquire citizenship after designated periods of residence in this country is set forth in the following table, which shows, by years in the United States and race, the present political condition of foreign-born male employees who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming to the United States:

TABLE 81.-Present political condition of foreign-born male employees who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming to the United States, by years in United States and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 100 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

The proportion of foreign-born male employees in the United States from five to nine years who are fully naturalized is much larger for the Irish than for the individuals of any other race, while the proportion having first papers only is largest for the Slovaks and Irish, in the order mentioned, and smallest for the Poles. The Germans and Irish, in the order mentioned, have the largest and the Slovaks the smallest proportion of individuals in the United States ten years or over who are fully naturalized and the Slovaks and Poles, in the order mentioned, have the largest, and the Irish the smallest proportion of individuals in the United States ten years or over who have first papers only.

The table following shows, by race of individual, the present political condition of foreign-born males, in the households studied, who had been in the United States five years or over, and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming to this country.

TABLE 82.-Present political condition of foreign-born males who have been in the United States 5 years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States.]

Of the 255 foreign-born males for whom information was obtained in this industry only 25.1 per cent are fully naturalized, while an additional 18.8 per cent have, by securing first papers, manifested desire to become citizens of the United States. Among the foreignborn races, by far the largest proportion, or 69.8 per cent, fully naturalized, is shown by the Irish. No Ruthenians have acquired full citizenship, and only 17.1 per cent of the South Italians, the proportion of South Italians being slightly in excess of that of the Slovaks, Poles, or Lithuanians, in the order named. With the exception of the Germans, by far the largest proportion of whom are fully naturalized, the Slovaks have manifested the greatest interest in becoming citizens, 43.2 per cent of whom have secured first papers. The least interest, on the other hand, is manifested by the Ruthenians, as only 9.1 per cent have declared their intention of becoming citizens of the United States. As regards the Poles, Lithuanians, and South Italians, each show a slightly larger proportion having first papers only than do the Ruthenians.

ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH.

The table following shows, by sex and general nativity and race of individual, the percentage of persons 6 years of age or over in the households studied who could speak English.

TABLE 83.-Per cent of persons 6 years of age or over who speak English, by sex and general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

(This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 40 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all non-English-speaking races.]

Of the total number of males 6 years of age or over, 71.2 percentage speak English, and of the total number of females of corresponding age, 56.7 percentage speak English. Both the native-born of foreign father and the foreign-born show a greater proportion of males speaking English than of females, the slightest difference between the sexes being among the native-born of foreign father, 99.4 per cent of the males speaking English and 98.2 per cent of the females. English is more generally spoken by the males than by the females of every specified race. The most marked difference in ability to speak English between the sexes is among the Slovaks. The Lithuanians, on the other hand, show the least difference, 58.7 per cent of the males speaking English and 47.2 per cent of the females.

The following table shows, by sex and race, the percentage of foreign-born employees of non-English-speaking races, who speak English:

TABLE 84.-Per cent of foreign-born employees who speak English, by sex and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 80 or more persons reporting. The total, how ever, is for all non-English-speaking races.]

This table shows a report from 3,051 persons all of whom are males excepting 9; 65.6 per cent of the total can speak English. The greatest proficiency in speaking English is shown by the Germans, who show 95.5 per cent thus qualified. The Croatians with 86.6 per cent are next, then come the Magyars and Slovaks, while the lowest proportion speaking English is shown by the Lithuanians, followed by the South Italians, Poles, and Russians.

The following table shows, by age at time of coming to the United States and race of individual, the percentage of foreign-born persons in the households studied, 6 years of age or over, who could speak English:

TABLE 85.-Per cent of foreign-born persons 6 years of age or over who speak English, by age at time of coming to the United States and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 40 or more persons reporting. ever, is for all non-English-speaking races.]

The total, how

Information was obtained in this industry for 1,194 foreign-born persons, and it will be seen from the above table that of those who were under 14 years of age at time of coming to the United States 91 per cent speak English, as compared with 50.4 per cent of those who were 14 years of age or over at time of coming. Of the several races reporting, the Ruthenians alone report 100 per cent of those who were under 14 years of age at time of coming to this country, who at present speak English. Closely following the Ruthenians are the South Italians, Slovaks, and Lithuanians, each showing slightly larger proportions of those who were under 14 years of age at time of coming and who now speak English than do the Poles. Among persons who were over 14 at time of coming to the United States only two race groups, the Slovaks and South Italians, report a proportion who now speak English in excess of 50 per cent. Of those reporting less than 50 per cent the Lithuanians report a slightly larger proportion than the Poles or Ruthenians, in the order named.

The table following shows, by years in the United States and race of individual, the percentage of foreign-born persons in the households studied 6 years of age or over, who could speak English.