TABLE 44.-Per cent of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over who read and per cent who read and write, by age at time of coming to the United States and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreignborn.]

Race of individual.

Italian, South.
Lithuanian.

Polish..
Ruthenian..
Slovak..

Total.

Number reporting complete data.

Per cent who

are

Single.

Married.

70

417

371

310

298

1,468

Per cent who read, by

age at time of com-
ing to United States.

Widowed.

Number reporting complete data.

Under 14. 14 or over.

The preceding table shows the percentage of persons who can read and the percentage of persons who can both read and write to be much larger in the group of those who were under 14 years of age at the time of coming to the United States than that of those who were 14 or over at the time of arrival in this country. The proportion of persons who can both read and write is somewhat smaller than the proportion of those who can read.

CONJUGAL CONDITION.

The conjugal condition of the persons in the households studied is indicated in the following table. The table shows, by sex, age groups, and by general nativity and race of individual, the percentage of persons in each conjugal condition.

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TABLE 45.-Per cent of persons in each conjugal condition, by sex, age groups, and by general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

MALE.

66.7

79.6

89.6

30 to 44 years of
age.

86.5

77.3

82.5

Single.

Married.

117 67.5 32.5 0.0
106 73.6 26. 4 .0
56 51.8 48. 2 .0

48 35.4 64. 6 .0 80 6.3 93.8

379 63.3 36.7 .0

Per cent who

are

35.9

49.9

63.8

56.0

68.9

57.8

11130.6 68.5 0.9

0106

Per cent who read and write, by age at time of coming to United States.

89 12.4 87.6

96 15.6 82.3 2.1

Under 14. 14 or over.

401 16.5 82.5 1.0

Widowed.

Number reporting
complete data.

Number reporting
complete data.
Widowed.
Married.

Single.

45 years of age or

over.

50.0

72.2

89.6

83.8

77.3

79.4

21 81.0 19.0 .0 27 70.4 29.6' .0 352 62.8 37.2 .0

7: (a) (a) i (a) 394 16.8 82.2 1.0

a Not computed, owing to small number involved.

Per cent who

are

30 0.0 100.0 0.0 31 9.7 83.9 6.5 26.0 96. 2, 3.8 28 7.1 89.3 3.6 126 5.6 88.9 5.6

35.9

24.2

43.7

46.9

61.8

42. 1

7 (a) (a) (a) 119 4.2 91.6 4.2

20 years of age or

over.

Per cent who

are

Single.
Married.

Widowed.

258 43.8 55.8 0.4 226 40.7 58. 4 .9 178 24.7 73.6 1.7 156 15. 4,84. 0 .6

906 34.5 64.2 1.2

21 81.0 19.0 0 41 51.243.9 4.9 865 33.865.2 1.0

TABLE 45.—Per cent of persons in each conjugal condition, by sex, age groups, and by general nativity and race of individual---Continued.

FEMALE.

a Not computed, owing to small number involved.

The greater proportion of the persons in each specified age group are married, ranging from 56.4 per cent of those 20 to 29 years of age to 86.8 per cent of those 30 to 44. However, the proportion of persons 45 years old or over who are widowed is considerably larger than the proportion of widowed in the preceding group. In the group 20 to 29 years of age the greater proportion of the persons native-born of foreign father are single, but the greater proportion of the foreignborn are married. In the succeeding age group there is not a sufficient number of persons native-born of foreign father for comparison. The greatest difference in the conjugal condition of the races is in the age group 20 to 29 years old, where the proportion of married persons ranges from 44.7 per cent of the Poles to 79 per cent of the Slovaks. The most striking difference in the conjugal condition of the males and females is also in the age group 20 to 29 years. In this group 95.8 per cent of the females are married as compared with 36.7 per cent of the males. In the age group 30 to 44 years there is also a predominating proportion of females who are married. In the group 45 years of age or over there is a predominating proportion of males who are married, but it should be noted that in this group the females show a considerably larger proportion widowed than the males.

AGE CLASSIFICATION OF MEMBERS OF HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The age characteristics of the members of the households studied are exhibited by the following table, which shows, by sex and general nativity and race of head of household, the percentage of persons. within each age group.

TABLE 46.-Per cent of persons within each age group, by sex and general nativity and race of head of household.

General nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

MALE.

Number reporting complete

data. Under 6. 6 to 13. 14 and 15. 16 to 19. 20 to 29.

1,705

32 1,673

36 299

277

262

270

1,176

32 1,144

107

744

705

627

634

2,881

64 2,817

19.7

17.3

13.3

16.7

20.3

16.9

15.6

16.9

25.0

20. 1

25.6

26.7

23.7

23.8

18.8

24.0

21.5
18.4

18. 2

Per cent within each specified age group.

20.9

21.8

19.7

17.2

19.8

30 to 44. 45or over.

Of 2,881 persons reporting complete data, 19.7 per cent are under 6 years of age, 20.8 per cent are from 6 to 13, 4.4 per cent are from 14 to 15, 7.3 per cent are from 16 to 19, 19.8 per cent are from 20 to 29, 21.5 per cent are from 30 to 44, and 6.6 per cent are 45 years of age or over. There is very little difference between proportions of foreign-born and native-born persons in the different age groups except those showing persons from 16 to 19 years of age and 45 years of age or over. In the former foreign-born persons show considerably higher percentages than native-born, while in the latter group native-born show larger proportions than foreign-born. In comparing males and females in the different age groups it is seen that the percentage of females is higher than that of males in all age periods under 16 years, while males show a higher per cent than females in all groups over 16 years of age.

CHAPTER VII.

GENERAL PROGRESS AND ASSIMILATION.

Ownership of homes-Status of children in the households studied-CitizenshipAbility to speak English-[Text Tables 47 to 53 and General Tables 32 to 37].

The accumulation of property is not only an indication of thrift on the part of the owner, but if the owner is a person of foreign birth it also exhibits a tendency toward permanent settlement in the United States. In this connection the following table, showing the number and percentage of families owning homes, is submitted.

TABLE 47.-Number and per cent of families owning home, by general nativity and race of head of family.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

OWNERSHIP OF HOMES.

STATUS OF CHILDREN IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

(a)

(a)

(a)

7.5 13.3 11.9 10.8

11.4

a Not computed, owing to small number involved.

The preceding table shows that 11.4 per cent of the total number of families studied own homes, foreign families showing a slightly smaller percentage than that shown for all families. The Poles show the highest percentage owning homes, followed by Ruthenians and Slovaks in slightly smaller proportions, while Lithuanians show only 7.5 per cent of families owning homes.

10.8

The next table submitted is instructive as indicating the tendency on the part of children in the families studied to attend school. The table shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the percentage of children 6 and under 16 years of age at home, at school, and at work.