3 Ici commence une nouvelle phrase: Il vint à passer une vieille

femme, &c. 4 de. 5 Il s'arrangeait toujours pour. 6 7 only

knew it, connaissait ma position. 8

assurer.

sur.

dog Tom *, when 3 he passed an aged woman, clothed in 4 rags, and dragging an immense bundle of dead branches * (f.) The Emperor stopped, asking her, "You seem to me very old to be still obliged to carry so heavy a burden. Where are you going to ?" The old woman answered, "We must† live. I once had a grandson, poor ‡ Martial*. He always managed to 5 send me a few white pieces (silver), which he saved from 6 his pay, but, alas! he was (p. ind.) killed in Italy, and since then I am alone, and without his help. Many people tell me that if the Emperor only knew it he would give me something, but it is so difficult (445.) to see the Emperor. They say he is very kind, but I never could tell him all this." The Emperor, evidently touched, said, "Well, en attendant, here is a piece of 50f.; jut look at the head on it. Is it at all like me?" "Ah! c'est l'Empereur!" "Yes, ma bonne femme, the Emperor is delighted to (447.) have walked on this road this evening, and to have an opportunity of providing you henceforth with the pension* (f.) Martial * gave (imp.) you."

8

FALLOIR is frequently followed (without a preposition) by the infinitive mood, when speaking in a general way :—

1. Il faut vivre.

2. Il ne faut pas rester seul.

1. We must live.

2. You must not remain alone.

The article appears in French before proper names preceded by an adjective of quality, whether the English use it or not :

L'immortel Shakspere, The immor

tal Shakspere.

Le vieux Géronte, Old Géronte.

Le jeune Édouard, Young Edward.

La pauvre Marie, Poor Mary.

13. RELATIONSHIP EXTRAORDINARY,

(See "French Studies," pp. 28 and 197.)

PARENTÉ EXTRAORDINAIRE. I got acquainted, Je fis connaissance. a I married, Je l'épousai. 3 in love, amoureux. 4 got, pris.

I got acquainted with1 a young widow, who lived with her stepdaughter in the same house. I married 2. My father fell, shortly after it, in love with the stepdaughter of my wife, and married her. My wife became the mother-in-law and also the daughter-in-law† of my own. father; my wife's stepdaughter is my stepmother, and I am the stepfather of my mother-in-law. My stepmother, who is the stepdaughter of my wife, has a boy: he is naturally my stepbrother, because he is son of my father and of my stepmother; but because he is son of my wife's stepdaughter, so is my wife the grandmother of the little boy, and I am the grandfather of my stepbrother. My wife has also a boy; my stepmother is consequently the stepsister of my boy, and is also his grandmother, because he is the child of her stepson; and my father is the brother-in-law of my son, because he has got his stepsister for a wife. I am the brother of my own son, who is the son of my stepmother, I am the brother-in-law of my mother, my wife is the aunt of her own son, my son is the grandson of my father, and I am my own grandfather.-Harper's Magazine.

+ “Daughter-in-law" is bru, which means nothing else; whereas belle-fille signifies both "daughter-in-law” and “stepdaughter."

14. MOZART AND HAYDN.+

(AN (383.) ANECDOTE.)

(Vide HAVET's "French Studies," p. 195.)

1 At sight, première vue. 2 piece, morceau, (m.)

*

Mozart and Haydnt being at a party, the former laid a wager of six bottles of champagne* with the latter that he would not play at sight1 a piece of music which he (Mozart) would compose. Haydn accepted the challenge, and Mozart speedily wrote down a few (586.) notes and presented them to Haydn, who, having played a prelude, exclaimed, "How do you think I can play that? My hands are at each extremity of the piano* (m.), and there is at the same time a note* (f.) in the middle.""Does that stop you?" said Mozart. Well, you shall see."On coming to the difficult passage* (m.) Mozart*, without stopping, struck the note* (f.) in the middle of the piano with his nose‡, and every one burst out laughing. What § made the act more ridiculous was, that Haydn had a flat nose, while Mozart's was a long* one. Haydn therefore paid for the smallness of his nasal protuberance six bottles of champagne*.

+ Haydn, célèbre compositeur de musique, naquit en 1732 et mourut en 1809.

With regard to the position of the object, see HAVET'S "French Class-Book," p. 308, Nos. 677 and 678.

Ce qui appears for "what," (i.e., "that which,") when the relative pronoun (qui) is the nominative of the verb :

Je sais ce qui est difficile dans ce

morceau.

I know what is difficult in this piece.

20

B

15. HISTORY OF COTTON.

(See le Coton et la rouennerie in HAVET'S "French Studies, p. 106.)

HISTOIRE DU COTON.—(I.) 1 date d'une époque très reculée. 2 Au temps d'Hérodote. 3 avant Jésus-Christ. ne commencèrent à cultiver le coton qu'après. 5 où on les apportait du Turkestan. 6 Dès. 7 cotonnade. 8 l'Orient.

(II.) 9 date as far back as, remontent au.

3

(I.) The word COTTON, which is adopted in all the modern languages of Europe*, is derived from an Arab (86.) word. The use of fabrics made from cotton dates very far back 1. In the time of Herodotus 2 all the Indians wore cotton garments. In the first century before Christ there were (imp.) manufactories of cotton tissues in Egypt and Arabia, but the Greeks and the Romans do not appear to have made great use of them. The Chinese did not commence cultivating the cottonplant until after the conquest of the Tartars in the thirteenth century; and at that same period cotton tissues formed an important* article of commerce* in the Crimea and Southern Russia, whither they were brought from Turkestan 5. From the tenth century, the Arabs had naturalised the cotton-plant in Spain; and in the fourteenth, the cotton-cloths of Grenada surpassed in reputation those of the East 8.

(II.) The manufactories of cotton goods in Italy date as far back as the commencement* (m.) of the fourteenth century, the first establishments being at Milan* and

10 It is presumed, On croit. 11 de fabriques établies. 12 acte (m.) du parlement. 14 La filature du coton. 15 qu'en. 16 machine à filer le coton.

13 du comté de Lancastre et du comté de Chester.

Venice. It is presumed 10 † that there were at that period manufactories for cotton goods in England, as Deland, who lived (imp.) in the time of Henry VIII., speaks of some being 11 at Bolton-on-the-Moor, and an Act of Parliament 12 of 1552, under Edward VI., mentions the cotton tissues of Manchester*, Lancashire, and Cheshire 13. The cotton manufacture 14 did not acquire any importance in France* until 15 1787, when the French Government established cotton spinning machines 16 * at Rouen*; but it was not, however, until under the Empire*, that—thanks to the efforts* of Richard* Lenoir* —this branch of industry became (p. d.) flourishing.

16. GRATITUDE.

RECONNAISSANCE.-1 While, étant. 2 Turn:-received (p. d.) from his master. 3 all, tout entier.

The famous Eastern (86.) philosopher, Lokman*, while1 a slave, being presented by his master with 2 a bitter melon* (m.), immediately ate it all3.

On is chiefly used to avoid the passive verb, which is not a favourite form in the French language:

1. On dit, on suppose, on croit, que la

ville a été prise.

2. Ici on parle français.

3. On m'a dit qu'il est mort.

4. On apportait alors les étoffes de

coton du Tui kestan.

1. It is said, supposed, believed that the town has been taken.

2. French is spoken here.

3. I have been told that he is dead.

4. Cotton tissues were then brought from Turkestan.

(HAVET'S "French Class-Book," p. 296, No. 617 et seq.)