6 closed in, le surprit. 7 passée dehors par un temps froid et ǹumide. 8 acheva de l'épuiser.

(IV.) 1 de grands poteaux plantés sur la route portaient un écriteau annonçant que. 2 and made him, &c., et il était bien aise de pouvoir s'éloigner au plus vite de, &c. 3 s'arrêtait devant. 4 ceux qui allaient et venaient. jusqu'à ce que l'hôtesse donnât l'ordre à. 6 flâner dans. ... 7 il arrivait neuf fois sur dix. 8 de lâcher le chien après. (V.) 1 Iƒ . . . or, sans (325.). 2 le garde-barrière.

5

for a small loaf, in the very first village* (m.) through which he passed. He had walked (245.) no more than (460.) twelve miles, when night closed in 6 again. His feet were (imp.) sore, and his legs so weak that they trembled beneath him. Another night passed (p. p.) in the bleak damp air, made him worse, when he set forward on his journey next morning, he could (imp.) hardly crawl along.

3

(IV.) In some villages*, large painted boards were fixed up, warning1 all persons who (640.) begged (condit.) within the district, that they would be sent to jail. This frightened Oliver very much, and made him glad to get out of those villages* with all possible* expedition 2. In others, he would (776.) stand about the inn-yards, and look mournfully at every one who passed ; a proceeding which generally terminated in the landlady's ordering5 one of the post-boys who were lounging about, to drive that strange boy out of the place, for she was sure he had come to steal something. If he begged (imp.) at a farmer's house, ten to one they (on) threatened to set the dog on him; and when he showed (imp.) his (534.) nose in a shop, they talked about the beadle!

8

(V.) In fact, if it had not been for1 a good-hearted turnpike-man 2, and a benevolent old lady, Oliver would most assuredly have fallen dead upon the king's highway.

...

3 who had, &c., dont le petit-fils avait fait naufrage et errait. . . . 4 des paroles si douces et si bonnes.

2 pas une âme n'était

1 O. atteignit, clopin-clopant. (VI.) éveillée pour songer aux affaires de la journée. 3 his own, &c., toute l'horreur de sa misère et de son isolement.

s'ouvrirent. 5 passing 7 as they hurried

to and fro, à circuler. Some few, Quelques-uns. by, en passant rapidement.

But the turnpike-man 2 gave him a meal of bread and cheese; and the old lady, who had a shipwrecked grandson wandering3 barefooted (432.) in some distant part of the earth, took pity upon the poor orphan, and gave him what she could afford-and more-with such kind and gentle words, and sucht tears of sympathy and compassion*, that they sank deeper into Oliver's soul than all the sufferings (136.) he had ever undergone.

(VI.) Early on the seventh morning after he had left his native place, Oliver limped slowly into1 the little town of Barnet* The window shutters were (imp.) shut; the street was (imp.) empty; not a soul had awakened to the business of the day 2. The sun was rising in all his splendid beauty, but the light only served to show the boy his own lonesomeness and desolation 3, as he sat, with bleeding feet and covered with dust ‡, upon a cold doorstep. By degrees the shutters were opened; the window-blinds were drawn up; and people began passing to and fro 5. Some few stopped to (No. 267.) gaze at Oliver for a moment or two, or turned round to stare at him as they hurried by 7; but none relieved him, or

+ Exprimez such par telles, que vous placerez après compassion. Dites couvert de poussière et les pieds en sang.

8 or troubled themselves to, personne ne prit la peine de.

3

LA FRANCE.-1 au nord. 2 à l'ouest. au sud. 4 à l'est. 5 fut partagé. 6 has been erected into, est devenue.

4

1. France* (f.) is bounded N.1 by Belgium and the English Channel; W.2 by the Atlantic Ocean; S.3 by the Pyrenees and the Mediterranean; E. by Italy, Switzerland, and Germany. Its population* (f.) is 38 millions*

*

2. France (f.) was (imp.) formerly divided into provinces. At the Revolution of 1789 the country was (704.) parcelled 5 out into 86 § departments. In 1860, the French territory was enlarged by the annexation of Savoy and the county of Nice*, both of which were ceded by Sardinia. Savoy has been divided into two departments (Savoy and Upper Savoy); Nice, with certain districts of the departments of Var* (m.), has been erected into the department of the Maritime Alps.

+ Terminez ainsi : et il restait assis immobile et silencieux. See HAVET's "French Class-Book," p. 74, Description de la France; and "French Studies," p. 38, la Nature en France; p. 221, La France; and p. 230, la France industrielle.

§ Il n'y eut d'abord que 83 départements; sous le premier empire, la France en eut jusqu'à 130.

2 au sud-ouest.

1 Ouessant. 5 Amérique Méridionale.

onale.

3 l'Escaut.

4 West Indies, Antilles.

6 Guyane (f.). 7 Amérique Septentri

8 près de Terre-Neuve. 9 des établissements sur le Sénégal. 10 Gorée. 11 Indes Orientales. 12 les Marquises. 13 NouvelleCalédonie.

3. ISLANDS.-Ushant 1, Belle-Ile *, Noirmoutier *, l'île d'Yeu *, Rhé *, Oléron *, Hyères * islands, and Corsica. 4. CAPES.-Cape (405.) Gris-nez", between Calais * and Boulogne * ; cape Barfleur on the north-eastern extremity of the department of the Manche* (f.); cape Hogue* (f.) on the north-western end of the same department; cape Raz*, and cape Penmarch *, S. W.2 of the department of Finistère* (m.).

5. MOUNTAINS.-Pyrenees (405.), part of the Alps, Mont Blanc *, Cévennes*, Cantal*, Puy-de-Dôme*, Côte d'Or *, Vosges *, Mount Jura* (m.).

6. RIVERS.-Seine* (f.), Loire (f.), Garonne (f.), Saône (f.), Rhône (m.), Moselle (f.), Meuse (f.), Scheldt3, Somme (f.), Marne (f.), Orne, Vilaine (f.), the two Sèvres (f.), Charente (f.), Dordogne (f.), Adour, &c.

7. FOREIGN POSSESSIONS.-In the West Indies 4, Martinique* (f.), Guadeloupe* (f.), &c. ; in South America 5, French Guiana; and in North America 7, the islands of Saint Peter and Miquelon*, near Newfoundlands. In Africa, Algeria, settlements on the Senegal, and the islands of Saint Louis* and Goree 10. In the Indian Ocean, the isles of Bourbon* and Sainte-Marie *. In the East Indies 11, Pondichéry *, Karikal*, Chandernagor *, Mahé, &c. In the Pacific Ocean, the Marquesas 12 Tahiti* and New Caledonia 13.

8. The length of France* (f.), from north to south, is

1 les vallées qu'arrosent ses fleuves. 2 Il faut que le voyageur fasse (245.). * pour la plupart. 4 qui pénètre jusqu'en. 5 et qui en se prolongeant vers le nord. rempart naturel.

6

600 miles; its breadth, from east to west, 560 miles. Although in a country of such extent much variety may be expected,† the general appearance of France* (f.) is level. In the hilly districts, and in the valleys through which its rivers glide 1, particularly the Seine* (f.), and the Loire* (f.), the scenery is often highly picturesque. The traveller has to proceed 2 400 miles south from Calais, before he reaches the mountains of Auvergne *, which are connected with those of Dauphiny, Languedoc * (m.), and Provence* (f.). This enormous assemblage of rocks, chiefly 3 basaltic, extends 120 miles. other ridges are the Vosges mountains, on the eastern frontier; a chain of the Alps, which penetrates into1 Provence and Dauphiny, and stretching northward 5, separates France* (f.) from Italy and Switzerland; and the Pyrenees the mountain-barrier between France and Spain.

*

The

9. Placed in the middle of the temperate zone, France enjoys a peculiarly fine climate. It varies, indeed, considerably in the different regions. In the north it resembles that of the south-west of England; although in summer it is rather hotter, as well as more humid; while in winter the cold is sometimes more severe. In the central region, particularly in the provinces of Touraine Limousin, the temperature is delightful, and the air

and

† Construe-Although one may expect much variety in a country of such extent.