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44 years, 82.4 per cent are married and 1.5 per cent are widowed, leaving but 16.1 per cent who are single. Of the native whites born of native father none are widowed and 87 per cent are married. Of the foreign-born males in this age group, the Croatians, with 94.3 per cent, show the largest proportion of married persons. All of the other foreign-born race groups, except the Finnish and North Italian, report between 80 and 90 per cent of the males as married. The proportion for the North Italians, 77.3 per cent, is smaller than that shown by any other race. Less than 5 per cent of the total number of males who are 45 years of age or over are single. The proportion married is 88.7 per cent, while 6.5 per cent are widowed. The foreign-born show a slightly larger proportion of married and widowed males than do the native-born of foreign father. Of the foreign-born races in this age group, the English, Finnish, and North Italians each show slightly more than 91 per cent of married males. Each of the other foreign-born races shows a proportion that is not lower than 80 per cent. The smallest proportion of married males, 83.3 per cent, is shown by the Slovenians. The total column is a combination of the foregoing information.

Although the greater part of the foreign-born mine workers are married, the significant fact in this connection is that a considerable proportion of the married males left their wives abroad when they immigrated to this country. This condition of affairs is disclosed by the following table, which shows by race of husband the percentage of foreign-born husbands who reported wife in the United States and the percentage who reported wife abroad:

TABLE 81.-Per cent of foreign-born husbands who report wife in United States and per cent who report wife abroad, by race of husband.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more husbands reporting. The total, however, is for all foreignborn.]

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Of 2,595 foreign-born husbands reporting, 75.1 per cent have wives in the United States and 24.9 per cent have wives abroad. The Magyar and Croatian husbands show a much higher per cent having wives abroad than any of the other nationalities shown in the table. The North Italians, Slovenians, and South Italians

show 40 per cent or over of husbands having wives abroad, while the Polish husbands show slightly over 20 per cent and the Finnish and English husbands somewhat less than 20 per cent having wives abroad. The Canadian other than French and German husbands report all wives in the United States, while the French Canadian and Swedish husbands show considerably over 90 per cent of wives in the United States.

The tendency on the part of the married mine workers who immigrated without their wives to send for them after designated periods of residence in this country is set forth in the table next presented, which shows, by race of husband and by years husband has been in the United States, the per cent of foreign-born husbands who report wife abroad.

TABLE 82.-Per cent of foreign-born husbands who report wife abroad, by race of husband and by years husband has been in the United States.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 100 or more husbands reporting.]

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Of the total number of foreign-born husbands shown in the foregoing table 63.2 per cent of the Croatian, 44.2 per cent of the North Italian, 19.5 per cent of the Finnish, 16.8 per cent of the English, and 0.4 per cent of the French Canadian report wives abroad. Of the husbands who have been in the United States under five years. and from five to nine years, the Croatians show the highest percentage; the Finns show the lowest percentage in the first group, while the French Canadians have no husbands of from five to nine years' residence reporting wives abroad. Of husbands who have been in the United States ten years or over the North Italians show the highest percentage and the French Canadians the lowest percentage having wives abroad.

VISITS ABROAD.

The extent to which employees of foreign birth visit their native country for periods of varying duration is exhibited in the table next submitted. It shows, by years in the United States and race, the visits abroad made by foreign-born male employees.

TABLE 83.-Visits abroad made by foreign-born male employees, by years in the United States and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 100 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

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Of a total of 4,104 male employees studied in the preceding table 23.1 per cent have made one or more visits to their native land. Approximately the same proportion of those who have been in the United States from five to nine years, as of those with a period of residence of ten years or over, have made one or more visits abroad, as compared with a considerably smaller proportion of those who have been in the United States under five years. The French Canadian and North Italian are the only races showing smaller proportions in the five to nine year group than in the ten years or over group.

AGE CLASSIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES.

The following table shows, by general nativity and race, the percentage of male employees in each age group:

TABLE 84.—Per cent of male employees within each age group, by general nativity and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

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TABLE 84.-Per cent of male employees within each age group, by general nativity and -Continued.

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Of the 5,632 male employees reported in the foregoing table, 23.5 per cent are between the ages of 20 and 24 years. The proportion of second rank, 20.5 per cent, is shown by those who are from 25 to 29 years of age. When compared with the native-born of foreign father, the foreign-born show the smaller proportions between the ages of 14 and 19 years, 20 to 24 years, and 35 to 44 years, and the larger proportions in each other age group. Only two races, the Croatian and South Italian, show a proportion of males below the age of 14 and in each of these cases the percentage is very small. The Irish and Swedes report no persons who are below the age of 20. The Croatians show the largest proportion who are between the ages of 14 and 19, and likewise the largest proportion of males who are between the ages of 20 and 24, the proportion in the latter case being 31.7 per cent. Between 20 and 30 per cent of the English, Finnish, North and South Italian, Lithuanian, and Slovenian races are between the ages of 20 and 24 years. None of the Irish, and less than 10 per cent each of the Germans and Norwegians, are between the ages of 30 and 34. The Canadians other than French, with 37.7 per cent, show the largest proportion who are from 35 to 44 years of age, and are closely followed by the Swedes who show 31.5 per cent. None of the South Italians, Lithuanians, or Slovenians appear in the period of 55 or more years. The races of older immigration, such as the Germans, Irish, French Canadians, and Norwegians, have the largest representation in this age group.

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