TABLE 66.-Per cent of persons in each conjugal condition, by sex, age groups, and by general nativity and race of individual-Continued.

Of the 1,402 persons in this industry, for whom information was obtained, 18.8 per cent are single and 78.9 per cent married. Of those from 20 to 29 years of age, 35.6 per cent are single and 63.8 per cent married, as compared with 6.2 per cent single and 92.8 per cent married of those from 30 to 44 years of age, and 3.4 per cent single and 83.5 per cent married of those 45 years of age or over. The foreign-born show proportions in each conjugal condition that vary only slightly from the proportions shown for all persons. This, with the exception of a much larger proportion single and a much smaller proportion married than is shown in the total among those from 20 to 29 years of age, is equally true of the native-born of foreign father. Considering the males 20 years of age or over, 26.1 per cent of whom are single and 71.8 per cent married, it will be noted that of those from 20 to 29 years of age 51.1 per cent are single and 48.3 per cent married, as compared with 9.1 and 90.1 per cent single and married, respectively, of those from 30 to 44 years of age, and 4.1 and 85.1 per cent single and married, respectively, of those 45 years of age The foreign-born in the several age groups report proportions in each conjugal condition only slightly different from the proportions shown in the total for all males, while the native-born of foreign father show a much larger proportion single and a much smaller proportion married among those from 20 to 29 years of age, and a slightly larger proportion single and a considerably smaller proportion married among those from 30 to 44 years of age, than is shown for all males. Among the foreign-born races from 20 to 29 years of age none are widowed, the Lithuanians reporting the largest proportion single and consequently the smallest proportion married, while the Slovaks, with 29.3 per cent, show the smallest proportion single and the largest proportion married, or 70.7 per cent. Of those from 30 to

or over.

44 years of age, the proportions married range from 95.7 per cent of the Slovaks to 84.4 per cent of the Irish, the Irish and Slovaks each reporting a small proportion widowed. No Slovaks, and only 2.2 per cent of the Irish, as compared with considerably larger proportions of the other races, are single among those 45 years of age or over, and no Poles and Slovaks are widowed, the Ruthenians, with 25 per cent in this conjugal condition, showing a slightly larger proportion than the Irish and a considerably larger proportion than the South Italians.

As regards the females from 20 to 29 years of age, the foreignborn show a considerably smaller proportion single and a considerably larger proportion married, while the native-born of foreign father show a much larger proportion single and a much smaller proportion married than is shown for all females. With these exceptions the proportions shown for each, in the above table, vary little from the proportions shown in the total for all females in each conjugal condition in the several age groups. Comparing the females of the various foreign-born races, it will be seen that no Ruthenians and, as compared with the Lithuanians, slightly smaller proportions of the other races, from 20 to 29 years of are single, the South Italians alone reporting a small proportion widowed. Of those from 30 to 44 years of age, all the Lithuanians, Poles, Ruthenians, and Slovaks, and 93.9 and 96 per cent of the Irish and South Italians, respectively, are married, the Irish alone reporting a small proportion widowed. As between the Irish and Poles 45 years of age or over, the former show a considerably larger proportion married and a much smaller proportion widowed than do the latter.

age,

While a large proportion of the foreign-born male employees were married, it is significant in connection with their conjugal condition that considerable numbers, upon immigrating to this country, left their wives abroad. This fact is disclosed by the following table, which shows, by race of husband, the per cent of foreign-born husbands who report wife in the United States and the per cent who report wife abroad:

TABLE 67.-Per cent of foreign-born husbands who report wife in the United States and per cent who report wife abroad, by race of husband.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more husbands reporting. The total, however, is for all foreignborn.]

Of the foreign-born husbands for whom information was secured 86.2 per cent report wives in the United States. The English, Germans, Irish, and Lithuanians have the largest and the Croatians and South Italians the smallest proportion of individuals reporting wives in the United States.

The tendency on the part of the husbands of foreign birth, who came to this country without their wives, to send for them after designated periods of residence, may be seen from the table next presented. The table shows, by race of husband and by years husband has been in the United States, the percentage of foreignborn husbands who report wife abroad.

TABLE 68.-Per cent of foreign-born husbands who report wife abroad, by race of husband and by years husband has been in the United States.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 100 or more husbands reporting.]

The proportion of foreign-born husbands who have been in the United States under five years who report wives abroad is much larger for the Slovaks than for the individuals of any other race and is smallest for the Irish. The relative proportion of husbands of the several races in the United States from five to nine years and ten years or over reporting wives abroad is about the same as for those who have been here under five years except that the proportion of husbands in the United States ten years or over reporting wives abroad is even smaller for the Germans than for the Irish.

VISITS ABROAD.

The extent to which employees of foreign birth return to their native countries for long or short periods appears from the table following. This table shows, by sex, years in the United States, and race, the visits abroad made by foreign-born employees.

TABLE 69.- Visits abroad made by foreign-born employees, by sex, years in the United States, and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 200 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

The above table shows that the proportion of foreign-born males who have been in the United States under five years who have made visits abroad is largest for the Germans and Slovaks, in the order mentioned, and smallest for the Poles; that the proportion who have been in the United States from five to nine years who have made visits abroad is largest for the Slovaks and Irish, in the order mentioned, and smallest for the Poles; and that the proportion who have been here ten years or over, who have made visits abroad, is largest for the Irish and Slovaks, in the order mentioned, and smallest for the Poles. The percentages presented for all employees exhibit precisely the same tendencies as those presented for the males.

AGE CLASSIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES AND MEMBERS OF THEIR HOUSE

HOLDS.

The age characteristics of the employees of the oil-refining industry may be seen from the table next presented. This table shows, by sex and general nativity and race of head of household, the percentage of persons in the households studied who were within each specified age group.

TABLE 70.-Per cent of persons within each age group, by sex and by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

A larger proportion of the total number of persons for whom data were obtained are under 6 than in any other age group. Relatively large proportions are 20 to 29 and 30 to 44. The foreign-born show a similar age distribution. The specified races, however, exhibit a marked variation in the proportion in each age group; Of the native-born of foreign father 24.6 per cent are under 6 and 23 per cent from 6 to 13, the proportion in every other age group