TABLE 36. Yearly earnings (approximate) of males 18 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual. (STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.) Number working Number earning Per cent earning General nativity and race of individual. for wages Average and re- earnings. Under Under Under Under Under Under Under Under $200. $400. $600. $1,000. $200. porting amount. $400. $600. $1,000. The above table shows that of 849 males 18 years of age or over who are working for wages and who reported the amount earned, 2.9 per cent earn under $200, 23.7 per cent earn under $400, 60.4 per cent earn under $600, and 94.2 per cent earn under $1,000 per year. The average approximate yearly earnings are $591. The native whites born of native father show average yearly earnings of $941, as contrasted with the average yearly earnings of the nativeborn of foreign father, which is $605 and the average yearly earnings of the foreign-born, which is $579. The native-born of foreign father show 6.6 per cent earning under $200 per year, followed by the native-born whites of native father and the foreignborn with smaller proportions. The foreign-born show 24.3 per cent earning under $400, followed by the native-born of foreign father with a somewhat smaller percentage, while the native-born whites of native father show only 8.3 per cent earning under the above-mentioned amount. The foreign-born show over 60 per cent, the nativeborn of foreign father over 50 per cent, and the native-born whites of native father 16.7 per cent earning under $600. The foreign-born exhibit over 95 per cent, the native-born of foreign father over 90 per cent, and the native-born whites of native father 70.8 per cent earning under $1,000. Of the native-born of foreign father, males of Irish parentage show average yearly earnings of $632, as contrasted with average yearly earnings of males of German parentage of $574. Of the foreign-born males, the Germans and the Irish show average yearly earnings of over $800, the English and Lithuanians over $700, the Magyars, the Poles, the Croatians, and the Slovaks over $500, and the South Italians and the Ruthenians average yearly earnings of less than $450. The Slovaks, Ruthenians, Croatians, and Poles show between 3.1 and 5.8 per cent earning under $200 per year, none of the males of other specified races showing over 1 cent earning under this amount. The Ruthenians and South Italians show over 40 per cent and the Slovaks over 30 per cent earning under $400, the other races showing comparatively small proportions earning under this amount. The South Italians and the Ruthenians show over 85 per cent earning under $600 and the Ruthenians, Poles, South Italians, and Croatians 100 per cent earning under $1,000. The Irish show the smallest percentage earning under each of the above-mentioned amounts per year. ANNUAL EARNINGS OF FEMALES 18 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED. The following table shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the yearly earnings of all females in the households studied who were 18 years of age or over and who were working for wages: TABLE 37.- Yearly earnings (approximate) of females 18 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual. a Not computed, owing to small number involved. Percentages not computed, owing to small numbers involved. From the preceding table it appears that the earnings of the females 18 years of age or over, for whom information was secured, average $315 per year. The average yearly earnings of the nativeborn of foreign father are very much larger than the average yearly earnings of the foreign-born. The average yearly earnings of the native-born whose fathers were born in Ireland are slightly higher than the total average yearly earnings of all the native-born of foreign father. Of the 55 individuals for whom information was secured, 15 earn under $200, 26 under $300, 39 under $400, and 50 under $500 per year. ANNUAL FAMILY INCOME. In the series of tabulations next presented the average amount and range of annual family income are studied, together with the different sources of family income and their relative importance. The fol lowing table, submitted in this connection shows, by general nativity and race of head of family, the percentage of families having a total yearly income of each specified amount: TABLE 38.-Per cent of families having a total yearly income of each specified amount, by general nativity and race of head of family. (STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.) 【This table includes only races with 20 or more families reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.] Of the 502 families selected for study in the foregoing table, 93.2 per cent have a total income under $1,500, 74.7 per cent under $1,000, 53.4 per cent under $750, 18.1 per cent under $500, and 3.8 per cent under $300 per annum, the average income being $828. None of the families the heads of which are Irish have an income under $500, and 81.1 per cent have an income under $1,500 (the average income being $1,214), as compared with 48.1 per cent of the families the heads of which are Ruthenians, which have an income under $500, and all of which have an income under $1,500 (the average income being $530). WIVES AT WORK. The extent to which the wives of the families studied were regularly employed for wages outside the house is shown in the table following, according to general nativity and race of head of family. TABLE 39.-Wives at work, by general nativity and race of head of family. From the above table it will be seen that of the 496 wives for whom information was obtained only 3.4 per cent are at work, with average earnings of $180, the foreign-born reporting 3 per cent of their wives at work, with average earnings of $139, while the number of wives native-born or native father and native-born of foreign father reporting are so few as not to admit of comparison. Among the foreign-born who are reported in sufficient numbers to justify computation, it will be seen that none of the Lithuanians or Ruthenians and only a very small proportion of Slovaks and Poles are at work, while the South Italians with 7.9 per cent, show the largest proportion, which is slightly in excess of that shown by the Irish. RELATION BETWEEN THE EARNINGS OF HUSBANDS AND THE PRACTICE OF WIVES OF KEEPING BOARDERS OR LODGERS. Although a considerable proportion of the wives of the families the heads of which were operatives in the oil industry, as well as other female members of the families, seek regular employment outside of the house as a means of contributing to the family support, a much larger proportion of the wives add to the earnings of their husbands by taking boarders or lodgers into the house. The extent to which the wives of the families find it necessary to supplement in this way the earnings of their husbands is set forth in the tables following, which show the number and percentage of families in which wife has employment or keeps boarders or lodgers, according to yearly earnings and general nativity and race of head of family. TABLE 40.-Number of families in which wife has employment or keeps boarders or lodgers, by yearly earnings of husband and by general nativity and race of head of family. a For selection of families, see p. 859. Of the selected families only those which have both husband and wife present appear in this table. b This column includes 2 families in which husbands' earning are reported as "none." e This column includes 1 family in which husband's earnings are reported as "none." TABLE 41.-Per cent of families in which wife has employment or keeps boarders or lodgers, by yearly earnings of husband and by general nativity and race of head of family. (STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.) [This table includes only races with 20 or more selected families reporting. The totals, however, are for all Of the selected families only those which have both husband and wife present appear in this table. For selection of families, see p. 859.] races. • This column includes 1 family in which husbands' earnings are reported as "none." 1 |